• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose an approach that combines the technological advantages of P2P and cloud computing to support MMOGs that allowing a huge amount of users worldwide to share a real-time virtual environment. The proposed P2P system based on cloud computing can provide a greater level of scalability because their more resources are added to the infrastructure even when the amount of users grows rapidly. This system also relieves a lot of computational power and network traffic, the load on the servers in the cloud by exploiting the capacity of the peers. In this paper, we describe the concept and basic architecture of cloud computing-based P2P Systems for scalability of MMOGs. An efficient and effective provisioning of resources and mapping of load are mandatory to realize this architecture that scales in economical cost and quality of service to large communities of users. Simulation results show that by controlling the amount of cloud and user-provided resource, the proposed P2P system can reduce the bandwidth at the server while utilizing their enough bandwidth when the number of simultaneous users keeps growing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.718-720
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• 2004

이동통신 기술의 발전에 힘입어 비교적 넓은 대역폭을 갖는 핸드폰/PDA 등과 같은 모바일 단말기들이 광범위하게 보급되고 활용되고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 새로운 형태의 모바일 서비스가 등장하고 있으며, 증가하는 무선인터넷 서비스 업체와 무선영역으로 비즈니스를 확장하고자 하는 인터넷 서비스 업체에게 서비스 컴포넌트의 신속한 개발/테스트/배포 및 유지보수 비용을 최적화할 수 있는 미들웨어 기술이 절대적으로 요구되는 상황이다. 본 논문은 모바일 환경에 적응된 새로운 모바일 응용 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 개발된 모바일 비즈니스 응용서버 시스템에 대해 설명하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2002.05c
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• pp.49-53
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• 2002

본 논문은 광학 현미경으로 관찰된 데이터들을 분산 시스템이나 병렬 시스템에 구현한 소프트웨어 시스템의 설계에 대한 것으로, 이 시스템이 처리하는 데이터들이 대용량이라는 특성과 함께 다중 해상도의 특성을 갖는다. 본 시스템은 고객/서버 모델을 기반으로 하였으며, 대용량 데이터 처리시 성능에 중요한 디스크 입출력의 대역폭을 높이기 위해 힐버트 곡선 기반의 분산 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 서버부는 조정자 노드와 서비스 노드로 구성되며, 시스템의 제 구성 요소들간에는 정해진 통신 규약에 따라 메시지를 주고 받고, 상호 독립적이다. 이 시스템은 의학 교육, 원격 병리, 가상 학술 회의 등에 응용될 때 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.8B no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2001

대용량 멀티미디어 미디어 서버를 구성함에 있어 I/O 병목현상을 극복하기 위하여 저장 서버들과 제어 서버로 구성되어진 2계층 분산 클러스터 서버구조가 많이 사용된다. 2 계층 분산 클러스터 서버는 부하 균등, 대역폭 관리 및 저장 서버의 관리 측면에서 유리한 반면, 저장 서버와 제어 서버간의 통신 오버헤드를 발생시킨다. 이러한 오버헤드를 줄이기 위해서는 저장 서버에서 읽은 미디어 데이터를 제어 서버를 거치지 않고 직접 클라이언트에 전송할 수 있어야 한다. 그리고, 저장 용량을 확장하거나 손상된 디스크를 교체하는 경우를 대비하여 분산 클러스터 서버는 다양한 성능의 이기종 디스크를 지원하여야 한다. 또한, I/O 장치와 운영체제가 빠르게 발전됨에 따라 미디어 서버는 새로운 I/O 장치 및 운영체제 등에 쉽게 이식될 수 있어야 하고, 응용 소프트웨어 개발자가 시스템의 환경에 따라 블록크기, 데이터 배치정책, 사본 정책 등을 유연하게 조절할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서 위에서 언급한 멀티미디어 서버의 요구를 고려하여 Fast Ethernet 환경에서 병렬 멀티미디어 파일 시스템(PMFS : Parallel Multimedia File System)을 설계 및 구현하고 실험을 통해 PVFS(Parallel Virtual File System)와 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 이 실험의 결과에 따르면 PMFS는 멀티미디어 데이터에 대하여 PVFS보다 3%∼15%의 향상된 성능을 보였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.6
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• pp.835-844
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• 2002

