• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2013

Butanol-resistant bacteria were isolated from butanol solvent. The cell growth of isolated strains declined with increasing concentrations of butanol, and isolated strain BRS02 displayed more resistance to 12.5 g/L of butanol than other isolated strains. In addition, strain BRS251, which was resistant to even higher concentrations of butanol, was developed by the mutation of BRS02 using UV. BRS251 could grow in LB medium containing up to 17.5 g/L of butanol, 32.5 g/L of propanol, or 6 g/L of pentanol, whereas the control strain Escherichia coli was found to be tolerant to 7.5 g/L of butanol, 20 g/L of propanol, or 2 g/L of pentanol. The isolated BRS02, a Gram(+) bacterium seen to have a cocci form under the microscope, grew in 6.5% NaCl. According to biochemical tests, BRS02 can metabolize and produce acid with D-galactose, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, methyl-${\beta}$-Dglucopyranoside, D-ribose, sucrose, or D-trehalose, as carbon sources. Also, this strain showed resistance to bacitracin, vibriostatic agent O/129, and optochin, alongside positive activities for arginine dihydrolase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and urease. The BRS02 strain was identified as Staphylococcus sp. by analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, phylogenetic tree, and biochemical tests.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.720-727
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• 2009

Lyophilized powder (BP2FS) of soybeans fermented with Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2 (B. polyfermenticus KJS-2) exhibited in vitro antibacterial activities against eight pathogenic bacteria. BP2FS was used as a fodder additive for Oplegnathus fasciatus (0. fasciatus) culture. One group (UFD) of O. fasciatus was fed a commercial fodder, while another group (FD) was fed the same fodder, but including BP2FS ($6{\times}10^{4}$ cfu $g^{-1}$ fodder), two times daily for 120 days. The mean body weight of the FD group (67.29${\pm}$12.62 g) was higher than that of the UFD group (56.56${\pm}$8.21 g) after 120 days. The survival rate of FD was 80% compared to 40% for the UFD group. Cumulative mortalities in the FD and UFD groups were 18.95% and 60.98% respectively. B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 was isolated from the intestines of the FD group and the number of viable colonies was estimated to be $1.04{\times}10^{4}$ cfu $g^{-1}$. Iridovirus and Vibrio vulnificus was detected in the organs of the UFD group but not in the FD group. All of the infected fish showed typical clinical symptoms of hemorrhage in their tail fins. Dissection of the infected internal organs revealed liver congestion and spleen enlargement - typical symptoms caused by iridovirus infection. These results clearly show that BP2FS is highly beneficial in preventing O. fasciatus from iridovirus infection.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1987

Fourty nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue were reviewed retrospectively for the evaluation of clinical manifestation and for the comparison between therapeutic modalites. The gross shape of the tumor was infiltrative in 22, ulcerative in 12, ad ulcer-oinfiltrative type in 10 patients. Direct extension of the tumor was most commonly to the floor of the mouth. The incidence of nodal metastasis generally increased with tumor stage. $55\%$ of the patients showed neck nodal metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Ipsilateral subdigastric node were most commonly involved, followed by submandibular nodes. The 5-year survival rate of patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy was $58.7\%$ in contrast to $21.6\%$ in radiation alone group. Overall 5-year survival rate was $31\%$ In radiation alone group, half of the patients in stage I, II were locally controlled. But the local control In stage III, IV was much inferior to early lesions. Especially, of 4 patients combined with implantation technique, 3 were completely controlled. 5-year survival rate of these implanted patients was $50\%,\;49.4\%$ of patients treated over 7,000cGy survived 5 years. This was significant in contrast to $6.4\%$ of the group treated below 7,000cGy. The most common sites of failures were primary sites. In early lesions primary radiotherapy with implantation would be an appropriate treatment in cancer of oral tongue, operation reserved for radiation failure. Operation and adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended in cases of advanced disease.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.381-385
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• 2003

An efficient method of plant regeneration from Acanthopanax chiisanensis somatic embryos was developed. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were obtained in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium from embryogenic cell suspension cultures. They were desiccated for 0 to 72 hr and then cultured on MS medium containing NAA, BA, GA$_3$, (0-0.5mg/L). The highest multiple shoots formation (100％) was obtained from 72 hr desiccated somatic embryos on ifs medium with 0.5mg/L NAA＋0.5mg/L BA or 0.5 mg/L NAA＋0.5mg/L BA＋0.5mg/L GA$_3$ after 6 weeks culture. Plant conversion from multiple shoots was not high. The highest plant conversion from multiple shoots was obtained on 1/3MS medium with 1.0mg/L GA$_3$. Converted plantlets were transferred to ex vitro condition and the highest survival rate (70％) of the plantlets was obtained on plastic pots containing vermiculite and sand. These results indicate that micropropagation procedure can be applied for an efficient mass propagation of Acanthopanax chiisanensis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.570-575
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• 1996

For brain perfusion SPECT imaging, $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO and $^{99m}Tc$-ECD are commonly used. Although these two tracers usually show similar distribution, it is well known that discrepant finding might be noted between $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO and $^{99m}Tc$-ECD imaging in some conditions. Luxury perfusion(perfusion/metabolism mismatch) is one of the examples and could be observed in subacute cerebral infarction. We report a case of subacute cerebral infarction that revealed luxury perfusion. Increased perfusion was found in $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT and perfusion defect was found in $^{99m}Tc$-ECD SPECT. We found large area of mismatch with a consecutive acquisition-subtraction method. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis was observed in both SPECT images.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2013

