• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.385-403
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• 2017

This study showed the national ecosystem classification for the spatial standards of ecosystems-based approaches to the risk assessments and adaptation plan. The characteristics of climate change risk assessment, implement national adaptation plans, and ecosystem/habitat classification status was evaluated. Focusing on the land cover classification widely utilized as spatial data for the assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the UK and other countries in Europe, the applicability of the national land cover classification for climate change risk assessments was reviewed. Considering the ecosystem classification for climate change risk assessment and establishing adaptation measures, it is difficult to apply rough classification method to the land cover system because of lack of information on habitat trend by categorization. The results indicated that forest ecosystems and agro-ecosystem occupied 62.3% and 25.0% of land cover, respectively, of the entire country. Although the area is small compared with the land area, wetland ecosystem (2.9%), marine ecosystem (0.4%), coastal ecosystem (0.6%), and urban ecosystem (6.1%) can be included in the risk assessments. Therefore, it is necessary to subdivide below the medium classification for the forest and agricultural land, as well as Inland wetland, which has a higher proportion of habitat preference of taxa than land area, marine/coastal habitat, and transition areas such as urban and natural ecosystem.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2022

Busan, where the coastal ecosystem health is deteriorating due to high development pressure and intensity of use, needs ecosystem management that considers humans and the natural environment together for sustainable use and ecosystem preservation of the coastal areas. In this study, the InVEST model was applied to assess the habitat status of the coastal land and coastal sea to manage the ecosystem based on habitats. As a result of the assessment of the coastal land, the habitat quality of Gadeok-do, Igidae, and Sinseondae, Gijang-gun are high, and Seo-gu, Jung-gu, Dong-gu, and Suyeong-gu are low. In the case of the coastal sea, the habitat risk of the Nakdong river estuary is low, and some areas of Yeongdo-gu, Saha-gu, Gangseo-gu are high. Therefore, for the sustainable use and preservation of coastal ecosystems, it is necessary to prepare ecosystem-based management measures to improve damaged habitats and reduce threats. In addition, the impact on coastal seas should be fully considered when planning coastal land development. The results of the InVEST habitat quality model in coastal land show similar tendencies to the biotope and environmental conservation value assessment map. The results of the habitat risk assessment in the coastal sea are expected to be utilized to identify habitats in the coastal sea and management of threat factors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.622-627
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• 2007

최근 하천의 모습은 이수 및 치수를 위해 설치된 수공구조물과 각종 오염원으로 인한 수질악화, 산업화 및 도시화에 따른 물순환시스템의 변화로 하천의 물순환 시스템이 바뀌게 되고 하천을 찾는 시민들의 환경의식 미성숙으로 인한 직간접적인 하천오염 활동이 이루어지고 있다. 하천에 대한 이러한 변화는 수질, 수량 및 하천의 구조적 측면에서 하천 생태계에 많은 영향을 끼치고 있다. 따라서 하천의 정상적인 기능을 회복시켜 하천 생태계 보전과 환경적으로 안정된 하천 조성이 이루어지도록 하기 위해서는 하천을 보다 자연스럽고 지속적으로 관리하기 위한 효율적인 환경유량의 관리가 필요하다. 하천의 전체적인 생태시스템을 고려한 환경유량의 관리를 위해서는 기존 환경유량의 개념, 산정방법 등 현황을 분석하고 하천 생태계에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대한 관리방안을 마련하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구의 목표는 하천생태계에 대한 영향인자의 장단점을 분석하고 이들이 어느 정도의 영향을 미치고 있는지를 정량적으로 파악함으로써 사회적으로 요구되는 환경유량을 산정할 때 어류 및 식생 등 하천의 생태계와 하천의 수량 및 수질, 하천의 수리구조물 등 하천의 구조적인 변화를 고려할 수 있는 방안을 마련하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 우선적으로 국외 선진국에서 활용되고 있는 다학제간 전문가 그룹(Multi-disciplinary Expert Team, MET)을 통해 하천 생태시스템을 분석하고 환경유량 산정 모형을 활용하여 저수지 댐과 연계 운영함으로써 어류 및 식생 등 생태서식처와 사회환경 개선에 필요한 유량을 유지할 수 있는 방안을 적용하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 대상유역인 금강유역에 대해 환경유량을 산정하기 위한 개념모형을 구축하였다. 개념모형은 대청댐 건설 이전, 대청댐 건설이후${\sim}$용담댐 건설 이전, 대청댐과 용담댐 건설 이후 등 3개의 시나리오를 통해 하도 및 수변공간과 유량변화에 따른 유황분석 등을 통해 손실된 생태시스템을 정량화하여 궁극적으로는 복원을 위한 대응방안을 마련하도록 할 수 있도록 구축되었다. 또한 댐으로 인한 하류지역의 영향범위 및 하천생태계에 미친 영향을 감소하기 위하여 적절한 환경유량을 산정하기 위한 것이다. 구축된 개념모형을 바탕으로, 금강유역에 대한 기초적인 수문, 하천특성, 현장조사 등을 실시하였다. 향후에는 본 연구결과를 기초로 하여 환경유량을 산정하기 위한 모형을 개발하고 산정된 환경유량을 확보 및 관리하기 위한 방안과 친환경적인 댐 운영방안을 마련하게 될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The increases of industrial and technological development and human activities have disturbed the balance of natural nitrogen (N) circulation. These phenomena have induced that large amounts of N are to be present in excess in air, soil and water environment. We investigated the effects of excess of reactive nitrogen ($N_r$) compounds on soil and water environment ecosystems through literature and case studies, and suggested the strategy of mitigating the acidification in soil and water ecosystems. $N_r$ moves to air, soil and water media, can be converted to different types, and interacts with other chemical compounds. As an efficient N management plan, the evaluation (application of monitoring and safety index) and the chemical restoration (research and development) of the acidification in soil and water environment ecosystems are required to minimize the effects of $N_r$ as well as policies to regulate the various emission sources and amounts of $N_r$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 1999

