• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.492-496
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• 2010

Coronal discoloration is a common sequela to traumatic injuries. In subluxation cases, although the injury is not strong enough to rupture the apical vessels, discoloration may appear by tearing thin walls or occluding small capillaries. In absence of infection pulpal regeneration can occur, and as a result discoloration may completely or partially subside. But judging pulpal status by coronal discoloration can be dangerous and it may lead to unnecessary treatment. This case presents coronal discoloration and recovery following traumatic injury of maxillary anterior teeth. In diagnosing traumatized teeth routine cold tests or electric pulp tests are known to be unreliable, but with the aid of ultrasound doppler imaging, assessing pulp vitality of traumatized teeth can be more accurate.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2000

Traditionally, EPT and thermal tests were used as diagnostic methods for pulp vitality test. The thermal and electrical stimulation tests are the methods to determine the vitality of a tooth based on its neuronal response. These have certain limitations, one of them is the difficulty of approaching the correct result in case of treatment of children. The reason is management problem caused by the unpleasant stimulation. Also, the response from patients are not objective, and false positive or false negative could be happened. Recently, laser doppler flowmetry and pulse oximeter which evaluate vascular integrity are introduced in an effort of overcoming to limitation of traditional methods. The principle of pulse oximeter is to and out level of oxygen saturation by ratio of the two pulses between emitted light and detected light penetrating them to the termination of body, such as ears or fingers. From this point of view, it can be applied to a tooth to determine its vitality. The objective of this study lies mainly on varifying pulse oximeter as a method of determining tooth vitality and providing basic data of its clinical implementation. The result of the research showed that level of oxygen saturation in vital teeth was average of 96.3% and 0.0% in pulpless teeth. As a comprehensive result, pulse oximeter could be an useful diagnostic equipment in determining of tooth vitality.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.317-322
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• 1999

Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting from an invagination of the enamel organ. The incidence is highest with maxillary permanent lateral incisors. The reported occurrence ranges from 0.04 to 10%. This anomaly may involve the pulp and periapical tissues and cause pulpal inflammation, loss of vitality, apical and lateral periodontitis, periapical abscesses and cysts and stimulate internal resorption. Oehlers describes dens invaginatus as occurrence in three forms. In treating type 3 invaginatus, treatment strategy can be determined by considering the complexity and accessibility of invagination. In this case, showing simple invagination, it could be treated by simple endodontic treament confining to invagination without loss of vitality of tooth. After treatment of the present case, the results were as follows: 1. In type 3 dens invagiantus, if the tooth is vital and there is no evidence of communicating between invagination and pulp, we can save the vitality of the tooth and resolve the lesion by endodontic treament confining to the invagination. 2. In the invagination with opened apex, the closure of apex can be induced by apexification procedure doing this, we can avoid the neccessity of surgical intervention.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.8
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• pp.91-105
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• 1999

직관력은 현대와 같이 급변하는 사회에서 어떤 문제의 상황을 전체적으로 파악하거나 그 본질을 인식하는데 매우 중요하다. 특히 공간 직관력은 매일을 공간 속에서 생활하고 있는 우리에게는 더욱 소중한 교육적 대상이 된다. 공간 직관력은 눈에 보이는 구체물이나 감각적으로 받아들여진 사물을 통하여 그 배후에 있는 공간으로서 추상적, 이상적인 것을 감지할 수 있는 힘이다. 수학교육학적 관점에서 보면 공간 직관력에는 시각화(도형을 인식하는 능력, 도형을 구성하는 능력 등), 공간적 관계(도형이나 공간의 확장을 이해하는 능력 등), 공간적 방향 파악(위치를 파악하는 능력 등)을 포함한다. 본 연구에서는 이들 공간 직관력을 육성하기 위하여 초등학교 교육과정과 연계하여 적절한 학습 내용 및 방법을 고찰하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.3 s.37
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescents' internet addiction tendencies according to their human resources which is composed of personal resources and interpersonal resources. The subjects of this study were 396 middle school students in Daegu. Analysis of data were done with the use of frequency. percentage, meat factor analysis, and MANOVA with the Scheffe test applied. The main results of this study were as follows : First, there were meaningful differences in adolescents' internet addiction tendencies according to their personal resources such as self-control ability, Problem-solving ability, and time management ability. Second, there were meaningful differences in adolescents' internet addiction tendencies according to their interpersonal resources such as parents-support, peer-support, and teacher-support.

• KLA journal
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.3-10
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• 1975

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.84-85
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• 2008

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.34
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• pp.70-73
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.49-64
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• 1999

농촌생활의 질의 풍요로움을 연구하기 위한 일환으로 농가 생활경영을 시점으로 한 농업겨영과 농가주부의 관계, 가사운영과 가계관리를 중심으로 살펴 본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농업경영과 주부와의 관련에 대해 우선 열거할 수 있는것은 생산 노동력의 분담상황에서의 주부노동의 실태이다. 전체평균에서 78.1%의 주부가 남편과 함께 기간노동에 종사하고 있었으며, 농업생활에서 주부의 역할리 매우 큼을 단적으로 지적해 주는 것이었다. 그리고 종사하는 종작업과 경영 참여의 내용은 다양하다. 그 결과 시간적으로 본 주부 담당의 가사작업은 농번기와 농한기의 시기에 영향을 크게 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 가계관리상의 문제점으로 자녀의 교육비나 교제비의 부담이 거론되었고, 수입의 불규칙, 빚과 부채의 부담이 큰 문제로 지적되었다. 셋째, 가정생활의 만족도, 지역생활의 만족도는 모두 만족과 불만의 중간을 보였다. 가정생활에서의 만족도에서 평균점 보다 낮은 항목은 가족 동반의 식사, 부부대화, 내구소비재의 순이었고, 지역생활환경에 관하여는 보건소, 병원에 관하여는 불만족스러운 대답을 보였다. 넷째, 농작업의 효율화 대책은 기계화, 조직화, 공동화, 작업의 계획화이었으며, 가사노동에 있어서는 "주부의 농작업 감량대책"과 함께 "가족의 협력에 의한 가사분담","가족이 신변의 것을 스스로 한다","가사작업의 계획화"등이 요구되어진다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze photoplethysmographic waveforms from pulse oximeter using raw data of red and infrared light and investigate the reference values of parameters (Height, Width50, Maximum slope, Minimum slope, Area) for evaluating pulpal blood flow in maxillary central incisors with normal pulp vitality in children. The study was performed in 30 pediatric patients, aged 7-16 years old, using pulse oximeter (MEKICS Co., Ltd, Korea) combined with a custom-made sensor. The raw data was obtained and recorded by custom-made software and analyzed by LabChart (v.7.3, ADInstruments, Germany) offline. In this study, we analyzed photoplethysmographic waveforms from pulse oximeter applied to maxillary central incisor for assessment of pulpal blood flow and suggested several reference values of young permanent maxillary central incisor with normal pulp. On average, the waveform of red light was higher, stiffer and wider than that of infrared light. Future studies about reference values for other normal teeth and the teeth with impaired pulp vitality are needed.