• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.26 no.4 s.73
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• pp.203-207
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• 1987

Studies were conducted to investigate the race distribution of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) in Korea. The results are abstracted as follows. The soybean cyst nematode populations collected from Kangwon Province were identified as races 1 and 3; the nematode populations collected from Kyunggi Province were identified as race 3, 5 and c and those collected from Chungnam Province were identified as races 1 and 5. From the total 21 populations 11 populations or 52.4% of the total were race 1; 6 populations or 28.6% of the total were race 5; 3 populations or 14.3% of the total were race 3 and one population or 4.8% of the total were race c. Soybean cyst nematode populations from the same district, at least from the same 'myeon' district were identified as same race. Of these 4, race 3 has not been recorded in Korea yet.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.347-355
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• 2006

Possible nematicidal effects of plant extracts of 25 species uninfected by M. hapla were observed at the 5 times dilutions in all treatments and at the 10 times dilutions in Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Acorus calamus, Achyranthes japonica, Agrimonia pilosa, Dianthus chinensis, Geum aleppicum, Houttuynia cordate, Rudbeckia bicolor, Ricinus communis, Scrophularia buergeriana, Sesamum iindicum, Sedum kamtschaticum, and Sanguisorba officinalis. The 13 species plant extracts of 5 times dilutions were evaluated for the suppression effects on reducing densities of M. hapla by treating to C. lanceolata sown and transplanted later in pots. All the plant extracts showed suppressive effects on M. hapla except for.A. pilosa. The suppressive effects of A. asphodeloides, A. japonica, A. calamus, D. chinensis, R. communis, and S. buergeriana were over 80%. When the selected plants had been incorporated into the soil before C. lanceolata was sown, the numbers of root galls, egg sacs and $J_{2}$ appeared lower in the treatment of 12 plant species than in control except for S. indicum. But the suppressive effects were lower than the effects of selected plants being cultivated simultaneously in the field. A. calamus and A. japonica exhibited over 70% suppressive effects, among the tested plants.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2000

- Turfgrass insect pests and natura.l enemies for biological control were investigated to develop pest management effectively in golf courses at several golf clubs. Twenty eight insect pest species of 10 families in 6 orders were collected from golf courses. The zoysiagrass mite, Eriophyes zoysiae and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita were also collected from zoysiagrass. White grubs of several scarab beetles and cutworms (Agrotis spp.) damaged seriously at most surveyed golf clubs. In addition, bluegrass webworm (Crambus sp.), Japanese lawngrass cutworm (Spodoptera depravata), scale insects, Tipula sp., and ants (Camponitus japonicus, Formica japonica, and Lasins japonicus) damaged turfgrasses directly or indirectly in golf courses. The entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., Steinernema glaseri, and S. longicaudum, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and milky disease, Paenibacil/us popil/iae were isolated from white grubs or turfgrass soil as microbial control agents. Besides, dipteran predators, Cophinopoda chinensis, Philonicus albiceps, and Promachus yesonicus and hymenopteran parasitoid, Tiphia sp. were also collected. The P. yesonicus was the most active in golf courses. The root-knot nematode, M. incognita was found from Zoysia japonica, Z. matrella. and Cynodon dactylon.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2001

Entomopathogenic nematodes were effective in the control of the cotton caterpillar, Palpita indica Saunder. P. indica mortality was significantly different depending on nematode species, treatment concentration, and instar. S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was more effective against P. indica than S. glaseri Dongrae strain, S. longicaudum Nonsan strain, Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan isolate, and H. bacteriophora Hamyang strain. When S. carpocapsae was treated with the rate of > 20 infective juveniles (ijs)/larva, mortality was ca. 100% at the 1st-4th instars of P. indica in 72h. $LC_{50}$ of entomopathogenic nematodes were significantly different depending on nematode species. The lowest $LC_{ 50}$ value was obtained by S. carpocapsae with 4.9-8.2 ijs in the 1st-prepupa while the highest $LC_{50}$ by Heterorhabditis sp. with 5.5-21.9 ijs, the shortest LT$_{50}$ value of P. indica was induced by S. carpocapsae when 20 ijs/larva were inoculated. The $LT_{50}$ s were 3.4-9.2h against the 1st-prepupa. The mortality of P. indica in fields was significantly different depending on field condition, nematode concentration, and leaf location. Mortality of P. indica by S. carpocapsae was higher at greenhouse,$ 3$\times$10^{9}$ ijs/ha and upper leaves than at field, 1$\times$10$^{9}$ ijs/ha and lower and middle leaves, respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

