• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.307-319
• /
• 2016

A Land-Atmosphere Modeling Package (LAMP) for supporting agricultural and forest management was developed at the National Center for AgroMeteorology (NCAM). The package is comprised of two components; one is the Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system (WRF) coupled with Noah-Multiparameterization options (Noah-MP) Land Surface Model (LSM) and the other is an offline one-dimensional LSM. The objective of this paper is to briefly describe the two components of the NCAM-LAMP and to evaluate their initial performance. The coupled WRF/Noah-MP system is configured with a parent domain over East Asia and three nested domains with a finest horizontal grid size of 810 m. The innermost domain covers two Gwangneung deciduous and coniferous KoFlux sites (GDK and GCK). The model is integrated for about 8 days with the initial and boundary conditions taken from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) data. The verification variables are 2-m air temperature, 10-m wind, 2-m humidity, and surface precipitation for the WRF/Noah-MP coupled system. Skill scores are calculated for each domain and two dynamic vegetation options using the difference between the observed data from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the simulated data from the WRF/Noah-MP coupled system. The accuracy of precipitation simulation is examined using a contingency table that is made up of the Probability of Detection (POD) and the Equitable Threat Score (ETS). The standalone LSM simulation is conducted for one year with the original settings and is compared with the KoFlux site observation for net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and soil moisture variables. According to results, the innermost domain (810 m resolution) among all domains showed the minimum root mean square error for 2-m air temperature, 10-m wind, and 2-m humidity. Turning on the dynamic vegetation had a tendency of reducing 10-m wind simulation errors in all domains. The first nested domain (7,290 m resolution) showed the highest precipitation score, but showed little advantage compared with using the dynamic vegetation. On the other hand, the offline one-dimensional Noah-MP LSM simulation captured the site observed pattern and magnitude of radiative fluxes and soil moisture, and it left room for further improvement through supplementing the model input of leaf area index and finding a proper combination of model physics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.463-471
• /
• 2012

Objective of this study is to provide basic information for developing more differentiated and targeted forest healing policy and Korean medical healing programs grounded on consumer preference for forest based Korean medical healing tourism products. The internet survey(CAWI) by percentage quota sampling with 400 Seoulite ages over 30 by the age, area, and gender was conducted, and 317 samples were used for a final analysis. 61.5% of the Seoulite associated 'forest bath/walking in the woods/tree' with an image of a forest based Korean medical healing tourism product, and preference for the product and the intention to use were positive at the percentages of 72.9% and 67.5%, respectively. Preferred areas were Seoul/Gyeonggi-do(53.5%) and Gangwon-do(38.8%). 'Stress solving and refreshment', 'taking a forest bath and a walk', and 'maintaining and promoting health' were the main purposes of the use. As for a therapy, 'walking therapy' was most preferred, and 'ergotherapy' was the next. First priority as for a use facility was 'healing trail', and 'professional medical facility' ranked second. Although important decision attributes were ' cost of use', 'food', and 'friendliness of medical staff', all the other sets of attributes related to use convenience, quality of medical service and tourism activities also recorded high, which forecasts higher consumer expectation for the product. As the result showing differences in consumer preference by the demographic segmentation, differentiated and segmented consumer needs should be considered when planing and managing a product. The scope of the study is limited to a demographic segmentation which is a basic stage of understanding consumer preference, therefore more detailed future researches on complicated and multi-dimensional consumer needs are required.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.365-373
• /
• 2014

This study is to analyze the physical environment and conduct spatial data for bicycle road system in changwon. Index for evaluation index was developed based on literatures. Then the level of importance and weight have been modified through experts review. Finally, index with eight categories such as greenness(40% over), bicycle road connectivity(1.8, 9.8%), road type bike(bicycle lane, 24.4%), pave type(asphalt 72.5%), illegal parking(none, 93.9%), bike road surface visibility(exist, 46.8%), vehicle speed limits(30km, under), vehicle traffic(500/hr under, 44.3%) have been applied to empirical investigation. Collected data has been hierarchically classification by ArcGIS Program. The Highest grades(score 31-35, level 1) occupied 35% of target destination. High level of greenness and load type has contributed to high score. In addition, average level of greenness of those destination was 35% and higher, which provide high degree of security and freshness for bicycle riding. Meanwhile, lowest level(level 5, which earned 15 point or less) occupied 24.5%. illegal parking, low level of greenness, and no surface sign caused low score.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.268-272
• /
• 2007

