• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2019

In this study, the quality characteristics of the mother material of panel were evaluated for the production of moss panel using alumina cement and biological characteristics and environmental impact characteristics of moss panel were evaluated. The ratio of W/B 10%, Vs/Vm 20% and foaming agent 0.5% were selected as the basic mixing ratio for the mother panel of moss panel through pretest and SAP was added to improve the moisture content of panel. The optimal mixing ratio of SAP was considered to be less than 0.5% considering the quality characteristics. Also, through the use of alumina cement, the pH of the panel could be lowered to 10~11. The panel was able to improve the surface roughness through the foaming agent, and it was confirmed that the SAP had an effect of improving the moisture content of the panel. For the environmental impact characteristics of the moss panel, the moss panel evaluated the carbon dioxide reduction performance and the fine dust cleaning performance.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.441-477
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• 2020

There have been raised other environmental issues related to remediated soils piled up in numerous carry-out processing facilities because a considerable quantity of them have been produced every year, but most of them have not been relevantly reused or recycled. Thus, this article reports the trend of researches on the development of techniques to restore the quality of remediated soils to activate their reuse and recycling. Firstly, the tendency of change in soil properties through remediation processes was looked over, and then the degradation of soil quality was characterized according to the type of remediation processes. Besides, the direction of policy to promote the reuse and recycling of remediated soils was introduced, and finally, the future works needed were suggested. This article was prepared based on the results of the survey of domestic and foreign literature. A number of literature were reviewed to scrutinize the change of soil properties due to remediation processes and diverse techniques for the amendment and restoration of remediated soils. Furthermore, the policies related to the reuse and recycling of remediated soils were arranged with the reference of the first and second versions of the Soil Conservation Master Plan of Korea. The literature survey focused on three kinds of remediation technologies, such as land farming, soil washing, and thermal desorption, which were most frequently used so far in Korea. The results indicate that the tendency of change in soil properties was significantly different depending on the type of remediation processes applied, and the degradation characteristics of soil quality were also totally different between them. The soil amendment and restoration can be categorized as three techniques depending on the type of substances used, such as inorganic, organic, and biological ones. Diverse individual materials have been used, and the soil properties improved or enhanced were dependent on the type of specific materials utilized. However, few studies on the restoration of soil qualities degraded during the remediation processes have not been carried out so far. The second Soil Conservation Master Plan states the quality certification and target management system of remediated soils, and it is expected that their reuse and recycling will be facilitated hereafter. With the consideration of the type of remediation processes implemented and public utility, the restoration technologies of remediated soils should be developed for the vitalization of their reuse and recycling. Besides, practical and specific measures should be taken to support the policy specified in the second Soil Conservation Master Plan and to promote reuse/recycling of remediated soils.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2011

Changes in total nitrogen (T.N.) and total phosphate (T.P.) content in environmental waste water upon the reaction of biological purifying reagents were measured and the reaction rate was evaluated. The purification capacity of two biological purifying reagents composed of vegetable Lactobacillus fermentum (V.L.F.), Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S.C), and Bacillus subtilis(B.S.) were evaluated and compared with that of commercial water purification system operating by local government. After 18days of reaction, the mixture of V.L.F. and S.C. showed dramatic decrease of T.N.(36.21% of the initial value). The mixture of V.L.F., S.C., and B.S. showed faster reaction rate to decrease T.P. compared with that of the mixture of V.L.F. and S.C. The reaction constant of mixture of V.L.F. and S.C. was estimated to be 0.178 $day^{-1}$ by the curve fitting of the data of changes in T.N. during the reaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.564-570
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• 2013

Domestic treatment facilities for acid mine drainage (AMD) mostly used a passive treatment process. But some passive treatment facility discharged high manganese concentrations because it is required high pH (>9) for abiotic oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV). This study was focused on the feasibility of biological manganese treatment using the manganese-oxidizing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. MN5) from AMD and economical application method of it. To investigate the various conditions of water quality the most part of the experiments were based on batch test. And result of it showed that maximum manganese oxidation rate were $10.4mg/L{\cdot}h$ at the pH7. We also performed small column tests in which MOB were attached to the functional polyurethane (FPU) media containing alkaline chemicals. Manganese concentration decreased 42 mg/L to below 6 mg/L. But anaerobic condition formed by excessive bacterial respiration in column resulted in increasing effluent manganese concentration.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2007