Powdery mildew and root-knot nematode are very important diseases occurred in cucurbits. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of commercial cucurbit cultivars (21 cultivars of cucumber, 9 cultivars of watermelon, 7 cultivars of oriental melon, and 2 cultivars of melon) to powdery mildew and root-knot nematode. At 60 days after transplanting, disease severity of powdery mildew of commercial cucurbit cultivars was investigated. Two cucumber cultivars, 'Gangryeogsamcheok' and 'Sunhobaegchimdadagi' were moderately resistant but the rest of cucumber cultivars were susceptible to powdery mildew. All examined watermelon and oriental melon cultivars were susceptible to powdery mildew, while two melon cultivars ('PMR Turbo' and 'PMR Victory') were resistant. At 45 days after inoculation of seedlings, disease severity of root-knot nematode of commercial cucurbit cultivars were investigated. One cucumber cultivars, 'Baegbongdadagi' was moderately resistant and the others were susceptible to root-knot nematode. In case of watermelon, 'Dalgonakkul' was resistant and the others were moderately resistant or susceptible to root-knot nematode. All examined oriental melon and melon cultivars were susceptible to root-knot nematode. On these results, we recommend that resistant cultivars to powdery mildew and/or root-knot nematode will be more suitable in cultivation of cucurbits for organic farming.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2021

Root-knot disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita is major soil pathogen and cause severe economic damages to vegetable crops. In this study, we selected rhizobacteria for biocontrol of the root-knot nematode, M. incognita, and identified; performed bioassay of the bacterial extracts in cucumber seedlings. The crude extracts of strains CT16 and JC05 out of 180 strains inhibited egg hatching and increased juvenile mortality in vitro assay; based on 16S rRNA sequences analysis, the two strains were identified as Bacillus sp. CT16, and Neobacillus sp. JC05. After extracting the bacterial supernatants by using various organic solvents, n-butanol and n-hexane extracts of strain CT16 and n-butanol extract of strain JC05 showed inhibitory activity of egg hatching depending on concentrations. Subsequently, n-butanol extracts of two strains significantly suppressed formation of egg masses in cucumber seedling. Therefore, these results indicated that strains CT16 and JC05 could be used as potential biocontrol agents against M. incognita.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.193-197
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• 1981

Nematode destroying-fungi from ginseng field were isolated and then identified on 2% wateragar and malt extract agar media. 1. Six strains of Arthrobotrys sp. and three strains of Harposporium sp. were isolated and identified. 2. Arthrobotrys sp. formed trapping apparatus when they were cultured with Nematode and appeared to be destroying fungi. 3. Harposporium sp. appeared to be endoparasitic fungi. 4. Both Arthrobotrys sp. and Harposporium sp. were grown well on nutrient agar and malt extract agar.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.350-359
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• 1995

Among recent materials identified from Korea two species of Criconematoidea are different from described forms: Criconemella hawangiensis is larger and has a longer stylet than C. paragoodey, head an tail annuli also differ. Hemicycliophora parajuglandis has an outbulging lip area that sits like a hemicircle on the head and pushed the lateral head side inwards; morphology and measurements correspond to H. juglandis and also to H. koreana. Hemicycliophora epichoroides is newly recorded from Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1991.05a
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• pp.90-91
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• 1991

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

The size of infective $Steinernema$ $arenarium$ juveniles is variable and ranges from 724 to 1408 ${\mu}m$. Effects of harvest time and infective juvenile size on pathogenicity, development, and reproduction were examined in the last instar of the great wax moth, $Galleria$ $mellonella$. Harvest time of infective juveniles (IJs) of $S.$ $arenarium$ affected pathogenicity. IJs harvested at the 10th day from trapping were more pathogenic than those harvested the 3rd day from trapping. Mortality of $G$. mellonella also depending on harvest time, $i.e$, 100% died within 48h when IJs were harvested at the 10th day, without relation to size. However, mortality was 40% in the small size group (SSG) compared with 18% in the large size group (LSG) within 48h when IJs were harvested at the 3rd day. Establishment of $S.$ $arenarium$ within the host was different depending on IJ size. The number of established IJs was 1.8 in the SSG, 3.3 in the LSG, and 3.2 in the mixed size group (MSG) when IJs were harvested at the 3rd day, and 5.3 in the SSG, 7.4 in the LSG, and 7.6 in the MSG when IJs were harvested at the 10th day. The length of the female adult was 7,070.5 ${\mu}m$ in the SSG and 7,893.9 ${\mu}m$ in the LSG and that of the male was 1,460.5 ${\mu}m$ in the SSG and 1,688.2 ${\mu}m$ in the LSG when IJs were harvested at the 3rd day. The length of the female adult was 7,573.6 ${\mu}m$ in the SSG and 8,305.4 ${\mu}m$ in the LSG and that of the male adult was 1,733.4 ${\mu}m$ in the SSG and 1,794.4 ${\mu}m$ in the LSG when IJs were harvested at the 10th day. Harvest time and size of IJs did not influence numbers of progeny or size of IJS.