• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.685-696
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• 2017

In the spatial image composition of a cathedral, light is the most important element of changing the mind through vision. The religious meaning of light and its impact on human sensibility are believed to be very large. Therefore, in this study, 'Illuminance' is the most important research subject of a cathedral's worship space lighting plan elements. Illuminance is expressed by giving the clarity and form of space through a subtle spatial composition difference. The role of illuminance is essential for confirming the existence of space, and lighting controls the spatial atmosphere at an appropriate level. The standard and range of illuminance are set through the synthesis and analysis of related standards. Based on this, a related case study was conducted on cathedrals built in the Gangnam area of Seoul in the 1980s. The lighting-related factors were analyzed and the illuminance of the liturgical space and worship area were measured. The appropriate level of applicability was confirmed by comparison analysis. A plan for the illuminance application levels and elements applied in the cathedral lighting design is proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.521-536
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• 2016

In Catholic Cathedrals, the Liturgy space is central to the worship of the church and the player. The composition of the liturgical space affects the sensitivity of the worshiper. Because this sensitivity is connected with the faith, it is a very important consideration for planning elements. In this study, the light sensitivity of the elements that identify the most important factors in changing the devotion and in liturgical space was planned to emphasize the role of light. Understanding the meaning and importance of the liturgical space determine the spatial phase and role. Therefore, to analyze the functional and emotional properties of the light, the properties, roles and conditions of the light were organized. The data was analyzed as the target of sensitivity to light. Through the case studies of light, the effectiveness and adequacy as well as the application conditions could be understood. The results obtained in this study suggest a plan for light elements applied in the liturgical space.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.241-244
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• 2004

전민동 성당은 얕은 팔각뿔대 형상의 지붕을 가진 팔각기둥의 형태로 재설계되었다. 팔각기둥의 형상은 마주보는 4쌍의 벽들로 인하여 공간에서 정상파가 발생하기 쉽고, 지붕 또한 둥근 형태로 음향 초점이 발생할 수 있는 등 여러가지 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 형태의 전민동 성당에 대하여 여러 가지 음향 인자들을 예측하였고, 예측치와 측정치를 비교하였다. 사용된 음장해석 프로그램은 $CATT^{TM}$이고 예측 또는 측정된 음향인자는 RT, D50, C80 등이다. 건축물만의 특성과 전기음향설비가 포함된 음향특성을 비교하기 위하여, 무지향성 스피커를 이용한 측정과 성당에 장착된 전기음향장치를 이용한 측정을 수행하였다. 공연장과 마찬가지로 성당의 신도석에서도 음이 고르게 분포되는 것이 바람직하며, 신도석에서의 음압분포를 예측과 측정을 통하여 비교하여 보았다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.164-174
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• 2009

Since the end of 19th century, The form and inner space for the religious ceremony; liturgical space of Catholic churches in Busan diocese have been changed as various styles by several outer and inner factors. The changing of historical, social, and religious environment, such as Opening Harbor, Japanese Occupation, Korean War & Rehabilitation Period, and Vatican II are generally regarded as main outer factors, and the locality that lay behind the flux of those events is considered as the main inner factor. The former has usually operated as a momentum for showing general trend of Catholic church, while the latter has made local singularity expressed as unusual style and somewhat modified liturgical space compared with Its contemporary churches. In the context, this paper attempt to analyze the transformation process of style and liturgical space of Catholic churches in Busan diocese focused on revealing local singularity with main five churches, Bumil Church, Samrangjin Church, Milyang Church, Jungang Church, and Dongrae Church, constructed between the end of 19th century and 1962.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Liturgical space is the most important in the spaces of catholic church architecture. But Since 1980's, korea catholic church has concentrated on functionality, decoration and sensuous expression. Thus this study analyzed the catholic liturgical space for reinforcing the present status of catholic church through Pyeongtaek district's parish in Diocese of Suwon. Although there are many compositional elements in catholic liturgical space, this study focused on the figures of church plane, the arrangement of nave's chair, the condition of sanctuary and the place of sacristy etc. Though there are many changes in composition elements of liturgical space by the 2nd Council of the Vatican, composition elements of site(shape, price, access road, area etc.) have an effect on liturgical space, too. But up to now, despite the necessity of the principles of liturgical space which are yet to be lacked.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

This Study is concerned with the Design Characteristics of Korean, Chinese and Japanese brick church architecture. The main subject of the study is to investigate the commonness and difference between Korean, Chinese and Japanese brick church architecture in the early stage(1880-1920). In carrying this study into execution, I examined the architectural and historical backgrounds based on the preceding research works, and analysed the plan, the spacial composition, design elements, techniques and materials, etc. The result of this study is as follows ; The basic concept of composition of space is same in order to embody the Basilican space, but the inner elevation and detail of brick structure is different. Chinese churches are more close to Western basilican style church in the point of shape and plan, but in the point of inner elevation and decoration of church, Japanese churches are more close to Western style church. Korean churches are in the middle of its. There are different attitudes of naturalization of western church architecture in Korea, China and Japan.