지구규모의 대기-지표-생물권(Atmo-Geo-Bio-Sphere)간의 끊임없는 상호작용(Interaction)의 피드백(Feedback)의 결과로 야기되는 기상변화는 아직도 이해를 위한 우리의 노력이 더욱 요구되고 있는 자연현상이다. 지구상의 모든 생물은 궁극적으로는 환경변화에 순응하여 생태계의 안정을 유지하는 방향으로 진화할 것이므로 생물자원의 관리분야라 할 수 있는 농업생산도 결국 기상자원의 변화에 효율적으로 적응하기 위한 인간활동인 것이다. 최근 빈발하고 있는 세계적인 이상기상의 출현은 일시적인 현상이 아니라 과도한 인간활동에서 야기된 대기질의 악화에 기인하는 비가역적이고 비선형적인 현상이라는데 불확실성과 심각성이 매우 크다. 지구상의 모든 농업생태계는 기상의 영향을 크게 받을 뿐만 아니라 반대로 기상에 커다란 영향을 미치는 중요한 생물권의 일부로 인식되고 있다. 농업활동의 결과는 항상 크던 작던 간에 대기조성에 영향을 미치게 되고 이는 다시 상호작용과 피드백에 의해 기상과 기후를 변화시키는 동인이 될 수 있다. 지구환경변화와 농업과의 관계는 지금까지는 주로 "기후변화가 농업생산에 미치는 영향"에 대한 접근방법을 택하여 왔다. 여기에서는 이와는 달리 "농업활동이 기후변화와 변동에 미칠 수 있는 가능성과 잠재력"에 대한 접근방법을 이용하여 농업과 기상과의 상호작용과 피드백효과를 새로운 시각에서 조견하고자 하였다. 상호작용 중 먼저 기후학적 변화원인으로 관심대상이 되고 있는 농업생태계의 온실기체 방출과 고정의 측면에서 이와 연관성이 높은 농업활동별로 온실가스의 방출/고정에 미치는 영향을 소개하고, 다음으로 생물지리화학적 및 생물지리물리학적 해석 방법을 검토 소개하였다. 한편 농업활동에 따른 지표면 특성의 변화가 국지기상 변화에 미치는 영향에 대한 검토를 에너지수지와 수분수지 관점에서 소개하였으며, 끝으로 농업활동의 근거지인 농촌지역의 인문사회학적 변화와 농업활동간의 관계, 그리고 이들이 기후변화/변동에 미칠 수 있는 잠재적 영향력을 살펴보았다.수 있는 잠재적 영향력을 살펴보았다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.363-376
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• 2023

As the risk of biodiversity reduction and extinction becomes serious due to climate change and indiscriminate development, the importance of conservation of the natural environment and ecosystem is increasing. In this situation, Ireviewed that overseas cases of the ecological outlook and evaluation system aimed at providing information on natural resources and ecosystem change. As a results, other countries showed that various research institutes have been carrying on field surveys by classification group, but it was different from us that the investigated data are collected and managed in an integrated manner and repeatedly provided within a short period of time. In addition, it was analyzed that it was highly utilized in policy and environmental impact assessment by providing evaluation-based prediction and outlook information along with basic survey data. Based on this, the limitations of information use in our wildlife surveys and environmental impacts assessments were analyzed, and the estabilishment of a ecology outlook and evaluation system and policy support measures were considered. In addition, based on the proposed outlook and evaluation system preparation plan, a policy direction that can be effectively used in domestic natural ecosystem policies was proposed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.47-65
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• 2020

