• Title/Summary/Keyword: 서식지 지도

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Secondary Dispersion of Several Broadleaved Tree Seeds by Wildlife in Mt. Jungwang, Pyeongchang-gun, Korea (중왕산 몇 활엽수 종자의 야생동물에 의한 2차 분산)

  • Kim, Gab-Tae;Kim, Hoi-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.64-70
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    • 2013
  • To examine the proportion of secondary seed dispersion by wildlife and to identify the related wildlife, We measured seed removal rates and related wildlife at the natural mixed broadleaved forest in mountain Jungwang, Pyeungchang-gun in middle part of Korean peninsula, seed-tray contained four kind of tree seeds were setted from mid-september to late-October for three years. Mean seed removal rates(MSRR) of acorn(Q. mongolica)is shown the highest values 87.2%, next MSRR of samara(A. pseudosieboldianum) does 33.1%, MSRR of samara(A. pictum subsp. mono) does 29.2%. and then SRR of samara(A. mandshuricum) does only 13.6%. Acorns are removed more faster than samaras. Among the related wildlife, Siberian chipmunks most freqently visit seed tray, and ordered Korean squirrel, Wild boar, and Yellow-throated marten. Most secondary dispersed acorns might be consumed by Wild boar, and small portions does comsumed or scatter-hoarded by rodents. Most secondary dispersed samaras might be consumed by rodents, and small portions does scatter-hoarded by rodents. A few sound seeds are remained on the forest floor in late October owing to the seed consunption and seed hoarding by wildlife. We observe seedling establishment of four broadleaved tree species. From these results, We proved Wild boar is seed comsummer, and rodents are seed consummer and seed disperser. Further studies on secondary seed dispersion, seed consumption and hoarding and related wildlife should be needed.

A Chemical Study of the Saponins and Flavonoids of Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius L.) and Its Comparison to Related Species in the Araliaceae (왜생삼 (Panax trifolius L.)의 사포닌과 프라보노이드의 화학적 연구 및 오가과에 속하는 유연종과의 성분 비교연구)

  • Lee Taikwang M.;Marderosian Ara Der
    • Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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    • 1988.08a
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    • pp.141-146
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    • 1988
  • Dwarf ginseng (Panax trifolius L.) is a member of the ginseng family (Araliaceae). which is indigenous to North America and is distributed from Southern Canada to the Northern United States. In total. nine compounds were isolated from the leaves of Dwarf gineng. Of these. four were identified as flavonoids and five were found to be ginsenosides. Two of the flavonoids were identified to be kaempferol-3. 7-dirhamnoside and kaempferol-3-gluco-7-rhamnoside. Four of the ginsenosides were identified as notoginsenoside-Fe. ginsenoside-Rd. ginsenoside-Rc and $ginsenoside-Rb_1$ The common aglycone of these ginsenosides was shown to be (20S)-protopanaxadiol. The identification of flavonoids and ginsenosides from the root. stem. leaf. flower and fruit of Dwarf ginseng was detected by Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography (2D-TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The quantitation of flavonoids and ginsenosides from the root. stem. leaf. flower and fruit of Dwarf ginseng and related species such as Korean gineng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) was analyzed by HPLC only. Three flavonoids (Kaempferol derivatives) labelled compound 1 $(10.8\%)$, compound 3 ($2.8\%$), and compound 4 ($8.4\%)$ were found in the root of Dwarf ginseng but not found in the roots of Korean ginseng and American ginseng. This is the first time that flavonoids have been found and identified in roots of the ginseng family (Araliaceae).

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Biogeochemical Reactions in Hyporheic Zone as an Ecological Hotspot in Natural Streams (자연 하천의 생태학적 중요 지점으로서 지표수-지하수 혼합대의 생지화학적 기작)

  • Kim, Young-Joo;Kang, Ho-Jeong
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.123-130
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    • 2009
  • Hyporheic zone is an area where hydraulic exchanges occur between surface water and ground water. Such transient area is anticipated to facilitate diverse biogeochemical reactions by providing habitats for various microorganism. However, only a few data are available about microbial properties in hyporheic zone, which would be important in better understanding of biogeochemical reactions in whole streams. The study site is Naesung stream, located in the north Kyoung-Sang Province, of which sediment is sandy with little anthropogenic impacts. Soil samples were collected from a transect placed perpendicular to stream flow. The transect includes upland fringe area dominated by Phragmites japonica, bare soil, and soil adjacent to water. In addition, soil samples were also collected from downwelling and upwelling areas in hyporheic zone within the main channel. Soils were collected from 3 depth in each area, and water content, pH, and DOC were measured. Various microbial properties including extracellular enzyme activities ($\beta$-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, phosphatase and arylsulfatase), and microbial community structure using T-RFLP were also determined. The results exhibited a positive correlation between water content and DOC, and between extracellular enzyme activities and DOC. Distinctive patterns were observed in soils adjacent to water and hyporheic zone compared with other soils. Overall results of study provided basic information about microbial properties of hyporheic zone, which appeared to be discernable from other locations in the stream corridor.