• Korean Architects
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• no.3 s.323
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• pp.88-89
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• 1996

현 포이동 성당은 가설건물로 지어져 있어 교우들의 신앙생활과 천교활동에 적지않은 어려움이 있었다. 천주교 서울대교구 포이동 교회는 이에 대지를 보다 효율적으로 활용하고 적절한 공간으로 새로이 조성할 목적으로 현상설계경기를 실시, 지난해 6월 최종 당선작을 확정, 발표하였다. 총 15개 사무소가 참여한 이번 설계경기의 최우수작에는 연미건축(손웅익)안이 선정되었다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2015

Liturgical space of Catholic churches should be equal conditions for everyone who wants to participate in the liturgy. However liturgical space is standardized for healthy adults without considering the elderly and the disabled. This study intended to suggest the guidelines required for the construction of Catholic churches from the perspective of universal design for all believers to equally participate in liturgy. The results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of the analysis of the liturgical spaces in six Catholic churches from the perspective of universal design, although the principle of universal design was not appropriately applied to all liturgical spaces of a Catholic church, there were cases where it was appropriately applied in part to each of the Catholic churches. Therefore, this study suggested the examples of exemplary installation by space, which is considered to be the materials that can be referenced and utilized when planning the liturgical spaces in the Catholic churches from the perspective of universal design. Second, the obligations required by the building regulations were installed in six cases, but the application of the universal design was insufficient in other spaces. Therefore, more careful consideration for users is considered necessary during space planning. Third, the construction of Catholic churches should be planned, taking into account the liturgical law; for this purpose, the provision of the guidelines for Catholic architectural planning further than the guidelines for architecture by each diocese is necessary. At this time, the collaboration between the Catholic officials and the architects and designers with knowledge of Catholic doctrine is required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.532-534
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• 2000

복합적인 감성기반 영상 검색 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 감성속성으로 영상을 찾는 검색은 물론이고, 주어진 영상의 감성특성을 알아내는 과정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 영상의 특성으로부터 감성을 매핑하는 신경망을 구축하고 다양한 실험으로 그 가능성을 보인다. 여기에서 영상특징으로 웨이블렛계수와 위치정보를 사용했고, 감성공간으로는 SD법으로부터 14개의 형용사쌍을 추출했다. 이 두 공간의 매핑에 사용된 신경망의 입력으로 영상에서 얻은 RGB 색상당 36개의 총 108개의 웨이블렛 개수를 사용했고, 출력은 14개의 감속속성당 7등급으로 총 98개로 구성했다. 총 6명이 영상을 보고 평가한 감성평가데이터중에서 2명이 각각 평가한 데이터로 신경망을 학습시키고 나머지 10개로 테스트한 경우는 90%이상의 인식률을 보였다. 4명이 각각 90개씩 평가한 데이터로 신경망을 학습시키고 나머지 10개로 테스트한 경우는 90%의 인식률을 보였다. 또한 공통된 감성을 신경망을 통해 인식할 수 있는지 판단하기 위해 600개씩 2명으로부터 얻은 1200개의 데이터에 대해서 1000개를 학습시키고 200개를 테스트하고, 100개씩 4명으로부터 데이터에 대해서 360개를 학습시키고 40개를 테스트해 본 결과, 전자의 경우 오류율 8, 후자의 경우 0.7~0.8 범위였다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

Guarini's architectural contribution has simply focused on the dome structure that has been known to us; however, his geometric and spatial construction has been overlooked so far Through this study, it has been demonstrated that the dome structure was simply part of geometrical forms that Guarini wanted to express ultimately and it functioned as a geometrical element such as the network combined with the entire spatial structure. The purpose of this study is to reevaluate Guarini's architectural thought by means of investigating the ultimate principles of spatial composition appeared in the late Baroque architecture through the analysis of the principles of spatial composition and organized formal Idioms by Guarini's geometrical concepts. Besides, it has been assumed that such geometrical concepts by Guarini's mathematical proportion and his reiteration and change of diagrams could be clearly distinguished from the Classical geometry in the Renaissance and Guarini. suggested a way to create a new space through more active and amusing application and transformation. In this aspect, Guarini's principles of geometric composition will be one of the role models that need to be seriously reconsidered in chaotic reality of modern architecture.