The number of channels available to a video server is limited since the number of channels a video server can support is determined by its communication bandwidth. Several approaches such as batching, piggybacking and patching have been proposed to reduce I/O demand on the video server by sharing multicast data. Patching has been shown to be efficient in the matter of the cost for VOD systems. Unlike conventional multicast techniques, patching is a dynamic multicast scheme which enables a new request to join an ongoing multicast. In addition, true VOD can be achieved since a new request can be served immediately without having to wait for the next multicast. In this paper. we propose two types of channel reservation patching algorithm : a fixed channel reservation patching and a variable channel reservation patching. To immediately schedule the requests for popular videos, these algorithms reserve the channels of video server for the fixed number of popular videos or for the variable number of popular videos which is determined dynamically according to the load of video server. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated through simulations, and compared with that of simple patching. Our performance measures are average defection rate, average latency, service fairness and the amount of buffered data according to video server loads. Simulation results show that the proposed channel reservation patching algorithms provide better performance compared to simple patching algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2004

수십, 수백만의 이동 객체가 존재하는 환경에서 전체 이동 객체의 궤적을 중앙 서버가 모두 관리하는 것은 적절한 접근 방법이 아니다. 통신 메시지들이 서버에 집중되기 때문에, 높은 네트워크 대역폭, 처리 능력, 그리고 방대한 저장 공간을 보유한 서버를 필요로 하기 때문이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 중앙 서버없이 각각의 이동 객체들이 자기 자신의 궤적을 관리하는 방식을 통해 앞서의 문제를 해결하려한다. 중앙 서버없이 데이터가 네트워크에 분산되어 있는 경우, 특정 데이터에 효율적으로 접근하기 위해서는 색인이 필요하게 되는데, 본 논문에서는 헤더 객체와 헤더 검색 트리라는 것을 정의하여 IPv6의 모바일 IP를 이용한 P2P방법으로 영역 질의, 최근접 질의, 궤적 질의 처리를 할 수 있는 모델을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1998

In the multicasting communications, the quality of service is not guaranteed occasionally, according to the shortage of resources, because all resources such as communication buffer, processing power for the packet multiplication, and bandwidth, should be shared among each members. This problem can be solved through the hierarchical multicaster construction mechanism which guarantees that all multicaster can be operated within the required performance. This paper proposes the architecture of multipoint communication server based on hypercube type massively parallel computer. Through the simulation, it is verified that the traffic of links between each node of hypercube computer is under the some bandwidth. So, it is certified that the hypercube computer is suitable for the multicast communication servers supporting the various groups.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

This paper proposes a scalable hybrid P2P(peer-to-peer) cloud architecture for MMOGs(massively multiplayer online games) which includes load management schemes for each region. A game world is divided into several game regions and each game region is serviced by at least one peer(player) in this MMOG cloud environment. The load must be managed regionally to support smooth interactions among them even in the presence of a high concentration of players in a specific region. In the proposed architecture where an efficient and effective provisioning of resources is realized, it is suitable for players to interact with cloud servers effectively and it avoids bottlenecks of the current client-server MMOG architecture. This architecture also relieves a lot of computational power and network traffic, the load on the servers in the cloud by exploiting the capacity of the players. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid P2P cloud architecture can reduce the considerable bandwidth at the server compared to the client server architecture as the available resources grow with the number of players in crowding or hotspots.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.11B
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• pp.784-791
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• 2005

To provide VoD Service on the Internet VoD server is required to have a large amount of system resource and network bandwidth. Therefore, overlay Multicast schemes are considered as suitable alternatives but they also have some drawbacks to support on-demand media services. In this paper, we propose an overlay multicast based on-demand media service scheme which could exploit server's system resource and its network bandwidth efficiently. Proposed scheme uses shared buffer of clients involving the relay of traffic and Patching while it gives no restrictions to this scheme compared with unicast. Our simulation results show that proposed scheme can support more user than unicast and improve the network performance at the same time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2008

In ubiquitous GIS system, the spatial information could be updated and utilied by mobile terminals. Spatial information stored in mobile terminals should be able to synchronize to the server. However, in mobile environment, there are some limitations in synchronization service due to the limited bandwidth. The ActMAP system, that was developed to consider of mobile environment, has suggested a partial update protocal for synchronization in order to solve the narrow bandwidth problem. But it is still has a problem that it does not consider two-way synchronization between a server and a mobile terminal. This paper suggests a two-way synchronization protocol between a server and mobile terminals. It, therefore, is inclined to supporting updated and utilization of spatial information using mobile terminals.