• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 2009

The incidence of childhood cancer is greatest in the first year of life. Early diagnosis and advances in medicine have significantly improved outcomes of treatment resulting in higher survival rate; however, this progress comes at the expense of a higher incidence of adverse side effects because of more aggressive antineoplastic treatment strategies. The oral cavity, a trauma-prone environment, is extremely sensitive to toxicities from antineoplastic agents. Oral health care specialists, including pediatric and hospital dentists can support the oncology team by providing basic oral care, implementing oral care protocols, delivering emergency dental treatment, and assisting and/or managing oral complications from cancer therapy. This article covers the considerations in the dental management of pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment, specifically chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 1995

The present study was performed to produce supermales and superfemales in Oreochromis niloticus by combination of induced sex reversal and diploid gynogenesis. More than $95\%$ of female was obtained by oral administration of $17\beta-estradiol$ (480 mg/kg diet) to the eutheroembryonic larvae of this species. The result of progeny tests with XY pseudofemales showed that incidences of male progeny were ranged from $71.4\%\;to\;73.7\%$. p.opo.lion of male from XY pseudofemale was not significantly different (P>0.05) from that of $\chi^2$ (1:3), but it was significantly different (P<0.01) from that of $\chi^2$(1:1) Gynogenetic diploids were produced by applying cold shocks 3 min after insemination to the eggs of XY pseudofemale sperms were genetically inactivated by ultraviolet rays of 4,050 $erg/mm^2$. Fertilization rates of gynogenetic diploids were not different from that of their controls, however, hatching rates and early survival rates were silghtly lower than those of controls. In the cytogenetic studies, there was no difference in the size of cell and nucleus between the gynogenetic diploids and the controls. At 80 days after hatching, frequencies of gynogenetic male were higher than those of gynogenetic female (P<0.01) in their population.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2017

A previous study demonstrated that four kinds of natural compounds, Corydaline, (${\pm}$)-Car-3-ene-2,5-dione, cinobufagin, and corilagin, enhanced the gene expression of ERAP1 and FOXO1 (DFA16) more than two-fold in a cell culture system. In this study, the experimental food was made finally 30 ml in which included 1% agar, 5% sucrose, and each natural compound $20{\mu}l$. A fruit fly of Drosophila melanogaster fed a natural product for 4 hr after 4 hr starvation. Both natural compounds of Cinobufagin and Corilagin induced 6-8 days more survival comparing than it controls group. The resulting fruit flies were estimated the gene expression of ERAP1 and FOXO1 by RT-PCR that also demonstrated meaningful results with the same lifespan results. Cinobufagin from BufonisVenennumis has $C_{26}H_{34}O_6$ molecular formula and 442 kDa molecular weight. Corilagin from Euphorbiapekinensisis has $C_{27}H_{22}O_{18}$ molecular formula and 634 kDa molecular weight. The two types of natural products screened in this study will be used in the early diagnosis and treatment of insect industry in the near future. In addition, the natural products will be used in longevity experiments in a mouse model. The results may give one of the clues for studying new drug development candidates of the longevity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.531-534
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• 2010

Purpose: Lipobean$^{(R)}$s, widely used in lipodissolving techniques, contain phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate as its main substances. They have been approved only as medication for liver disease by the FDA. However, they have been used under various clinical settings without exact knowledge of its action mechanism. The authors designed an in vitro study to analyze the effects of different concentrations of phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate on adipocytes and other types of cells. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cell were cultured and induced to differentiate into adipocytes. Fibroblasts extracted from human inferior turbinate tissue, and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast lines were cultured. Phosphatidylcholine solution dissolved with ethanol was applied to the culture medium at differing concentrations (1, 4, 7, 10 mg/mL). The sodium deoxycholate solution dissolved in DMSO applied to the medium at differing concentrations (0.07, 0.1. 0.4. 0.7 mg/mL). Cells were dispersed at a concentration of $5{\times}10^3$ cells/well in 24 well plates, and surviving cells were calculated 1 day after the application using a CCK-8 kit. Results: The number of surviving cells of adipocytes, fibroblasts and osteoblasts decreased as the concentration of sodium deoxycholate increased. However, all types of cells that had been processed in a phosphatidylcholine showed a cell survival rate of over 70% at all concentrations. Conclusion: This study shows that sodium deoxycholate is the more major factor in destroying adipocytes, and it is also toxic to the other cells. Therefore, we conclude that care must be taken when using Lipobean$^{(R)}$s as a method of reducing adipose tissue, for its toxicity may destroy other nontarget cells existing in the subcutaneous tissue layer.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.274-281
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• 2010

In this study, PEG-PLA(or PLGA) amphiphilic di-block copolymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of D,L-lactide(or glycolide) and applied to polymeric micelle system for solubilization of a rosiglitazone as diabetes drug. The drug could be efficiently loaded into the polymer micelle by solid dispersion technique, and the drug-loaded micelles were characterized and evaluated as a drug delivery carrier by fluorescence spectrometer, DSC, and DLS measurements. The colloidal stability of drug loaded micelles in aqueous media could be enhanced by addition of 2-hydroxy-N-picolylnitinamide as a hydrotropic agent. The polymer micelles also showed biocompatible and nontoxic properties in vitro cell viability using MTT assay, and the drug loaded micelles were observed to be more effective than free drug for decreasing glucose in blood of rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 2011