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Time-Spatial Distribution of Scrub Typhus and Its Environmental Ecology (쯔쯔가무시증의 시.공간적 분포와 환경생태요인)

  • Kong, Woo-Seok;Shin, E-Hyun;Lee, Hee-Il;Hwang, Tae-Sung;Kim, Hyun-Hee;Lee, Nan-Young;Sung, Ji-Hye;Lee, Sle-Gee;Yoon, Kwang-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.863-878
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    • 2007
  • The time-spatial distribution of Scrub typhus and its relationship with environmental ecology, such as climate, and habitat change are analyzed in respect of the geography of disease. Scrub typhus was firstly reported in 1951, and reemerged in 1986 mainly in southwestern Korea. later it has sharply increased and spreaded out toward whole country in 1998 and 2004, except mid-eastern mountainous region. Hwasung City is the typical example of sudden upsurge of Scrub typhus. High incidence of Scrub typhus patients might due to elevated temperature and decreased precipitation during the summer, as well as milder autumn. Sharp increase of Scrub typhus patients at rural area since 1980's might also be the result of the rapid changes of land use pattern, which eventually have contributed for the active development of dense vegetation and propagation of chigger mites around cultivated land.

A Development of Smartphone-connected Fishing Net Tracking and Management System (스마트폰 연계형 어망위치 추적 및 관리 시스템의 개발)

  • Hwang, Hun-Gyu;Kim, Bae-Sung;Woo, Yun-Tae;Shin, Il-Sik;Yu, Yung-Ho;Baek, Woon-Sik
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.401-408
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    • 2017
  • Recently, the environment at littoral sea has been contaminated and damaged by submarine deposits, e.g. the fishing nets. To solve this problem, the government pushes the policies such as management plan of the fishing nets in whole life cycle of them. The representative causes are dumping and drifting away of the fishing nets, and shed new light on technological methods for tracking and management of the fishing nets. To prevent this drawbacks, this paper covers a development of tracking and management system for the fishing nets. To do this, we analyzed the existing products, and figured out performance improvement points. Also we proposed additional enhancement techniques which connects with a smartphone application and displays the positions and state information of the fishing nets, and so on. To adopt the proposed methods, we design and implement a tracking and management system based on ENC with the smartphone application, and verified the usefulness of the system.

The Effect of Roofing Materials for Using Harvested Rainwater (집수빗물이용을 위한 지붕면 재질의 영향)

  • Lee, Ju Young;Kim, Tschung-Il;Kim, Hyunwoo;Han, Mooyoung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.623-629
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    • 2012
  • The objective was to evaluate the quality of harvested rainwater of the roofing materials used and the presence of lichens/mosses on the roofing surface. This experiment was studied in the field where five pilot structures with different roofing materials (i.e., wooden shingle tiles, wooden shingle tiles (including mosses), concrete tiles, clay tiles [Gi-Wa] and slate tiles) were installed. As a result, the clay tiles [Gi-Wa] was found to be the most suitable for rainwater harvesting applications. It was due to the disinfection from ultraviolet light and high temperature according to characteristic of roofing materials. Comparison with quality of rainwater on that wooden shingle tiles with and without including mosses, which may affect the concentration of and wooden shingle tiles including mosses, mosses may affect concentration of TOC, nitrate, and sulfate. Additionally, the average concentration of asbestos was determined to be measured at $0.002/cm^3$ for the slate tiles. The value satisfied with it met the Ministry of Environment's Multi-use facility standard and Ministry of Labor's Office standard ($0.01/cm^3$).

Analysis on the Bluegill Blocking Effects using Bubbles (버블을 이용한 파랑볼우럭 차단 효과 분석)

  • Kang, Joon-Gu;Kim, Jong-Tae
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.390-397
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    • 2017
  • The introduction of exotic fish species may reduce the number of native fish species and disturb the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, measures to block and manage fish species are required. Accordingly, a fish species blocking system using bubbles was developed in this study to block exotic fish species. An experimental channel was produced and the possibility of blocking such exotic fish species was evaluated. The bubble generator is a system that produces a bubble curtain by generating air with an air compressor that blocks fish species. Bluegill, which is an exotic fish species in the country, was tested with this generator. The size of bluegill was between 0.10 m and 0.15 m and the depth of water was maintained at 0.70 m. The flow velocity of the experiment channel was classified into 3 levels (0.20 m/s, 0.10 m/s, and 0.05 m/s) considering the natatorial ability of the fish species. The results revealed that 70.07% of bluegill showed movements to swim upstream before applying the bubble, but it is considered that the ascending rate would be higher given that the fish species thinks downstream is a habitat and showed almost no movement. However, when the blocking facility was installed, most fish species showed movements to return to the downstream again by the bubble curtain, indicating a very high blocking effect. In particular, when the generating bubble was terminated, the fish species swam back to the upstream area very soon, so the fish species blocking effect using the bubble was excellent.

