• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.146-155
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• 2020

This study was to evaluate the usefulness of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as a surrogate marker predicting metabolic syndrome. 7,155 non obese men over the age of 20 were studied as subjects. The criteria for diagnosing MetS were the National Cholesterol Education Program - Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III). The risk of developing MetS according to GGT was conducted logistic regression analysis, and the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was obtained to confirm GGT ability to predict the risk of MetS. Regardless of age and body mass index, MetS had a 7.09 times higher risk of onset in the fourth quartile than in the first quartile of GGT (p<0.001). The AUC (area under the curve) of GGT for the diagnosis of MetS was 0.715, and the cutoff value of GGT was 40.0 U/L, the sensitivity was 65.0%, and the specificity was 70.2%. Therefore, GGT is considered to be a useful diagnostic index for diagnosing MetS.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2022

The main purpose of this work was to restore the blurry chest CT images by applying a blind deconvolution algorithm. In general, image restoration is the procedure of improving the degraded image to get the true or original image. In this regard, we focused on a blind deblurring approach with chest CT imaging by using digital image processing in MATLAB, which the blind deconvolution technique performed without any whole knowledge or information as to the fundamental point spread function (PSF). For our approach, we acquired 30 chest CT images from the public source and applied three type's PSFs for finding the true image and the original PSF. The observed image might be convolved with an isotropic gaussian PSF or motion blurring PSF and the original image. The PSFs are assumed as a black box, hence restoring the image is called blind deconvolution. For the 30 iteration times, we analyzed diverse sizes of the PSF and tried to approximate the true PSF and the original image. For improving the ringing effect, we employed the weighted function by using the sobel filter. The results was compared with the three criteria including mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), which all values of the optimal-sized image outperformed those that the other reconstructed two-sized images. Therefore, we improved the blurring chest CT image by using the blind deconvolutin algorithm for optimal approach.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyse the hazard risk by examining the magnitude and severity of each type of hazard in order to mitigate and prepare for disasters in medical facilities. Methods: The hazard risk analysis for hazard types was surveyed for team leaders of medical facilities. The questionnaire analyzed data from 27 facilities, which were returned from 41 Local Medical Centers. Results: When looking at the 'Risk' by category type of hazard, the influence of health safety and fire/energy safety comes first, followed by natural disaster, facility safety, and crime safety. On the other hand, as for 'Magnitude', facility safety and crime safety come first, followed by health safety, fire/energy safety, and natural disasters. Most of the top types of disaster judged to have high hazard in medical facilities are health types. The top five priorities of hazard in medical facilities, they are affected by the geographical and industrial conditions of the treatment area. In the case of cities, the hazard was found to be high in the order of infectious disease, patient surge, and wind and flood damage. On the other hand, in rural areas, livestock diseases and infectious diseases showed the highest hazard. In the case of forest areas, the hazard was high in the order of wildfire, fire accident, lightning, tide, earthquake, and landslide, whereas in coastal areas of industrial complexes, the hazard was high due to fire, landslide, water pollution, marine pollution, and chemical spill accident. Implications: Through the research, standards will be established for the design of hospitals with disaster preparedness, and will contribute to the preparation of preemptive measures in terms of maintenance.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends and characteristics of infection-related patient safety incident reporting before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Korea, and to provide basic data for preventing infection-related patient safety incidents and improving their management. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of secondary national data (Patient Safety Reporting Data) was conducted. In total, 517 infection-related patient safety incidents reported from 2018 to 2021 were analyzed. Changes in the number of reports before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and differences in variables related to infection-related patient safety incidents were analyzed using the chi-square test and independent t-test in SPSS 29.0. Results: This study found that infection-related patient safety incidents decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Furthermore, incident-related characteristics, such as the type of healthcare organization, severity of harm, and post-incident actions, changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The many changes in the infection control system and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to a decrease in the reporting of infection-related patient safety incidents. It is hoped that longitudinal studies on patient safety incidents related to the pandemic and analytical studies on factors influencing patient safety incidents will continue to be conducted to prevent and improve patient safety incidents.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.286-290
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• 2003

The fibroma is the most common benign soft-tissue tumor found in the oral cavity and most commonly occurrs in sites predisposed to irritation or trauma. Treatment is conservative surgical excision. Seldom does the lesion recur. A 14-year old girl was referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry for evaluation and management of a mass on the palate. The patient's parents reported the slow growth of this soft tissue lesion over a 6-month period. A history of trauma or irritable habits was denied. Clinical examination revealed an asymptomatic, soft, pedunculated elevation of mucosa, measuring 3cm in diameter. Excisional biopsy of the lesion supported a diagnosis of fibroma. There have been no signs of recurrence during follow up of 4 years after surgical intervention. The clinical picture, pathology and management of the case are described, and the differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

