• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2018

The smart city is developing an energy system efficiently through a common management of the city resource for the growth and a low carbon social. However, the smart city doesn't counter a verification effectively about a anomaly pattern detection when existing security technology (authentication, integrity, confidentiality) is used by fixed security key and key deodorization according to generated big data. This paper is proposed the "security nonce generation based on security nonce generation" for anomaly pattern detection of the adversary and a safety of the key is high through the key generation of the KDC (Key Distribution Center; KDC) for improvement. The proposed scheme distributes the generated security nonce and authentication keys to each facilities system by the KDC. This proposed scheme can be enhanced to the security by doing the external pattern detection and changed new security key through distributed security nonce with keys. Therefore, this paper can do improving the security and a responsibility of the smart city platform management data through the anomaly pattern detection and the safety of the keys.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2021

C-ITS(Cooperative Intelligent Transport System) that pursues traffic safety and convenience uses various sensors to generate traffic information. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sensor-related technology to increase the efficiency and reliability of the traffic information. Recently, the role of CCTV in collecting video information has become more important due to advances in AI(Artificial Intelligence) technology. In this study, we propose to identify and track dynamic objects(vehicles, people, etc.) in CCTV images, and to analyze and provide information about them in various environments. To this end, we conducted identification and tracking of dynamic objects using the Yolov4 and Deepsort algorithms, establishment of real-time multi-user support servers based on Kafka, defining transformation matrices between images and spatial coordinate systems, and map-based dynamic object visualization. In addition, a positional consistency evaluation was performed to confirm its usefulness. Through the proposed scheme, we confirmed that CCTVs can serve as important sensors to provide relevant information by analyzing road conditions in real time in terms of road infrastructure beyond a simple monitoring role.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-33
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• 2022

This paper is to suggest the secure secret sharing system in order to outstandingly reduce the damage caused by the leakage of the corporate secret. This research system is suggested as efficient P2P distributed system kept from the centrally controlled server scheme. Even the bitcoin circulation system is also based on P2P distribution scheme recenly. This research has designed the secure circulation of the secret shares produced by Threshold Shamir Secret Sharing scheme instead of the shares specified in the torrent file using the simple, highly scalable and fast transferring torrent P2P distribution structure and its protocol. In addition, this research has studied to apply both Shamir Threshold Secret Sharing scheme and the securely strong multiple user authentication based on Collaborative Threshold Autentication scheme. The secure transmission of secret data is protected as using the efficient symmetric encryption with the session secret key which is safely exchanged by the public key encryption. Also it is safer against the leakage because the secret key is effectively alive only for short lifetime like a session. Especially the characteristics of this proposed system is effectively to apply the threshold secret sharing scheme into efficient torrent P2P distributed system without modifying its architecture of the torrent system. In addition, this system guaranttes the confidentiality in distributing the secret file using the efficient symmetric encryption scheme, which the session key is securely exchanged using the public key encryption scheme. In this system, the devices to be taken out can be dynamically registered as an user. This scalability allows to apply the confidentiality and the authentication even to dynamically registerred users.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2009

Recently, the threat of DDoS attacks is increasing and many companies are planned to deploy the DDoS defense solutions in their networks. The DDoS attack usually transmits heavy traffic data to networks or servers and they cannot handle the normal service requests because of running out of resources. Since it is very hard to prevent the DDoS attack beforehand, the strategic plan is very important. In this work, we have conducted modeling and simulation of the DDoS attack by changing the number of servers and estimated the duration that services are available. In this work, the modeling and simulation is conducted using OPNET Modeler. The simulation result can be used as a parameter of trade-off analysis of DDoS defense cost and the service's value. In addition, we have presented a way of estimating the cost effectiveness in deployment of the DDoS defense system.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

In this scholarly investigation, the focus is placed on the transformative potential of edge computing in enhancing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for the facilitation of autonomous driving. The intrinsic capability of edge computing to process voluminous datasets locally and in a real-time manner is identified as paramount in meeting the exigent requirements of autonomous vehicles, encompassing expedited decision-making processes and the bolstering of safety protocols. This inquiry delves into the synergy between edge computing and extant ITS infrastructures, elucidating the manner in which localized data processing can substantially diminish latency, thereby augmenting the responsiveness of autonomous vehicles. Further, the study scrutinizes the deployment of edge servers, an array of sensors, and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies, positing these elements as constituents of a robust framework designed to support instantaneous traffic management, collision avoidance mechanisms, and the dynamic optimization of vehicular routes. Moreover, this research addresses the principal challenges encountered in the incorporation of edge computing within ITS, including issues related to security, the integration of data, and the scalability of systems. It proffers insights into viable solutions and delineates directions for future scholarly inquiry.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-178
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• 2014