Masan Bay is a representative semi-closed bay acted as a sedimentation reservoir with a slow current velocity and a poor water circulation in Korea. The pollutants from terrestrial sources into the Masan Bay have apparently environmental pollution problems, such as eutrophication, red tied, and hypoxia. In this study, An ecological modeling work was performed to estimate the material circulation including the growth of bivalve in ecosystem. Furthermore, the effect of water purification was calculated by filter feeding bivalve to particulate organic matter just like COD and phytoplankton. And Water quality management strategy by bio-purification of bivalve is derived through selection of location, quantification of bivalve aquaculture farm. The results showed that the optimum location for bivalve farming is where phytoplankton accumulation by physical processes is maximized and the optimum density and area of bivalve are 35 individuals $m^{-3}$ and ca. 500 hectare, respectively. When assuming conditions for the optimum growth of bivalve, COD could decrease by up to 18% even without other reduction of pollution loads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.304-311
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• 2012

Chlorinated ethylenes such as perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are widely used as industrial solvents and degreasing agents. Because of improper handling, these highly toxic chlorinated ethylenes have been often detected from contaminated soils and groundwater. Biological PCE dechlorination activities were tested in bacterial cultures inoculated with 10 different environmental samples from sediments, sludges, soils, and groundwater. Of these, the sediment using culture (SE 2) was selected and used for establishing an efficient PCE dechlorinating enrichment culture since it showed the highest activity of dechlorination. The cathode chamber of bioelectrochemical system (BES) was inoculated with the enrichment culture and the system with a cathode polarized at -500 mV (Vs Ag/AgCl) was operated under fed-batch mode. PCE was dechlorinated to ethylene via TCE, cis-dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. Microbial community analysis with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) showed that the microbial community in the enrichment culture was significantly changed during the bio-electrochemical PCE dechlorination in the BES. The communities of suspended-growth bacteria and attached-growth bacteria on the cathode surface are also quite different from each other, indicating that there were some differences in their mechanisms receiving electrons from electrode for PCE dechlorination. Further detailed research to investigate electron transfer mechanism would make the bioelctrochemical dechlorination technique greatly useful for bioremediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethylenes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2005

The aim of this article is to assess the application characteristics of the site by remediating oil-contaminated area using DSB (Deep-site Biopile) system. In the contaminated area, the soil was composed of penetrable sand and the leaked oil was spread widely (total 7,201 cubic meters) through 2.5 meter deep underground water flow. DSB system was operated for 30 minutes intervals for 24 hours in a day (30 minutes opεration and 30 minutes stop). To check contamination level change in the contaminated area after DSB system was operated, samples were taken. The result from the site shows that BTEX/TPH contamination level was dropped 50% after 30-day operation of DSB system, and that contamination level was dropped below contamination level check standard after 165 days and the remediation was completed. Unlike traditional biological remediation methods DSB system could efficiently process soil and water which were contaminated by high levels of oil compounds.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.185-199
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• 2017

Methane, which is emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources, is a representative greenhouse gas for global warming. Methanotrophs are widespread in the environment and play an important role in the biological oxidation of methane via methane monooxygenases (MMOs), key enzymes for methane oxidation with broad substrate specificity. Methanotrophs have attracted attention as multifunctional bacteria with promising applications in biological methane mitigation technology and environmental bioremediation. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge regarding the biodiversity of methanotrophs, catalytic properties of MMOs, and high-cell density cultivation technology. In addition, we have reviewed the recent advances in biological methane mitigation technologies using methanotrophs in field-scale systems as well as in lab-scale bioreactors. We have also surveyed information on the dynamics of the methanotrophic community in biological systems and discussed the various challenges pertaining to methanotroph-related biotechnological innovation, such as identification of suitable methanotrophic strains with better and/or novel metabolic activity, development of high-cell density mass cultivation technology, and the microbial consortium (methanotrophs and non-methanotrophs consortium) design and control technology.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.spc
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Lake Suwa is a natural lake which is well-known for sightseeing and fisheries. It had suffered severe eutrophication during 1960s and 1970s with the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and the extinction of some benthic animals. Since 1980 water quality has been improved due to efforts of local government, scientists, and citizens. Of various methods that were attempted to improve the water quality of Lake Suwa biological methods received much attention, because it can improve the lake ecosystem integrity and fisheries in addition to the water quality. The aim of this paper is to introduce the biological methods for water quality improvement that had been employed in Lake Suwa, Japan, and their contribution to the economic benefit of local residents. Until now a significant restoration of water quality has been achieved, but there are insufficient recovery of the sediment and biota due to anoxic hypolimnion of the lake. This study proposed suspended cage culture of bivalves as a feasible method of water quality improvement. Increased grazing by bivalves will contribute to the improvement of water quality and fisheries production, which will contribute both to the ecological restoration and economy of local residents.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

As Total Maximum Daily Load program is being implemented, needs for the management and treatment of contaminated sediment are rising to attain cleaner water resources. In this paper, impacts and management methods of contaminated sediment were reviewed. Remediation technologies for contaminated sediment including dredging, natural attenuation, in situ solidification/stabilization, in situ biological remediation, in situ chemical remediation and capping were reviewed. Integrated remediation scheme was presented as well.