The gel, which is stained on probe after ultrasonography, is a good circumstances for proliferation of microbe. This study is to investigate into the actual state of sanitary management, recognition degree and infection level of ultrasonographic probes. We had performed a question with telephone to 42 hospitals in Seoul area from December in 2003. We also cultured to obtained a sample from three ultrasonographic units to investigate infection level of the probes. Sanitary management of the probes was performed in 21 hospitals with alcohol cotton. Sanitary management was performed daily in 14 hospitals. Most hospitals used cotton towel for clearing of gel stained on probes. Preventive management against infection was performed in 32 hospitals with vinyl cover, surgical glove, or alcohol sterilization etc. In the recognition degree on infection, the response that using method of ultrasonographic probes is insanitary were in 78.6%(33 hospitals), and 54.8%(23 hospitals) responded that bacteria can be infected through the probes. In the results of germiculture, bacteria and fungi were detected too number of to count, but escherichia coli was not detected. In conclusion, The gel stained on probe after ultrasonography must be cleared completely, and it is necessary that change of recognition on sanitary management.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.17-35
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• 1995

Clinical observation was made on 161 cases of CVA that were confirmed through brain CT, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won University from January to December in 1994. 1. The CVA cases were classified into the following kinds: cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), transient ischemic attack, hypertensive encephalopathy, and the greatest in number among them were the cases of cerebral infarction. 2. The frequency of strokes was much the same between male and female cases and most cases were over 50 of age. 3. In the case of cerebral infarction the place of the most frequent occurrences was in the MCA territory, and as for cerebral hemorrhage, in the basal ganglia area. 4. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension. The next was diabetes mellitus. 5. Generally it is thought that CVA occurs frequently in winter. But on the contrary this study of observation confirmed that it occurs mostly in summer. 6. The predisposing factors of cerebral infarction were usually initiated during the time of resting and sleeping and those of cerebral hemorrhage chiefly during the time of exercising. 7. As concerns the course of hospitalization, most patients passed through western medical hospitals or oriental medical hospitals. 8. For the patients the condition of whose consciousness was bad at the time of admission, the prognosis in most cases was bad. 9. The common symptoms were motor disability and verbal disturbance. 10. With regard to cerebral infarction, the average time to start physical theraphy was 11.4 days and with cerebral hemorrhage 22.7 days after stroke. 11. The duration of hospitalization was in most cases more than one month. 12. The main complication was urinary tract infection. The next was pneumonia. 13. At the time of admission to hospital, the blood pressure in most cases was high, but it well controlled at the time of discharge. 14. Most cases were given simultaneous treatment in both ways of western and oriental medicine.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 1991

Total body irradiation is operated to irradicate malignant cells of bone marrow of patients to be treated with bone marrow transplantation. Field size of a linear accelerator or cobalt teletherapy unit with normal geometry for routine technique is too small to cover whole body of a patient. So, any special method to cover patient whole body must be developed. Because such environments as room conditions and machine design are not universal, some characteristic method of TBI for each hospital could be developed. At Seoul National University Hospital, at present, only a cobalt unit is available for TBI because source head of the unit could be tilted. When the head is tilted outward by 90$^{\circ}$, beam direction is horizontal and perpendicular to opposite wall. Then, the distance from cobalt source to the wall was 319 cm. Provided that the distance from the wall to midsagittal plane of a patient is 40cm, nominal field size at the plane(SCD 279cm) is 122cm$\times$122cm but field size by measurement of exposure profile was 130cm$\times$129cm and vertical profile was not symmetric. That field size is large enough to cover total body of a patient when he rests on a couch in a squatting posture. Assuming that average lateral width of patients is 30cm, percent depth dose for SSD 264cm and nominal field size 115.5cm$\times$115.5cm was measured with a plane-parallel chamber in a polystyrene phantom and was linear over depth range 10～20cm. An anthropomorphic phantom of size 25cm wide and 30cm deep. Depth of dose maximum, surface dose and depth of 50% dose were 0.3cm, 82% and 16.9cm, respectively. A dose profile on beam axis for two opposing beams was uniform within 10% for mid-depth dose. Tissue phantom ratio with reference depth 15cm for maximum field size at SCD 279cm was measured in a small polystyrene phantom and was linear over depth range 10～20cm. An anthropomorphic phantom with TLD chips inserted in holes on the largest coronal plane was bilaterally irradiated by 15 minute in each direction by cobalt beam aixs in line with the cross line of the coronal plane and contact surface of sections No. 27 and 28. When doses were normalized with dose at mid-depth on beam axis, doses in head/neck, abdomen and lower lung region were close to reference dose within $\pm$ 10% but doses in upper lung, shoulder and pelvis region were lower than 10% from reference dose. Particulaly, doses in shoulder region were lower than 30%. On this result, the conclusion such that under a geometric condition for TBI with cobalt beam as SNUH radiotherapy departement, compensators for head/neck and lung shielding are not required but boost irradiation to shoulder is required could be induced.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.661-667
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• 2001