현재 시행되고 있는 하천정비와 하도정비는 하천 흐름의 특성을 간과한 채 일괄적으로 진행되어 왔으며 그 결과로 하천의 인공화는 지금까지 계속되고 있다. 이에 따라 하천 및 하도의 물리, 화학, 생물에 미치는 영향은 심각하며, 그 동안 인위적인 하천교란의 요인과 하천교란에 따른 영향, 즉 하상변동, 외래종 식생 침입, 생태서식처 변화 등의 정량적 평가 기술의 수립은 매우 미흡한 상태이다. 뿐만 아니라 하천 교란 극복을 위한 저감기술, 복원기술 및 적응관리 기술 또한 체계적으로 정리되지 못하여 하천과 댐 관리당국이 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 상황을 극복하기 위해서는 하천 교란에 대항하는 회복관리 기술 개발을 위한 교란 평가 기술이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항공사진 및 GIS기법을 이용하여 국내 주요하천의 원인별 교란실태를 조사하고 분석함으로써 하천교란 조사기술 개발에 응용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 분석을 위하여 댐 하류의 하천교란 및 적응현장 시범지역을 선정한 후 대상 지역의 항공사진을 GIS화하여 하천 교란 실태를 분석하는 데에 필요한 자료를 생성하였으며 생성된 자료를 바탕으로 하천의 평면 및 단면의 변화특성을 조사할 수 있었다. 또한 경년별 저수로 형태와 하천 중심선 비교 분석을 통하여 저수로의 이동 및 변화 양상을 규명해 낼 수 있었으며 그 결과 댐 하류지역에서 하도안정문제가 발생하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 보다 효율적인 하도안정문제에 관한 대책수립이 가능하리라 보며, 이를 위해서는 하천 교란 조사기술 개발에 대한 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것이다.과적임을 알 수 있었다. 실험 결과 본 기법으로 유휴시간에 프로세서를 저전력모드로 바꾸는 기존의 고전적인 전력 관리 기법보다 전체 시스템 전력 소모를 9% 더 절약할 수 있었다. 위성영상과 DEM 개발기술이 87% 이상의 점수를 받아 가장 시장성 및 활용성이 높은 기술로 평가되었으며, 초다분광영상에 대한 기술은 70%를 겨우 넘는 수준에서 평가가 되었다. 멀티센서 공간영상정보 통합처리 기술 개발은 다목적 실용위성의 보유, 국가 NGIS 사업의 결과물이 상당히 축척이 되어 있고, 라이다(LiDAR) 기술의 도입을 위한 환경이 조성되었기에 다른 국가에 비해 멀티센서 기술의 적용과 산업화가 가시화 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 멀티센서 자료의 수급이 용이하지 못하고, 법 제도적인 한계, 시장의 성숙도가 기대이하라는 점 등의 한계를 노정하고 있다.a var. sieboldii 3. Pinus densiflora, Q. aliena, Q. acutissima, P. thunbergii, Q. acuta 4. Carpinus laxiflora, Camellia japonicas. C. tschonoskii community의 5개 그룹으로 나타났다. 하류의 부착돌말류는 상대적으로 양호한 수질을 가지고 있는 정점 1에서 다양한 생물상을, 탄천의 영향을 받는 정점 2는 상대적으로 수질이 악화되어 호오염성 종들이 높은 분포를 나타내고 있었다. 또한 부착돌말류 중 Cymbella minuta는 다른 부착돌말류에 비해 강한 오염지표성을 나타내고 있었다.p=0.000, $4.76{\pm}3.31$

