• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.779-787
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the relationships among the middle-aged women's gender role conflict, resilience, and psychological well-being, and to examine the mediating model of resilience on gender role conflict and psychological well-being. Data were collected from July 28 to August 5, 2021 for 302 middle-aged women aged 40-65 years. The Gender Role Conflict Scale specialized for middle-aged Korean women, internal traits subscale of Ahn's Resilience Scales, and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale were used for this study. PROCESS Macro 3.5 Model 4 was used to analyze the mediating effect. Results revealed that the middle-aged women's gender role conflict was negatively correlated with resilience and psychological well-being. And, the middle-aged women's resilience was positively correlated with psychological well-being. Because both the direct effect of the middle-aged women's gender role conflict on psychological well-being and its indirect effect through resilience were statistically significant, it was found that the middle-aged women's resilience was partially mediating their gender role conflict and psychological well-being.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the sex role identity of children who are gifted in mathematics and sciences. In order to investigate the sex role identity types, Korean Sex Role Inventory was administered to 192 gifted and 128 normal children in elementary schools. The research findings are the followings: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in the sex role identity types between gifted boys and gifted girls. 2. There were statistically significant differences between gifted and normal groups. The gifted children are more androgynous and less undifferentiated than normal group. 3. Gifted boys were higher in androgyny and masculinity than the normal group. Gifted girls showed the same pattern.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 2014

This study aims to contribute to our knowledge on gender role identity of middle-aged women within the Korean context. This research adapting Q methodology created a sampling distribution of P with 40 middle-aged women between 40-60 years old. We put each of 40 Q samples to become a forced distribution into 9 scales. And then we conducted a secondary analysis of the results from the principal component factor analysis by the PC QUANL program. Gender role identities of middle aged women were classified as four types: "affectionate-sensitive type", "affectionate-confident type", "assertive-confident type", and "sensitive-dominant type". Most of the middle-aged women in Korea tend to keep their original gender role identities. Some of women, however, experience the gender role identity change over time that their traits of traditional caring become more prominent than their affectionate character.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.117-124
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the relationship among gender role conflict, military service planing and major satisfaction of male nursing students. Data were collected from October to December, 2018 and a total of 159 male nursing students participated in this study. The results showed that the gender role conflict was 2.75±0.62, the military service planing was 4.99±1.30, and the major satisfaction was 3.90±0.58. Gender role conflict, military service planing and major satisfaction have no significant correlation. This is inconsistent with the preceding study and requires replication study. Also it is necessary to develop an arbitration program that can form positive relationships with girls in order to reduce gender role conflict among male nursing students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.421-430
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• 2018

This study is a qualitative study using phenomenological methods that focus on the meaning of what individuals experience to understand the meaning of the gender role of women after childbirth. The participants of this study are 17 women who gave a birth from 8 weeks of the postpartum period to a year after the birth. Seven categories were derived from the results of analyzing the meaning of the gender roles of participants, and the seven categories are confirmed to be body changes and pain, just making me feel down, the difference between expectation and reality, isolation from husband and social network, thinking about my mother as a woman, the pain of body and mind sublimates, and convergence/dissociation between femininity and motherhood. This study is meaningful in that the results of this study provided information that would have a broader understanding of women's gender role after giving birth.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.260-269
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• 2013

Gender role identity is a key subject toward adaptation in later life. In this paper, we tried to understand the specific types and characteristics of gender role identity in view of older men. The research collected and examined 40 representative descriptions representing gender role identity, including 20 for masculinity and 20 for femininity from 40 older men. We obtained four types of gender role identity of older men from this research. "Powerful-expressive type" is energetic and reveals his brave and dominant tendency when they are working. "Powerful-taciturn type" is strongly independent and has a firm conviction, but they do not express those characters and remain silent. "Powerful-paternal type" handles his work with a driving force, and has a tender character. "Paternal-caring type" finds his own worth in life by caring for his family and children, and considers others more than himself. Future research is needed to verify how the types of gender role identity are linked to psychosocial adaptive aspects, health behaviors, mental and physical health.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.759-777
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of patriarchal attitudes on the relationship between family violence witness and dating sexual violence among Korean college students. The participants were 383 college student (193 males and 190 females) who had the experience of dating relationship. The psychological tests used in this research included the following: Witness of Family Violence, Patriarchal Attitudes, Dating Sexual Violence Experiences. In order to verify the models, goodness of fit and significant paths were verified through structural equation model(SEM). According to the results, family violence witness, itself, had influence on male students' dating sexual assault, and patriarchal attitudes caused by family violence witness had influence on dating sexual assault. Also, family violence witness had influence on female students' dating sexual violence, and patriarchal attitudes caused by family violence witness had influence on dating sexual violence.

• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.291-291
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• 2010

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.453-466
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• 2022

This study attempted to examine the role of gender roles in psychological distress of Korean adult men. Specifically, it was attempted to verify whether compliance with multidimensional male gender roles predicts psychological distress through gender role conflict. To this end, this study was conducted on 358 male participants aged 19 to 39 using the Korean Conformity to Masculine Norm Inventory, Korean Male Gender Role Conflict Scale, and General Health Questionnaire. As a result of the study, it was found that the influence on psychological distress through male gender role conflict was different depending on the sub-factors of the male gender norm. The sub-factors of masculine norms, 'power and control', 'job - independence', and 'emotion suppression', were statically predicted psychological distress through the medium of 'fear for femininity', which is a sub-factor of gender role conflict. Meanwhile, among the male norms, 'male leadership' and 'family support' had negative direct effects on psychological distress, and the indirect effects through gender role conflict were not significant. The results of this study suggest that the sub-factors of male norms have different functions for psychological distress, and in particular, the dysfunctional role of male norms can be caused by negative emotions about femininity during gender role conflict.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.4 s.76
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• pp.91-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trends in children's gender-role flexibility across different areas of gender-role concept(appearance, activities, occupations, personality trails). Participants included 74 children(1st, 3rd, 5th graders). They were interviewed on a series of 16 pictures depicting cross-gender characteristics. Analyses revealed that (a) flexibility reached its peak at around age 8, which then remained the same except in appearance, (b) girls showed higher flexibility than boys except in occupations, (c) children showed the lowest flexibility in appearance and the highest in occupations, (d) children showed the lowest flexibility toward a male target child with cross-gender characteristic, and (e) children's justifications for flexibility were varied according to the situations. The results suggest that children's gender-role flexibility is influenced by age, sex, areas of gender-role concept, and target persons.