• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 1998

The combination of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with ICSI can achieve normal fertilization and pregnancy rate and is effective method in obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermic patients. But, when pregnancy was not occurred, repeated testicular biopsies are not evitable. Therefore, in this study, we observed the survival rate of testicular spemratozoa and spermatozoa extracted from the seminiferous tubules after cryopreserved-thawed used for next IVF cycle with ICSI. In a total of 23 cases, obstructive azoospermia was 17 cases and non-obstructive azoospermia was 6 cases. In obstructive azoospermia, after thawing, motile spermatozua was observed in 13 cases (76.5%). The fertilization rate with 2PN was 67.6% and 5 pregnancies (29.4%) were achieved. In non-obstructive azoospermia, motile spermatozoa was observed in 2 case (33.3%) after thawing. The fertilization rates with 2PN was 53.7% and 3 pregnancies (50.0%) were achieved. A comparison of the results of motile spermatozoa after thawed testicular spermatozoa and spermatozoa extracted from the thawed seminiferous tubule section were 3 cases (60.0%) and 12 cases (66.6%), respectively. The fertilization and pregnancy rates of thawed testicular spermatozoa and spermatozoa extracted from the thawed seminiferous tubule section were 69.4% and 20.0%, 62.5% and 38.8%, respectively. Conclusively, thawed testicular spermatozoa and spermatozoa extracted from the thawed seminiferous tubule section can achieve normal fertilization and pregnancy and cryopreservation of testicular spermatozoa and seminiferous tubule may avoid repetition of testicular biopsies in azoospermic patients in whom the only source of spermatozoa is the testis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.433-445
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• 2002

This study is to consider the current status of e-payment of local tax, one of the e-business models between Government and Customers(G2C) which is designed for the implementation of e-Government, and to present the activated policy for e-payment of local tax. For the survey, the complete enumeration is conducted through the questionnaire survey with those people who have used the e-payment tax system in C county and interview with those officials who are in charge of tax affairs in 232 local autonomies in Korea. As the system introduction status is viewed, the e-payment of local tax system is operated in 196 cities and counties in nation-wide but it has shown big differency in the extent of utilization according to regions. And the way of system operation is varied and the age bracket of those users is mainly comprised of 30's. In sum, a severe gap among taxpayer's age group, regional difference, and the lag of information in the system infra is appeared. But users consider this system to be settled as a new tax-payment system, and the good prospect is anticipated. As an activating policy for the e-payment of local-tax, some measures-providing incentives to those users of e-payment of tax system, improving the operating system, and enhancing the information education for taxpayer's-are needed to be taken. Hereafter, in-depth study on the e-payment tax system which is planned for the realization of e-Government is expected through a more systematic and scientific approach to this field.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.168-174
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• 2014

It was conducted to evaluate the control efficacy of Bordeaux mixture on pepper anthracnose in vitro and in vivo. The suppressive efficacy of Bordeaux mixture on mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum acutatum was investigated on PDA, cellophane membranes and pepper fruits, respectively. Furthermore, its control value was evaluated on detached pepper fruits inoculated with C. acutatum by wound and non-wound inoculation method, and in fields. The mycelial growth of C. acutatum JC24 was inhibited by 90.0% on PDA amended with $937{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture. While the spore germination of C. acutatum JC24 was inhibited perfectly on cellophane membranes treated at $187{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture, that on fruits inoculated with the pathogen by wound inoculation and non-wound inoculation method was inhibited by 88.1% and 91.3%, respectively. Although the control value on fruits treated with $937{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture was 17.6% in wound inoculation method, it was 58.8% in non-wound inoculation method. In fields, when Bordeaux mixture was sprayed five times at 14 day-intervals, it showed 55.7% and 61.7% of control value in 2012 and 2013, respectively. We think Bordeaux mixture was able to use as an eco-friendly organic farming material to control pepper anthracnose based on the above-mentioned results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.573-577
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• 2015

There are difficulties in removing wood tar wastewater coming from the power plants that use wood-based fuels due to its intermittent occurrences and severe changes in the amount and concentration. This study investigated the treatment characteristics through physicochemical treatment, an improved method from the existing ones using bag filters and activated carbons to treat wood tar wastewater. In the case of chemical properties of wood tar wastewater, the content of phenols was found to be more than two times higher than that of guaiacols and carbohydrates. Installation is done to ensure that NaOH and PAC are injected automatically according to the change of pH, and then pH, turbidity and SS of the final treated water were examined. The results were 5.9, 12.6 NTU and 15.1 mg/L respectively, which confirmed the possibility of the treated water as circulation water of power plants. In the physical treatment process using a conventional bag filter, removal efficiency of chemicals was about 20%, but the treatment efficiency was improved to show chemical removal efficiency of about 80% through flocculation and sedimentation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.590-598
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• 2004

The preconcentration and determination of trace Cu(II) and Pb(II) on calcium alginate beads in aqueous solution were studied. A calcium alginate beads were prepared by adding an alginic acid to sample solution contained Ca(II). Some following conditions were optimized: the pH of sample solution, amount of alginic acid, and stirring time for effective adsorption; the type and concentration of acid, and sonication time in an ultrasonic vibrator for the perfect de-sorption. A sample solution was prepared with Cu(II) and Pb(II) in DI water. And Ca(II) and ethanol was added into the sample solution. The pH of the final sample solution was controlled with buffer solution. The alginic acid were dispersed in the sample solution by a magnetic stirrer. This mixture was stored in room temperature for 30 min to form a calcium alginate. After the beads were filtered and washed on a membrane filter, the analytes were redissolved from the beads by an ultrasonic vibration of 10 minutes in 1.0M $HNO_3$ solution. The effect of diverse ions on the adsorption of analytes were studied. This procedure was applied for the analysis of two real samples. The recoveries in spiked samples were $90.4{\sim}104.3%$ for analytes.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2012