This report documents a case in which the administration of an herbal product, an extract of the lacquer tree, Rhus verniciflua Stokes, as sequential and concurrent treatment with chemotherapy was associated with a long term survival and good quality of life in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). A 51-year-old Korean female was referred to the $M{\cdot}{\mu}$ Integrative Cancer Center, East-West Neo Medical centrer, Kyung Hee University for stage IV, metastatic NSCLC. She was treated with aRVS alone for 19 months and then received 1st line paclitaxel/carboplatin combined with aRVS, 2nd line gefitinib, and 3rd line pemetrexed. The number of cycles of pemetrexed administered was seventeen. aRVS was restarted as the 13th pemetrexed was administered. Pemetrexed with aRVS is currently ongoing. This patient has been alive for 41 months, and has been keeping a good performance status so far. We suggest aRVS as sequential and concurrent treatment with chemotherapy is an effective alternative treatment strategy.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2002

Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on vitellogenin (VTG) production and estrogen ($E_2$)-estrogen receptor (ER) binding affinity were examined in primary hepatocyte cultures of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Hepatocytes were pre-cultured for 2 days; subsequently, $E_2$( 2$\times$$10^{-6}$/ M) and 2,4-D ($10^{-9}~10^{-6}/M$) were simultaneously added to the incubation medium. They were cultured for more than 5 days. VTG and $E_2$-ER binding affinities were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and ELISA, respectively. 2,4-D concentration used had no appreciable effect on the morphology, viability, and DNA content of hepatocytes in culture. It had also no effect on VTG production. However, it interfered with $E_2$-ER binding affinity, which was reduced with increasing concentration of 2,4-D. The affinity was inhibited by 25 and 30% at $10^{-7}$ M and $10^{-6}$ M of 2,4-D, respectively. This result suggested that although 2,4-D had no effect on VTG production, it acted as reno-estrogenic contaminant in ER.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2020

Calmodulin (CaM) mediates cellular Ca²⁺ signals in the defense responses of plants. We previously reported that GmCaM-4 and 5 are involved in salicylic acid-independent activation of disease resistance responses in soybean (Glycine max). Here, we generated a GmCaM-4 cDNA construct under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and transformed this construct into potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The constitutive over-expression of GmCaM-4 in potato induced high-level expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, such as PR-2, PR-3, PR-5, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and proteinase inhibitorII (pinII). In addition, the transgenic potato plants exhibited enhanced resistance against a bacterial pathogen, Erwinia carotovora ssp. Carotovora (ECC), that causes soft rot disease and showed spontaneous lesion phenotypes on their leaves. These results strongly suggest that a CaM protein in soybean, GmCaM-4, plays an important role in the response of potato plants to pathogen defense signaling.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of Bradyrhizobium moculation and fertilizer N application on symbiotc $N_2$ fixation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Younghotangkong) at newly reclaimed soil. Treatments consisting of B. sp. (Vigna) HCR-3 and HCR-46 with control and five levels of nitrogen (0, 4, 8, 16, 32kg/10a) were arranged with split design of four repetitions. The results obtained were as follows. The number of viable Bradyrhizobium in rhizosphere was decreased to 20 days after sowing and thereafter it was remarkably increased, until full ripe stage of pods, decreased as fertilizern rates increased. Nodulation and nitrogenase activity were reduced with increasing levels of fertilizer, whereas top dry matter and nitrogen accumulation where increased. Seed yield of Bradyhizobium inoculation under the fertilizer N zero level was similar to that N : 8kg/10a under uninoculation. It suggested that Bradyrhizobium inoculation could replace the effect of nitrogen application.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.713-722
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• 1996

Poor long term patient survival (60% at 2 years) in lung allograft recipients are mainly due to rejection and complications associated with the use of nonspecific immunosuppressants. Better means to achieve waft acceptance is desperately needed. 1 have investigated whether mixed allogeneic chimerism in the form of bone marrow stem cell engraftment would induce donor-specific tolerance for lung allografts. Fisher (F344) and Wistar Forth (WF)rats were lethally irradiated (1100c0y) and reconstituted with a mixture of T-cell depleted syngeneic and allogeneic bone marrow (F344+WFIWF, ACI +F344- F344). After Mixed chimerism was documented by peripheral blood Ipnphocyte typing at 28 days, orthotopic left single lung transplantation was performed, using donor-s ecific or third party allografts. No immunosuppressants were administered. Graft rejection was monitored by chest rentgenography, and con- firmed by histology Mixed chimeric rats accepted lung allografts permanently, and it was not strain specific effect. Tolerance was all or none phenomenon which had nothing to do with the percentage of chimerlsm. Mixed chimeras rejected third party allografts in less than 10 days, a time course similar to that of unmanipulated controls. No acute or chronic rejection was observed in donor specific grafts more than 150 days posttransplant. These data suggest that mixed chimerism in the form of bone marrow stem cell engraftment results in stable, systemic donor-specific transplantation tolerance for lung allografts.