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.19-36
• /
• 1988

To investigate edge vegetation structure and edge species in Chiak Mountain National Park, field survey was executed from July to September, 1988. Canonpy drip-line type, cantilevered type and advancing type of edge vegetation were observed on site. The relative importance values of major species in each crown layer were changed along distance from edge to forest interior differently by aspect and present tree layer vegetation. Especially light-oriented edge species as codominant species were observed in Pinus densiflora forest interior at south slope and moisture - oriented species as codominant species were observed with light-oriented species in north edge beside torrential stream. No. of species and individuals by crown layer, species diversities and dissimilarities were decreased according to the distance from edge to forest interior, and edge depth was estimated as 15-20m. Dominant species of edge in shrub and ground layer were different by altitude and topographic locations; valley, ridge, summit and edge species at summit were not observed at other area. Floristic similarities between edge vegetations at different environments were affected by altitude, aspect and topographic location. Frequency classes of edge species were different by aspect, altitude and topographic location. Weigela subscssilis showed high frequency class in all environment conditions and Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Symplocos chinensis for, pilosa, weigela subscssilis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Actinidia arguta, Rubus crategifolius. Pinus densiflora, Aralia elata etc, were observed as edge species at all environmental conditions, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.549-560
• /
• 2015

The priorities of siting restriction was derived from quantification of environmental hazard according to industrial classification based on 'Chemical Ranking and Scoring System(CRS)' which is handling the discharge characteristics of 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at 'Industrial Complex in Rural Area(ICRA)'. CRS that is utilizing the data of 'Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers(PRTR)' is applied to determine human health risk and ecological risk which are calculated by discharged amount and materials $LC_{50}$ according to water, soil and air media based on industrial classification. From this process, exposure assessment and toxicity assessment for integrating the adverse environmental impact and the mitigation effect of environmental risk according to the development of environmental technologies into establishing the rational landuse management method for the 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at ICRA was analyzed. From the assessment result of the siting restriction removal at ICRA for 31 industrial classifications, based on 2012 year reference 6 industries that includes Manufacture of Guilt Coloration Surface Processing Steel Materials, Manufacture of Biological Product, Manufacture of Smelting Refining and Alloys of Copper, Dyeing and Finishing of Fibers and Yarns, Manufacture of Other Basic Iron and Steel n.e.c., Rolling Drawing and Extruding of Non-ferrous Metals n.e.c. are calculated as having relatively lower environmental hazards, thus it is judged that the siting restriction mitigation at ICRA is possible for the 6 industrial classifications that are not discharging the specific hazardous water contaminants during manufacturing process.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.280-289
• /
• 2009

