• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.2 s.35
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• pp.89-98
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• 1978

A study on the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) affecting economic crops in Korea was undertaken to know the distribution of the nemic fauna. Total 66 samples were taken from soil and root of 24 host plants at different localities in 4 provinces. Four Meloidogyne species such as Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica were identified and some morphological characteristics were described. One of these, Meloidogyne javanica was reported newly in Korea from Horticultural Experimental Station, Suweon, Gyeong Gi on potato, Geomsadong, Daegu on chinese cabbage, Sangeogdong, Daegu, Gyeong Bug on violet and Choeumri, Namhae, Gyeong Nam on pumpkin. In Jae Ju province, Meloidogyne incognita was only found except the other three species. The most common and widely distributed Meloidogyne species in Korea is Meloidogyne hapla by $50\%$ in total, next Meloidogyne incognita $33.3\%$ Meloidogyne arenaria $10.6\%$ Meloidogyne javanica $6.0\%$ in turn, The root-knot nematodes infected the most severely in Jae Ju province and Gyeong Nam, Gyeong Bug and Gyeong Gi province in turn. Twenty four plants were attacked by root-knot nematodes among them important economic crops are soybean, peanut, potato, tomato, cucumber, carrot, pumpkin, wateremelon, edible burdock, pepper, eggplant, cabbage, lettuce and tobacco in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.447-456
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• 2008

Five effective strains against tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Steinernema carpocapsae (GSN1), Steinernema sp. (GSNUS-10), Steinernema sp. (GSNUS-14), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hamyang (HbH), and Heterorhabditis sp. (GSNUH-1) were selected among 14 isolates of Korean entomopathogenic nematode in laboratory tests. $LC_{50}$ values of above five strains against tobacco cutworm were various by different nematode strains and developmental stages of tobacco cutworm. $LC_{50}$ value of S. carpocapsae (GSN1) was the lowest by $4.0{\sim}8.3$ infective juveniles (Ijs) and 2nd instars of tobacco cutworm was most susceptible. Pathogenicity of five effective strains against tobacco cutworm depends on nematode strain, concentration, and application times. The most effective strain was determined as S. carpocapsae (GSN1). Two or three times of applications were effective regardless of nematode strain, or concentration. Efficacy of S. carpocapsae (GSN1), Steinernema (GSNUS-10), Steinernema (GSNUS-14), and Heterorhabditis (GSNUH-1) was variable depending on nematode strain, concentration, application times, and host variety. S. carpocapsae (GSN1) was the most effective and inoculation of 100,000 infective juveniles per m2 (720,000 Ijs/7.2 $m^2=1{\times}10^9$ Ijs/ha) resulted in higher efficacy. Three times of application of nematodes led to higher control efficacy than one or two applications. Efficacy of nematodes was higher on Chinese cabbage than cabbage or kale.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2000

- Turfgrass insect pests and natura.l enemies for biological control were investigated to develop pest management effectively in golf courses at several golf clubs. Twenty eight insect pest species of 10 families in 6 orders were collected from golf courses. The zoysiagrass mite, Eriophyes zoysiae and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita were also collected from zoysiagrass. White grubs of several scarab beetles and cutworms (Agrotis spp.) damaged seriously at most surveyed golf clubs. In addition, bluegrass webworm (Crambus sp.), Japanese lawngrass cutworm (Spodoptera depravata), scale insects, Tipula sp., and ants (Camponitus japonicus, Formica japonica, and Lasins japonicus) damaged turfgrasses directly or indirectly in golf courses. The entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., Steinernema glaseri, and S. longicaudum, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and milky disease, Paenibacil/us popil/iae were isolated from white grubs or turfgrass soil as microbial control agents. Besides, dipteran predators, Cophinopoda chinensis, Philonicus albiceps, and Promachus yesonicus and hymenopteran parasitoid, Tiphia sp. were also collected. The P. yesonicus was the most active in golf courses. The root-knot nematode, M. incognita was found from Zoysia japonica, Z. matrella. and Cynodon dactylon.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 1988