Following research proposes "Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa)" which is a security system that aims to provide a multi-device platform for the deployment of services that require a strong security protocol, both for the access & authentication and execution of its applications and focuses on analyzing Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service by comparing with other similar cases. At the present day, the appearance of new ICT, the diffusion of new user devices (such as smartphones, tablet PC, and so on) and the growth of internet penetration rate are creating many world-shaking services yet in the most of these applications' private information has to be shared, which means that security breaches and illegal access to that information are real threats that have to be solved. Also mobile payment service is, one of the innovative services, has same issues which are real threats for users because mobile payment service sometimes requires user identification, an authentication procedure and confidential data sharing. Thus, an extra layer of security is needed in their communication and execution protocols. The Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa), concept is a holistic approach and centralized management for a security system that pursues to provide a ubiquitous multi-device platform for the arrangement of mobile payment services that demand a powerful security protocol, both for the access & authentication and execution of its applications. In this sense, Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) offers full interoperability and full access from any user device without any loss of security. The concept prevents possible attacks by third parties, guaranteeing the confidentiality of personal data, bank accounts or private financial information. The Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) concept is split in two different phases: the execution of the user authentication protocol on the user device and the cloud architecture that executes the secure application. Thus, the secure service access is guaranteed at anytime, anywhere and through any device supporting previously required security mechanisms. The security level is improved by using virtualization technology in the cloud. This virtualization technology is used terminal virtualization to virtualize smart card hardware and thrive to manage virtualized smart cards as a whole, through mobile cloud technology in Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service. This entire process is referred to as Smart Card as a Service (SCaaS). Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service virtualizes smart card, which is used as payment mean, and loads it in to the mobile cloud. Authentication takes place through application and helps log on to mobile cloud and chooses one of virtualized smart card as a payment method. To decide the scope of the research, which is comparing Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service with other similar cases, we categorized the prior researches' mobile payment service groups into distinct feature and service type. Both groups store credit card's data in the mobile device and settle the payment process at the offline market. By the location where the electronic financial transaction information (data) is stored, the groups can be categorized into two main service types. First is "App Method" which loads the data in the server connected to the application. Second "Mobile Card Method" stores its data in the Integrated Circuit (IC) chip, which holds financial transaction data, which is inbuilt in the mobile device secure element (SE). Through prior researches on accept factors of mobile payment service and its market environment, we came up with six key factors of comparative analysis which are economic, generality, security, convenience(ease of use), applicability and efficiency. Within the chosen group, we compared and analyzed the selected cases and Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.195-211
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• 2014

Cloud computing services provide IT resources as services on demand. This is considered a key concept, which will lead a shift from an ownership-based paradigm to a new pay-for-use paradigm, which can reduce the fixed cost for IT resources, and improve flexibility and scalability. As IT services, cloud services have evolved from early similar computing concepts such as network computing, utility computing, server-based computing, and grid computing. So research into cloud computing is highly related to and combined with various relevant computing research areas. To seek promising research issues and topics in cloud computing, it is necessary to understand the research trends in cloud computing more comprehensively. In this study, we collect bibliographic information and citation information for cloud computing related research papers published in major international journals from 1994 to 2012, and analyzes macroscopic trends and network changes to citation relationships among papers and the co-occurrence relationships of key words by utilizing social network analysis measures. Through the analysis, we can identify the relationships and connections among research topics in cloud computing related areas, and highlight new potential research topics. In addition, we visualize dynamic changes of research topics relating to cloud computing using a proposed cloud computing "research trend map." A research trend map visualizes positions of research topics in two-dimensional space. Frequencies of key words (X-axis) and the rates of increase in the degree centrality of key words (Y-axis) are used as the two dimensions of the research trend map. Based on the values of the two dimensions, the two dimensional space of a research map is divided into four areas: maturation, growth, promising, and decline. An area with high keyword frequency, but low rates of increase of degree centrality is defined as a mature technology area; the area where both keyword frequency and the increase rate of degree centrality are high is defined as a growth technology area; the area where the keyword frequency is low, but the rate of increase in the degree centrality is high is defined as a promising technology area; and the area where both keyword frequency and the rate of degree centrality are low is defined as a declining technology area. Based on this method, cloud computing research trend maps make it possible to easily grasp the main research trends in cloud computing, and to explain the evolution of research topics. According to the results of an analysis of citation relationships, research papers on security, distributed processing, and optical networking for cloud computing are on the top based on the page-rank measure. From the analysis of key words in research papers, cloud computing and grid computing showed high centrality in 2009, and key words dealing with main elemental technologies such as data outsourcing, error detection methods, and infrastructure construction showed high centrality in 2010~2011. In 2012, security, virtualization, and resource management showed high centrality. Moreover, it was found that the interest in the technical issues of cloud computing increases gradually. From annual cloud computing research trend maps, it was verified that security is located in the promising area, virtualization has moved from the promising area to the growth area, and grid computing and distributed system has moved to the declining area. The study results indicate that distributed systems and grid computing received a lot of attention as similar computing paradigms in the early stage of cloud computing research. The early stage of cloud computing was a period focused on understanding and investigating cloud computing as an emergent technology, linking to relevant established computing concepts. After the early stage, security and virtualization technologies became main issues in cloud computing, which is reflected in the movement of security and virtualization technologies from the promising area to the growth area in the cloud computing research trend maps. Moreover, this study revealed that current research in cloud computing has rapidly transferred from a focus on technical issues to for a focus on application issues, such as SLAs (Service Level Agreements).