In this study, aluminum hydroxide ($Al(OH)_3$) was synthesized by Bayer process and sodium contained in $Al(OH)_3$ was removed with the acid solution such as HCl and acetic acid for the synthesis of high purity alumina. The bauxite produced in Queensland of Australia was used for the production of alumina by Bayer, and was crushed to a particle size of below 10 um by attrition mill. The crushed bauxite was treated in sodium hydroxide solution of 5 N for the elution of aluminum component. The elution of aluminum from bauxite was carried out at $140^{\circ}C$ and 3.4 atm in autoclave. The sample solution was separated to the red mud and liquid solution by filter paper. The elution of aluminum from bauxite was confirmed with changing a structure and aluminum content in both bauxite and red mud analyzed by XRD and EDX. Aluminum contained in the separated solution was crystallized to $Al(OH)_3$ with the addition of aluminum hydroxide used as the seed material. $Al(OH)_3$ powder obtained during the crystallization process was purified by several times washing with distillated water. It was also confirmed that the sodium remained in $Al(OH)_3$ powder is removed with acid solution. The purity of $Al(OH)_3$ powder produced in this study was 99.3% and the content of sodium was reduced to approximately 0.009% after the acid treatment.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.403-412
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• 2017

To investigate the control effect of insect pests by natural enemies, sticky traps were used in commercial tomato greenhouses in Chun-cheon and the experiment fields of Gangwon-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Republic of Korea using semi-forcing culture (February to June). We selected low toxicity pesticides, environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM), and natural enemies of the study species, combinations of which have been previously used in farms to control insect pests. In this study, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and thrips, which are major agricultural insect pests, were studied in experimental greenhouses. The adult T. vaporariorum population was observed in mid-April and the population of thrips showed occurrences in early April. Regarding seasonal fluctuation, T. vaporariorum peaked in mid-May and thrips peaked after June. one insecticide, spiromesifen suspension concentrate (SC); one fungicide, cyazofamid SC; and two EFAMs containing neem tree extract were shown to be slightly toxic to Encarsia formosa and Orius laevigatus. The results of this study could be used to develop management models using natural enemies of control the insect pests; T. vaporariorum and thrips in semi-forcing culture of tomato.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2013

Objectives : The present study examines the domestic trend of Osteoporosis studies in Korea. Method : We reviewed oriental medicine papers published in last ten years (2003-2012). Korean literature search was used for domestic Internet search portal. 'Naver specialized information retrieval', 'Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal', 'Korea Medical Information Portal (OASIS)',' Scientific and Technological Information Integration Services (NDSL)',' Academic Research Information Service (RISS)'as the primary destination of the search were. Since 2003 until 2012, the thesis o'f osteoporosis'and found 92 papers with the search term '(golwi)' to the search terms found in 3 papers Korean medical target of on going research trends in osteoporosis about investigated. Results : 1. We researched 95 papers in 15 journals and patterns of study were as follows : experimental studies were 79(83%), clinical studies were 12(13%), reviewed studies were 3(3%) and etc. were 1(1%). 2. The experimental studies(79) were divided into papers on efficiency testing of herbal medications(67) and herbal acupuncture(12). 3. The clinical studies(12) showed that research has been carried out in the fields of follow up surveys for the herbal medication efficiency testing, basic research, case report, the relativity of osteoporosis to age and sex, and the perception about osteoporosis and korean medicine treatment. 4. The reviewed studies showed that research has been carried out in the fields of osteoporosis about acient literature and domestic studies about herbal medication of osteoporosis. Conclusion : Reviewing the domestic trend of Osteoporosis studies and examining the strong and weak points of those treatments are essential for the future studies. It is anticipated that this review benefits the future in-depth study on the treatments for osteoporosis in Korean medicine.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.566-569
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• 2007

Purpose: Analysis of volatile organic solvents in 2-deoxy-2-$[^{18}F]$ fluoro-D-glucose ($[^{18}F]$FDG) preparations was performed by gas chromatography (GC), in accordance with USP. Materials and Methods: Analyses were carried out on a Hewlett-Packard 6890 gas chromatography equipped with an FID. Results: We determined the amounts of ethanol and acetonitrile on every batch of our routine $[^{18}F]$FDG preparations, ranging between 5000 ppm and 100 ppm. In our routine preparation of $[^{18}F]$FDG, the amount of acetonitrile and ethanol in the final product were well below the maximum allowable limit described in the USP. Conclusion: Our $[^{18}F]$FDG preparations were in accordance with the suggested USP maximum allowable levels of the quality control analysis of volatile organic compounds.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.285-288
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• 2020

The demand for coating technology on electric power equipment that has arisen from such issues regarding the attaching of illegal advertisements and posters to electric power distribution boxes such as TR, SW, etc. in down town areas seeks to produce functional coating surfaces using polymers and nano-materials that will result in improvements in self-cleaning performance and greater stability even under harsh environmental conditions. KEPCO-coatings consist of copolymerized acrylic resin and methacryl-modified reactive silicone that are able to chemically combine, which results in performance improvement without any leakage of of silicone, thus contributing to its properties of high-stability. Thus, the research team has also started long-term on-site testing on 9 electric power distribution spots around a city center in cooperation with the KEPCO Daeduck-yusung branch. The KEPCO-coating technology could advance the best coating materials and processes to meet appropriate circumstances for a variety of outdoor damage environment. It is also predicted that KEPCO could be possible to expand international electric maintenance markets and to arrange business platforms if KEPCO would achieve its original technology (IPs) by the means of upgrading in self-cleaning coating technology and obtaining long-term on-site test records from nationwide electric facilities.