Nematophagous fungi were successfully isolated by baited plating, centrifugation technique of soil, and direct isolation from naturally ingested nematodes. Predominant seven fungi isolated were identified as Artheobotrys arthroboteyides, A.conoides, A. oligospora, Dactylella lobata, Fusatium oxysporum, Monacrosporium ellopsoporum and Harposporium anguillu-lae. Of these, six fungi were tested for cultural characteristics except. H, anguillulae, extre-mely fastidious fungus in artificial media. Among 14 media tested in this experiment, Corn-meal Agar (CMA) and Oatmeal Agar (OMA) were the most suitable media for growing all six nematophagous fungi. Weakly saprophytic M. ellipsospoyum also grew vigoroualy on these two media. The radial growth, dry weight and sporulation of the fungi tested were quite diverse depending on the culture media. D. lobata revealed good growth and abundantly sporulated on Glucoes Peptone Agar (GPA). Although over-all growth of F, oxysporum was not satisfactory on Sucrose Nitrate Agar (SNA), the sporulation was best on this medium. Optimum conditious for mycelial growth and sporulation of nematophagous fungi ranged pH 5-8 and 20-$30^{\circ}C$ on SNA. D. lobata and F, oxysporum grew vigorously and most profusely sporulated on all media tested. They turned out an most promising biocontrol agents for their aggressive growth and sporulation over the ranges of temperature and pH ranges.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.10 no.3 s.90
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• pp.82-89
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• 1989

포도는 생육기간중 뿐만 아니라 수확후 저장, 수송중에도 많은 종류의 병에 의하여 피해를 받아 수확량이 감소되고 품질이 저하된다. 각종 병에 의한 수확량 감소는 해마다 차이가 있으나 외국의 경우 일반적으로 약 $5\%$정도의 수확량이 감소되는 것으로 추측되고 있고 기상환경이 적합하여 병이 대발생할 경우에는 수확량이 $20\~80\%$ 감소된다는 보고도 있다. 이러한 심각한 손실을 일으키는 병들의 병원균은 크게 곰팡이, 세균, 바이러스, 선충으로 구분될 수 있는데 지역에 따라 존재하는 병원균의 종류, 재배품종들의 각종 병에 대한 감수성 정도, 그리고 기상환경에 따라 각 포도원에서 발생되는 병의 종류와 병 발생량에 차이가 있다. 우리나라에서 발생되는 포도병은 18종이 기록되어 있는데 여기서는 곰팡이에 의한 병인 흰가루병, 노균병, 탄저병, 흑두병, 잿빛곰팡이병의 발생생태와 방제법에 관하여 알아본다.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 1996

This study was carried out to select proper intercrops in peony cultivation because peo­ny is damaged easily by disease and cannot make proper income with it's single crop system, so it needs rational intercropping system to raise it's productivity and income. The results of this study are as follows. The kinds of soil nematodes were Meloidogyne sp, Pratyienchus sp, Aphelenchoides sp, Ditylenchus sp, Xiphinema sp, and damaging dominant nematode was Meloidogyne sp. The density of Meloidogyne sp wa suppressed remarkably in the combination of peony+sesame, and peony + job's tears. This study shows that sesame and job's tear were most resistant crops to the IvIeloi­dogyne sp. The quanity of herbaceous peony was the best in the combination of peony+red pepper. The results of income analysis per lOa for three years shows next conclusion. Peony+red pepper combination and peony+ sesame combination were most effective when it's compared with single cropping of peony (1,490 thousand won). But red pepper was damaged easily by soil nematode, therefore, sesame was the most stable and high yield crop as a intercrop in the cultivation of herbaceous peony.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 1995

Pathogenicity of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes against local insect pests was different depending on strains or target-insect pests. Mortalities of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella larvae were 51.8%, 77.8%, 96.3% or 100% in Hanrim Steinernema sp. and 50.0%, 74.1%, 96.3% or 98.1% in Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp. on filter paper when larvae were exposed to 3, 6, 12, or 24 nematodes per larva. Mortalities of them on kale leaves at the same concentration were 44.4%, 63.0%, 76.1%, or 94.5% in Hanrim Steinernema sp. and 79.7%, 81.6%, 94.4%, or 100% in Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp., respectively. In field test, control value of Hanrim Steinernema sp. was 72.0% and that of Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp. was 84.1% in 14 days when 300,000 nematodes were sprayed to each plot ($13.27\m^2$). Although mortalities of rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis larvae showed no difference at high concentration, Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp. (47.3~100%) was more effective than Hanrim Steinernema sp. (34.3~83.3%) at low concentration, 50~200 nematodes/ml. When chestnut curculio, Curculio sikkimensis larvae were treated with Sancheong Steinernema sp. and Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp., respectively. When pellucid zygaenid, Pryeria sinica larvae were exposed to nematodes, Pocheon Steinernema sp. was effective ranging from 96.7% to 100% but mortalities of them were 63.3~76.7% in Dongrae Steinernema sp..