The fish communities and physical habitat conditions of fifteen tributaries of Lake Paldang in spring and autumn, 2008 were surveyed to evaluate the ecological health of the streams. The total 2,746 individuals were collected belonging to 11 families 31 genera 40 species. Two new species (Cottus koreanus, Gnathopogon strigaus) that have never been reported as yet in Lake Paldang watershed were found for the first time. The most dominant species in the tributaries was Acheilognathus yamatsutae (19.9%) which is Korean endemic species. Ecological health evaluation of fifteen tributaries using index of biological integrity (IBI) model for fish community and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) was performed. According th the IBI analysis, four streams (Siwoo-Stream, Jojong-Stream, Moonho-Stream and Mugab-Stream) were evaluated as "good" condition (B grade), Woosan-Stream were "poor" condition (D grade) and others were "fair" condition (C grade). Qualitative habitat evaluation index values of the four streams were the grade "II" indicating "good" condition and those of eleven streams were the grade "III", indicating 'fair' condition. On the whole, dataset of IBI and QHEI showed that ecological health of Jojong-Stream has been well maintained compared to other tributaries of Lake Paldang.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.120-123
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 농천어메니티의 개념을 토대로 농촌주민과 도시민의 가치라고 할 수 있는 정주기능으로서의 생활자원화와 방문가치로서의 관광자원화로 구분하고, 이를 토대로 도시민과 농촌주민, 전문가들을 대상으로 농촌자원의 중요도와 순위적 관계를 분석하였다. 구체적인 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농촌자원을 자연적 자원과 문화적 자원, 사회적 자원으로 구분하여 37개 자원을 설정하였다. 이러한 농촌자원은 농촌어메니티를 형성하거나 형성에 영향을 미치는 대상이라고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 이러한 농촌자원은 농촌주민과 도시민이 지닌 가치에 기초하여 생활자원적 가치와 관광가치적 가치를 동시에 혹은 차등적으로 지닐 수 있다. 이러한 관점은 농촌자원에 대한 중요도 평균에 대한 차이검증(t-test)을 수행한 결과 전체 자원의 56.8%에 해당하는 21개가 유의미한 차이를 보인 결과에 의해 지지를 받는다. 셋째, 농촌자원에 대한 순위적 상관관계분석에서도 전문가와 전체집단에서 생활자원과 관광자원에 대한 순위상관관계가 의미가 없는 것으로 나타나 위의 두번째 결과를 지지하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 농촌자원의 개발 방향과 가치부여가 자원의 속성에 따라 차등적으로 진행되어져야 함을 보여준다. 다섯째, 농촌자원의 유형을 생활자원화와 관광자원화에 대한 중요도의 표준화 점수에 기초하여 4개 유형(유형 I~IV)으로 구분하였다. 이러한 유형별 자원중요도를 고려하여 농촌마을의 개발목적에 비추어 생활자원형이나 관광자원형과의 연계를 통해 마을의 정체성과 특성화에 기여할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)를 고지도와 지리지.읍지를 통하여 살펴봄으로써 변한 것과 변하지 않는 것을 분석하여 시대상의 복원과 지역사회의 정체성 확립에 일조하고자 한다.곡물의 여러 줄기가 합수하고 물이 역류하지 않으며 잘 감아도는 곳으로 표현할 수 있다 이러한 명당의 기본적인 원리는 장풍(藏風)과 득수득파(得水得破)이다. 장풍과 득수란 '국'(局), 즉 산줄기와 수계로 이루어진 일정한 범위 속에 만물이 생태계 속에서 살아가는 모습인 '체형(體形)'의 의미가 나타나야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 의미는 시대에 따라 달라질 수 있는 것이다.면적의 52%를 점유하여 감자 재배지의 핵심지를 이룬다. 4. 한국 감자 재배지역 중심지의 지리적 특징은, 높은 산지지역의 산록완사면에 밭작물로 재배된다는 점과 교통이 불편한 지역으로서 도시화와 산업화 지역의 그늘 지역이 대부분이다. 강원도의 감자 재배지는 감자재배에 적합한 자연환경과 화전농업의 전통, 감자 재배기술의 전파, 중앙정부와 지방정부가 지원하는 각종 연구소 분포와 영농지도, 씨감자 생산과 협동조합의 판로 개척, 도로 개설과 포장 등의 인문지리적 요인이 영농조건을 개선하고 감자 판매를 위한 시장접근을 용이하게 하여, 남한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.435-447
• /
• 2013

This study aims to propose basic data for improvements that can actively respond to climate change in the Green Building Certifications that came into effect in March 2013, including the analysis of evaluation criteria and applications. In response to climate change, Green Building Certifications in developed countries such as BREEAM(UK), LEED(USA), DGNB(Germany), and CASBEE(Japan), have been extended to the neighborhood unit or city levels, i.e., BREEAM Communities, LEED Neighborhood Development, DGNB Stadtquartiere, CASBEE Urban Development. On the other hand, for the Green Building Certifications in Korea, some criteria such as indoor environment and energy have been given more emphasis than others such as external environment(land use, traffic, ecological environment). In addition, results from the analysis of the evaluation scores on the external environment of 79 housing complexes show that the score on the indoor environment and energy determines the evaluation grade, whereas the score on the external environment is less weighted and has less impact. Therefore, the new evaluation system for the Green Building Certifications responding to climate change should be extended from building level to urban district levels.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to provide useful knowledge for recreation management in natural park(NP) by evaluating use suitability of recreation resource. We had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed 385 visitors at 6 of the 73 NP in Korea in 2001, based on stratified sampling method. We have analyzed the data using the multiple regression method. We found that 1) in bivariate analysis, the relationships between use suitability and all the recreation resources are fairly high and statistically significant. The higher the degree of recreation resources, the higher the degree of use suitability. 2) in multivariate analysis, topography, social resource(SR), cultural resource(CR), landscape, smell, color and sound(SCS) have been turned out to be statistically significant at one percent level. 3) the direction of relationship between topography, SR, CR, landscape, SCS and use suitability is same. 4) in relative contribution of the use suitability of recreation resource, level of topography has been turned out to have about 1.05, 1.56, 2.16 and 2.70 times more important than that of SCS, SR, landscape, topography, respectively This results will be used for a criterion for recreation resource evaluation and a settlement of management priority and increasing user's satisfaction.