Determinations of Shorebirds Diets during Spring Migration Stopovers in Korean Rice Fields (봄철 논습지를 이용하는 도요물떼새류의 먹이자원에 관한 연구)

  • Nam, Hyung-Kyu;Kim, Myung-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.452-460
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    • 2017
  • Rice fields are important stopover sites for the conservation of shorebirds during long-distance migration. These fields serve as food sources providing energy for the next leg of the journey. Shorebirds are able to change their preferred food source at stopover sites. However, the type and distribution of food resources remain unknown for the shorebirds in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, we studied the type and distribution pattern of food resource (macroinvertebrates, remaining rice, and other seeds) for shorebirds in the rice fields. We have identified potential and actual food sources for shorebirds in the rice fields. The potential food sources were collected by using a core-sampling method and the actual food source was ascertained by observational analysis. As a result, a total 19 species of benthic macroinvertebrates in 15 families were recorded as potential food sources. A total of 9 families in 9 orders of benthic macroinvertebrates known to be actual food sources were also recorded during the study period, including loaches, and a tuber of sea club rush. Also, the distribution of the food source depended on soil conditions generated by cultivation such as plowing, harrowing, and the use of pesticides. In the present study, we identified the type and distribution of food sources for shorebirds. This information can be used as essential primary baseline data for conservation of shorebirds using the rice fields of the Republic of Korea.

Experiment and Assessment of Ascending Capability for Management of Exotic Fish Species (외래어종 관리를 위한 소상 실험 및 평가)

  • Kang, Joon-Gu;Kim, Jong-Tae
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.9
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    • pp.265-278
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    • 2016
  • In this study, an ascending capability experiment was performed with largemouth bass and bluegill, which are exotic fish species inhabiting (the freshwaters) in Korea. The experiment was performed by dividing the subject fish into four groups according to their size and at four flow rates for each group. The number of fish passing through a reference line was analyzed by recording videos, and their swimming and ascending capabilities were observed by the naked eye. The number of fish passing through the reference line did not include those returning downstream within five minutes due to the high flow rate. The flow rate used for the analysis was the mean of the flow rate values measured at the left bank, the right bank, and in the middle of the stream. The results showed that the number of exotic fish migrating upstream decreased as the flow rate increased, regardless of the species and size of the fish. The comparison between the fish species showed that the ascending capability of bass was higher than that of bluegill, but the difference was not significant when considering the difference in the size of the fish. In addition, the upper limit flow velocity allowing the ascending of the exotic fish species was 1.11 m/s, when considering the fish returning to the downstream after the upstream migration and experimental error. The results of the experiment may be used as fundamental data for the blocking of fish and the management of exotic fish species by means of a high flow rate current. Further experiments, verification, and monitoring may need to be conducted continuously to determine whether the fish are able to pass through the reference line at a high flow rate, when they attain a high or cruising velocity. Additionally, the reaction of the fish species should be investigated by considering the response to external forces as well as pressure differences due to the flow rate.

Changes in the Community Structure of Benthic Polychaetes after the Shellfish Farm Cessation in Tongyeong Bay of Korea (통영연안의 패류양식장 중단 이후 다모류 군집구조의 변화)

  • Park, Sohyun;Kim, Sunyoung;Sim, Bo-Ram;Park, Se-jin;Kim, Hyung Chul;Yoon, Sang-Pil
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.605-617
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    • 2021
  • The recovery of the sedimentary environment around a fallowing shellfish farm during its rest period after 20 years of long-running operation, was explored in Tongyeong Bay of Korea. Seasonal survey on macrobenthos community was conducted from July 2016 to September 2018 at five stations, which included the fallowing shellfish farm after 20-year operation (FF), a newly installed shellfish farm (NF), a shellfish farm for comparison around the closed shellfish farm (CF), and control stations with no farming activities (Con1, Con2). The total number of species and the density of macrobenthos were higher at the shellfish farm stations than the non-shellfish farm station, and their seasonal changes were significant. The dominant species at the shellfish farm stations was Capitella capitata while Paraprionospio patiens was dominant at the non-shellfish farm stations. The two dominant species were potential organic contamination indicators usually inhabiting the areas with dense organic matter. This suggests that the overall survey area was highly polluted with organic matters. Multivariate analysis showed that the macrobenthic community of CF changed to a level similar to that of Con1 immediately after the investigation, but not to a state above the Con1 level. Furthermore, the changes in NF were not significant when compared to those in CF.