With the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in sight, innovative business models utilizing new technologies are emerging, and startups are enjoying an abundance of opportunities based on the agility to respond to disruptive innovations and the opening to new technologies. However, what is most important in creating a sustainable start-up ecosystem is not the start-up itself, but the process of research-start-investment-investment-the leap to listing and big business-in order to build a virtuous circle of startups that leads to re-investment. To this end, the environment created in the hub area where start-ups were conducted is important, and these material and non-material environmental factors are described as being inclusive by the word "entrepreneurial ecosystem." This study aims to provide implications for Korea's entrepreneurial ecosystem through the study of the interaction of the elements that make up the start-up ecosystem and the relationship of ecosystem participants in Singapore. Singapore has been consistently mentioned as the top two Asian countries in assessing the start-up environment and business environment. In this process, six elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem presented by Isenberg(2010)-policies, finance, culture, support, human resources, and market-are the best frameworks for analyzing entrepreneurial ecosystems in terms of well encompassing prior studies related to entrepreneurial ecosystem elements, and a model of regional transformation is formed focusing on some elements to suit Singapore, the target area of study. By considering that Singapore's political nature would inevitably have a huge impact on finance, Smart Nation policy was having an impact on university education related to entrepreneurship, and that the entrepreneurial networks and global connectivity formed within Singapore's start-up infrastructure had a significant impact on Singapore's start-up's performance, researches needed to look more at the factors of policy, culture and market. In addition, qualitative research of participants in the entrepreneurial ecosystem was essential to understand the internal interaction of the elements of the start-up ecosystem, so the semi-structured survey was conducted by visiting the site. As such, this study examined the status of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem based on qualitative research focused on policies, culture and market elements of Singapore's start-up ecosystem, and intended to provide implications for regulations related to start-ups, the role of universities and start-up infrastructure through comparison with Korea. This could contribute not only to the future research of the start-up ecosystem, but also to the creation of a start-up infrastructure, boosting the start-up ecosystem, and the establishment of the orientation of the start-up education in universities.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

The importance of startups and ventures in the Korean economy is growing. This study measured whether the start-up and venture ecosystem is growing, including the growth of startups and ventures. The startup and venture ecosystem consists of startups and ventures, investors, and government, which are the main actors of the 'ecosystem', and their movements were measured with 25 quantitative indicators. Based on the original data of the time series from 2010 to 2020, the startup and venture ecosystem index was calculated by applying weights through the comprehensive stock index method and AHP. In 2020, the startup and venture ecosystem grew 2.9 times compared to 2010, and the increase in the government index had a significant impact on growth. Also, the individual indicators that make up each index in 2020, the corporate index had the greatest impact on the growth of the number of 100-billion ventures, while the investment index had a recovery amount and the government index had a significant impact. Based on the original data, the startup and venture ecosystem index was analyzed by dividing it into ecosystems (startup ecosystem and venture ecosystem), industry by industry (all industries and manufacturing industry), and region (Korea and Busan). As a result, the growth of the startup ecosystem over the past decade has been slightly larger than that of the venture ecosystem. The manufacturing was lower than that of all industries, and Busan was lower than that of the nation. This study was intended to use it for the establishment and implementation of support policies by developing, measuring, and monitoring the startup and venture ecosystem index. This index has the advantage of being able to research the interrelationships between major actors, and anyone can calculate the index using the results of official statistical surveys. In the future, it is necessary to continuously update this content to understand how economic and social events or policy support have affected the startup and venture ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.259-273
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• 2022

Interactions between species in a community are very complex, and they are visualized and analyzed through a food web in simple way. Food web is a network of species connected by trophic links showing energy flow from prey to predator. Various models were developed to characterize the food web in ecosystems. In this study, we classified food web models to static models such as Ecopath and dynamic models such as AQUATOX. We presented characteristics of several different types of food web models in each category, and reviewed their applications used in aquatic ecosystems. Finally, we presented issues to be considered to develop food web models.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.243-255
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present the factors that affect business model and product innovation on the enterprise performance of the mobile ecosystem, and to confirm the results of whether they have an effect. To this end, through prior research, business model factors and product innovation factors were defined in the mobile ecosystem that was the mother of the 4th industry, and a hypothesis that each factor will affect corporate performance was established. Through the exploratory surveys and interviews, the value proposition of the business model proved to have a positive (+) effect on the financial and non-disaster performance of the company, and the innovation was proved to have a positive (+) effect on the non-financial performance of the company. It was analyzed that the price competitiveness of product innovation had a positive (+) effect on the financial factors of a company, and the initial market entry had a positive (+) effect on the non-financial factors. With this study, we propose the criteria for reviewing the performance of companies that are rapidly competing in the 4th industrial revolution in terms of business model and product innovation.