• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.365-372
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop FVU, which enables teachers effectively to construct self-page on the screen, to reduce the size of file for teaching, and to correct many different kinds of event which was already made in the previous. The instrument used in the development of this Editor is UML(Unified Modeling Language), which is object-oriented methodology. The Authoring tool developed in this study is named FVU. The first page which is needed in class can be constructed by using VUEditor in FVU. Using VUEditor can get Instructional Syllabus exported into VUAuthor through Vector-transformation. Through this procedure, the size of image file comes to be reduced into forming low band width, which results in solving the problem of network traffic. Also, Instructor can create image, shape and text, and delete and correct errors or mistakes which make in the course of constructing materials for teaching. In conclusion, this VUEditor enables program designer to construct the first page, even without using such applied program as Image Tool and Power Point. This VUEditor makes instructor to make some contents for teaching easily.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.416-428
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• 2014

This study aimed to identify middle school students' perceptions and practices of handwriting, and factors affecting their attitudes towards handwriting. Data were collected by means of a survey targeting 346 students enrolled in 9 middle schools(Male=172, Female=172, Unknown=2, M=13.5 years old, SD= .94). Interviews, too, were conducted with 12 students in order to identify the students' perceptions of handwriting. The analyses of both survey and interview data revealed the following: (1) the majority of the interviewee students believed that handwriting is useful for memory and summarization so as to get a better school grade, including performance evaluations; (2) Many of the interviewee students were unsatisfied with their handwriting skills, giving higher scores to their peers' handwriting; (3) 45.7% of the students reported that mother was the one who taught them how to write for the first time; and 49.7% of them had no learning experience of taking notes; (4) Girls than boys and 1st graders than 2 or 3 graders showed more positive attitude towards handwriting; and (5) A multiple regression analysis showed that all the variables entered in the regression model, including sex, grade, affective attitude toward hands-on activities, physical abilities, time spent using a computer, and perceptions of Korean characters, had significant impacts on the students' attitudes towards handwriting.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.351-370
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the modes of visualization which appears in the process of thinking that mathematically gifted 6th grade students get to understand components of the three-dimensional shapes on the duality of regular polyhedrons, find the duality relation between the relations of such components, and further explore on whether such duality relation comes into existence in other regular polyhedrons. The results identified in this study are as follows: First, as components required for the process of exploring the duality relation of polyhedrons, there exist primary elements such as the number of faces, the number of vertexes, and the number of edges, and secondary elements such as the number of vertexes gathered at the same face and the number of faces gathered at the same vertex. Second, when exploring the duality relation of regular polyhedrons, mathematically gifted students solved the problems by using various modes of spatial visualization. They tried mainly to use visual distinction, dimension conversion, figure-background perception, position perception, ability to create a new thing, pattern transformation, and rearrangement. In this study, by investigating students' reactions which can appear in the process of exploring geometry problems and analyzing such reactions in conjunction with modes of visualization, modes of spatial visualization which are frequently used by a majority of students have been investigated and reactions relating to spatial visualization that a few students creatively used have been examined. Through such various reactions, the students' thinking in exploring three dimensional shapes could be understood.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.423-434
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate preservice earth science teachers' mental models through applications of Coriolis force experiment apparatus. After the root of preconception was examined by face to face interviews based on the questionnaire, five preservice earth science teachers were finally selected for this study. The mental models about concept of Coriolis force was classified into naive mental model, static unstable mental model, dynamic unstable mental model, and scientific mental model through the result of individual interviews and their drawings. According to the mental model analysis about Coriolis' force conception, students C and M showed naive mental model about concept of Coriolis force before experiment. After the experiment, student M's model changed to static unstable mental model. Student C's model improved to dynamic unstable mental model. In adiition, students D and O's model improved from static unstable mental model to dynamic unstable mental model. In the case of student B, the dynamic unstable mental model was maintained after the experiment, however, student B's preconception changed to scientific concept. It turned out that a change occurred from low mental model level to integrated mental model after the application of the developed Coriolis' force experiment apparatus. According to the results, national curriculum is similar to static unstable mental model and the result of developed Coriolis' force experiment apparatus is similar to dynamic unstable mental model. It is suggested that it become the theoretical foundation to develop more comfortable and advanced Coriolis force experiment apparatus by improving the experiment apparatus.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.525-537
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate science integrated process skill of the students in science education center for the gifted. In order to do this, 'free-response test for the assessment of science process skills' developed by Yu-Hyang Kim(2013) was administered to 102 students(15 in elementary school science class, 58 in middle school science class I, and 29 in middle school science class II) who attend the program of science education center for the gifted in C university. The assessment tool measured 9 skills ; formulating inquiry questions, recognizing variables, formulating hypotheses, designing experiment, transforming data, interpreting data, drawing conclusions, formulating generalizations, and evaluating the designed experiments. As a result, the students in science education center for the gifted had relatively high scores in the area of 'formulating hypotheses' and 'recognizing variables', but they had relatively low scores in the area of 'transforming data', 'interpreting data', and 'evaluating the designed experiments'. The 2 items' percentage of correct answers were below 40% ; one is about a drawing a line graph in 'transforming data', and the other requires finding improvements of the experimental design in 'evaluation'. There was no significant difference between boys' scores and girls's one, and between the scores of students in the field of biology and those of students in the other fields(physics, chemistry, and earth science) in science integrated process skills. And there was significant difference according to the periods receiving the gifted education in 'formulating generalizations'. The teaching and learning has to focus on improving science integrated process skills in the program of science education center for the gifted and teaching and learning materials needs to be developed.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficacy and feasibility of adaptive radiotherapy according to tumor volume change (TVC) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Twenty-two lesions previously treated with SBRT were selected. SBRT was usually performed with a total dose of 48 Gy or 60 Gy in four fractions with an interval of three to four days between treatments. For evaluation of TVC, gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured on each cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image used for image guidance. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning was performed in the first CBCT (CBCT1) using a baseline plan. For ART planning (ART), re-optimization was performed at $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, and $4^{th}$ CBCTs (CBCT2, CBCT3, and CBCT4) using the same angle and constraint used for the baseline plan. The ART plan was compared with the non-ART plan, which generated copying of the baseline plan to other CBCTs. Average GTV volume was 10.7 cc. Average TVC was -1.5%, 7.3%, and -25.1% in CBCT2, CBCT3, and CBCT4 and the TVC after CBCT3 was significant (p<0.05). However, the nine lesions were increased GTV in CBCT2. In the ART plan, $V_{20\;Gy}$, $D_{1500\;cc}$, and $D_{1000\;cc}$ of lung were significantly decreased (p<0.05), and $V_{30\;Gy}$ and $V_{32\;Gy}$ of the chest wall were also decreased (p<0.05). While D min of planning target volume (PTV) decreased by 8.3% in the non-ART plan of CBCT2 compared with the baseline plan in lesions with increased tumor size (p=0.021), PTV coverage was not compromised in the ART plan. Based on this result, use of the ART plan may improve target coverage and OAR saving. Thus ART using CBCT should be considered in early stage NSCLC with SBRT.