This study wascarried out to compare the medicinal effects of various Ganoderma species mycelial extracts. Among 6 Ganoderma species mycelial extracts by using 100% MeOH, G. species ASI-7150 showed the highest antioxidant effect. In nitric oxide (NO) production and ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release inhibition assay, the treatment of G. lucidum ATCC64251 (Taiwan) mycelia extracts most effectively inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release. In addition, the treatment of all 6 Ganoderma species mycelial extracts were not affect on RAW264.7 cell viability. Although this preliminary research has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation, it will serve as a base for further studies of medicinal effects of various Ganoderma species.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 1993

The optima] conditions for the formation, the regeneration. and the spheroplast fusion of Flavimonas aryz/habitans spheroplasts were investigated. Cells were transformed to spherop]asts effectively by treatment of 0.5% volume (v/v) of 0.] M EDTA and ]00 flg/ml lysozyme at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min without shaking. Magnesium chloride and calcium chloride were effective on the stabilization of spheroplasts. and 20 mM calcium chloride in the rich regeneration medium improve the yield of regenerants as much as 3.5-fo]d. Addition of 0.8% bovine serium albumine (BSA) in dilution buffer for spheroplast formation improved the stabilization of spheroplasts over extended periods (4-6 hr) at room temperature. and thus increased the yield of recombinants to 4.5-fold. The spheroplast formation frequency and regeneration frequency of F aryzihabitans strain was 90.10% and 3.800/." respectively. The first regenerated cell of F. aryzihabitans spheroplasts were appeared 6 hours after plating. By I I hours after plating, 80% of spheroplasts were regenerated on thc rich regeneration medium containing 0.5 M sucrose. The intraspeci11c spheroplast fusion of F urvz/habitans was carried out and the properties of obtained fusants were investigated. Formation of fusion products was effective when the Flav/munas spheroplast mixture was treated with 40%(w/v) PEG6000 and 20 mM CaCl, for 10 min at room temperature. and thc formation of frequency of recombinants were $2.0{\times}10^{-5}~3.6{\times}10^{-5}$. All tested recombinant clones were very stable on further propagation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

Indoor airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations were examined at classrooms and corridors of 3 elementary schools in Ulsan. Airborne microorganisms were collected with an impaction-type air sampler using plate count agar and dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar. During the semester, concentrations of bacteria ranged $168{\sim}3,887 MPN/m^3$ at classrooms and $168{\sim}6,339 MPN/m^3$ at corridors, while those of fungi ranged $34{\sim}389 MPN/m^3$ at classrooms and $91{\sim}507 MPN/m^3$ at corridors. The bacterial concentrations showed larger variations between situations and schools compared to those of fungi. When airborne bacteria were isolated and identified, 84% were observed as Gram-positive, and Micrococcus spp. was the most abundant group with 61% of tested isolates, followed by genus Staphylococcus with 10%. The Micrococcus spp. isolates, of which 75% were identified as M. luteus, appeared to be from human origins. The protective pigments and substantial cell wall of Micrococcus may provide selective advantage for their survival in the air. We also isolated and identified 15 genera of filamentous fungi. The most common culturable fungi were Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, and these 3 genera were 69% of fungal isolates. Genus Stachybotrys, of which S. chartarum is a well known producer of many potent mycotoxins, was also detected from one of the schools. further systematic studies are necessary with an emphasis on species identification and mycotoxin production of isolated fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.271-285
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• 2014

Aluminum flows into the river from the abandoned mine leachate, industrial wastewater, and sewage and is responsible for acute toxicity in aquatic organisms. Recently, the number of reports have indicated the increased toxicity in a variety of aquatic organisms' due to the aluminum toxicity. In this study, we reviewed the toxicity of aluminum on aquatic invertebrates, fishes and amphibians and suggested the guideline for management of aluminum residues in aquatic environment and strategies for aluminum toxicity evaluation. In aquatic animals aluminum complexes evoke gill dysfunction primarily, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, disruption of endocrine function, reproductive success, metabolism and homeostasis. Notably, at environmentally relevant concentration, aluminum complex can alter the hormone levels in fish in acidic condition. Further, since the solubility of aluminum is higher in the acidic and basic conditions, thus it is likely that the toxic effects of aluminum may not only occur in acidic water near the abandoned mines but also in lakes and rivers, where pH is raised by algal bloom.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 2017

For the artificial induction of the sexual maturation of Anguilla japonica, salmon pituitary extract (SPE) is continuously injected into females, and the eggs obtained from artificial sexual maturation are artificially fertilized with sperms and hatched. However, repeated injection of SPE in the abdominal cavity causes tremendous stress in females, which may prevent their complete sexual maturation and reduce the immune system function, ultimately resulting in death. In addition, the poor quality of the ovulated eggs can reduce the hatching and survival rate of larvae. In the present study, sexual maturation of females was induced by inserting an osmotic (OS) pump containing hormone analogs known to effectively induce sexual maturation into the abdominal cavity of female eels, and the effect of the OS pump on the induced sexual maturation was investigated. Our study results showed that the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly higher in the fish subjected to SPE injection than those subjected to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa), and methyl testosterone (MT) injections, either separately or in combination. In addition, a histological analysis showed that the oocytes in the SPE OS pump groups were more mature (entered the nuclear shift stage) than those in the other groups. These results suggest that an osmotic pump containing hormone analogs can be used to induce sexual maturation in female A. japonica artificially.