Though a consensus seems to exist about the regulation of the use of sugar-containing food, however. an unrecognized and significant supply of cariogenic carbohydrate remains in the form of sugar-containing liquid oral medicine to prevent dental caries. children who are taking long-term sugar-containing liquid medicine have an increased risk of developing dental caries. The aim of this study is to get the information about the sugars in liquid medicines prescribed for the children. To get the information, the number and date of all prescriptions of liquid medicines for one month at pediatric hospital of Seoul National University Hospital were investigated. From that data, the most frequently used pediatric oral liquid medicine is presented. Then, for the information of the type and contents of sweeteners in that preferred medicines, the manufacturers of each medicines were asked for the data of sugar types and contents, and the informations about the medicine contents were collected via facsimile. The most frequently used pediatric oral liquid medicine were followed as expectorant, purge, antibiotic, drug for iron deficiency anemia, sedative, antihistamine, anticonvulsant, NSAIDs in order. The mean value of sweetener content in liquid medicines was $52.3{\pm}22.4g/100ml$ and most frequently used sweetener is sucrose.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.153-156
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• 1983

1950년(年) 이후(以後) 무연탄(無煙炭)으로 만든 연탄(煉炭)을 취사(炊事), 난방용(煖房用)으로 가정(家庭)에서 광범위(廣範圍)하게 사용(使用)하게 되면서 연탄(煉炭)가스내(內)의 일산화탄소(一酸化炭素)로 인(因)한 중독사고(中毒事故)가 빈발(頻發)하여 심각(深刻)한 국민보건(國民保健)의 문제(問題)가 되어왔다. 저자(著者)들의 실태조사(實態調査)(1975년도(年度))에 의(依)하면 서울특별시일원(特別市一圓)에 있어 일산화탄소중독(一酸化炭素中毒)의 년간발생(年間發生)은 인구(人口), 10만당(萬當) 경증(輕症) 260명(名), 혼수상태(昏睡狀態)의 중증중독(重症中毒) 45명(名), 사망(死亡) 1명(名)으로 위험인구(危險人口)를 3,000만명(萬名)으로 하였을 때 전국적(全國的)으로 일산화탄소중독(一酸化炭素中毒)의 추정발생수(推定發生數)는 년간(年間) 경증(輕症) 78만명(萬名), 중증(重症) 13만(萬) 5천명(千名), 사망(死亡) 3,000명(名)으로 그 피해(被害)의 규모(規模)가 100만을 육박(肉薄)하는 가공(可恐)할 수자(數字)를 보여주고 있다. 저자(著者)들은 이러한 심각(深刻)한 국민보건(國民保健)의 문제(問題)를 우선(于先) 실천가능(實踐可能)한 제이차예방(第二次豫防)에 역점(力點)을 두어 고압산소요법(高壓酸素療法)을 보급(普及)할 목적(目的)으로 일인용고압산소장치(一人用高壓酸素裝置)를 개발(開發)하고 1969년(年) 1월(月)에 서울대학교병원(大學校病院)에 고압산소치료실(高壓酸素治療室)을 개설(開設)하여 급성일산화탄소(急性一酸化炭素) 중독환자(中毒患者)에 대(對)한 응급치료(應急治療)를 실시(實施)하여 1978년(年)까지 10년간(年間)의 치료결과(治療結果)를 요약(要約)한바 다음과 같다. 1. 총치료환자수(總治療患者數)는 2,242명(名)이고 회복(回復)된 수(數)는 2,202명(名)으로 98.2%의 회복률(回復率)을 보였다. 2. 계절적(季節的)으로 10월(月)에서 4월(月)까지가 연중최성기(年中最盛期)이나 5월(月)에서 9월(月)까지도 적지않은 환자(患者)의 발생(發生)을 볼 수 있었다. 3. 연령별분포(年齡別分布)를 보면 15세(歲)${\sim}29$세군(歲群)이 전체환자(全體患者)의 반이상(半以上)인 52.7%를 차지하고 있고 $0{\sim}14$세군(歲群)은 인구비(人口比)에 대해 발생(發生)이 훨씬 적은 결과(結果)를 보이고 있다. 4. 도착시간별(到着時間別) 입원율(入院率)은 오전(午前) 10시이후(時以後) 도착군(到着群)서부터는 입원율(入院率)이 급증(急增)하는데 이는 병원도착(病院到着)이 늦일수록 당일회복(當日回復)이 되지못하고 입원가료(入院加療)하게 됨을 나타내주는 결과(結果)라 할 수 있다. 5. 병발증(倂發症)으로는 급성욕창, 폐렴(肺炎) 및 신경학적(神經學的) 이상등(異常等)의 소견(所見)을 많이 볼 수 있었다.