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 1963

최근 농작물에 대한 각종 선충류의 피해가 주목되어 있는 실성에 비추어 필자는 선충류연구의 기초적 과제로서 온실내의 화훼류 근부에서 발견되는 선충류 중 농업상 비교적 중요하다고 인정되는 종류와 그밖에 몇 종류에 대하여 형태적인 특징을 기술하였다. 즉 취급된 종류들은 다음과 같다. 1. Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood 2. Scutellonema coheni Andrassy 3. Paurodontus gracilis Thorne 4. xiphinema americaum Cobb 5. Rhabditis sp 6. Cephalobus sp 7, Diplogaster sp 그리고 이상 7종류의 기주식물 및 기생정도를 보면 Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood는 Begonia에 만 기생하였고 그밖에 화훼류에는 기생을 볼수 없었다. Scutellonema choeni Andrassy는 꽃치자, 소펄, 이마리 리스, 제브리나에 가장 많이 발견되었고, Paurodonthus gracilis Thorne는 동백나무, 청목. 지내고사리, 카네이션, 충에서 가장 많이 발견되었다. 그리고 Xiphinema americanum Coob는 산호수, 서향, 코피나무, 시크라맨, 용설란, 동백 등에서만 발견되었으나 그중에 용설란, 동백에서 가장 많이 볼 수 있었다. Rhabditis sp.는 초본류 화훼류의 대부분에서 발견되었으나 그중에도 산세배리아에서 가장 많았다 Diplogaster sp는 대부분의 화훼류에서 발견되었으며 그중에 크로톤에 비교적 많았다. Cephalobus sp.는 전반적으로 발견되었으며 발견정도는 모두 비슷하였다. Monhystera app. , Mononchus spp. , Dorylaimus app. 등도 조사란 과반수의 화훼류들에서 발견되었으나 특히 많이 발견되는 화훼류는 없었다. 이상 선충류중 근류를 형성하여 피해가 가장 주목되는 Mceloidogyne arenaris Chitwood에 대해서 온실내에서 그의 유일한 기주식물인 Begonia의 품종별 기생정도를 비교조사한 결과 semperflorens 품종에 가장 기생률이 높았고 metarica 품종은 중정도였으며 erytholopylla와 argento-guttata 품종들에는 기생이 없었다. 이 점은 매우 의의있는 사실로서 앞으로 더욱 연구할 과제로 삼았다. 끝으로 Sanceberia에서 많이 발견되는 Rhabditis sp를 $18^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$의 동온도별의 incubator에서 사육한 결과 본 종의 생육적온이 $30^{\circ}C$라는 사실을 알았다.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.295-298
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• 2014

Finless porpoise is the one of porpoises in Korean waters that frequently observed in the coastal area. This study reported parasite infection cases of stranded finless porpoise, Neophocaena asiaeorientalis which was stranded on the Saemangeum Dyke on the west coast of Korea 21 May, 2012. The finless porpoise was male, and estimated at 8 years old. Parasites were found in abdominal cavity, skull and lung. The parasites were identified as nematode, trematoda and lungworm. Nematoda in abdominal cavity was Crassicauda sp. Trematoda found in the skull was indentified Nasitrema sp. Lungworm in lung seemed one of genus Pseudaliids. Anisakis spp. has not been found.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.144-150
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop the soil amendment practice by phosphate solubilizing bacteria application in greenhouse chrysanthemum cultivation area with high salt accumulation. The experimental site (ShinWoo Flower, GwangJu) has been cultivated chrysanthemum for 15 years and showed significant salt accumulation. The phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas putida (KSJ11), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (KSJ3) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (WP20) formulated on vermiculite for easy use, were applicated. Each 250L of phosphate solubilizing bacteria was applied for $82m^2$ before planting. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (KSJ3; WP20) increased the amount of soluble phosphorus in an effective level. Particularly, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (WP20) increased not only the level of soluble phosphorus but also potassium, calcium and magnesium resulting in the increase of EC in the soil. The level of nematode was also decreased with the non-treated increased. As a result, we suggest that selected phosphate solubilizing bacteria (WP20) could be a useful practice for soil amendment in chrysanthemum plantation soil and provided an opportunity to reduce the use of the fertilizer during the cultivation period.