• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.866-875
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• 2019

In this study, The Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was used to identify pollutant sources and their contributions to $PM_{2.5}$. The contribution rankings by emission source in A city were ash dust (30.1%) > biomass burning (21.9%) > secondary pollutants (21.1%) > mobile source (19.3%) > area sources (7.6%), and The emission sources increased from the contribution of the CMB model and the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) emissions were biomass burning and secondary pollutants, and The emission sources reduced were mobile source, ash dust, and area sources.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

Recent findings have revealed that black carbon is one of the substantial materials affecting climate change along with greenhouse gases. Usually, black carbon is generated by incomplete combustion of biomass and deposited on snow and ice surface, resulting in increasing adsorption of radiant energy and accelerating ice melting. However, it is still questionable what the emission characteristics of black carbons from biomass combustion is. We investigated the emission characteristics of black carbon generated from a wood stove in this study. We found that the emission of black carbon was highly dependent upon combustion temperature and the amount of combustion air supplied. The emission factors were 1.01 g-BC/kg-Oak for fireplace wood burning under incomplete combustion, 0.37 g-BC/kg-Oak for fireplace wood burning under complete combustion and 0.29 g-BC/kg-Oak for small wood-stove burning.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.365-366
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.545-551
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• 2012

Due to the use of polymeric materials in construction materials, the fire combustion gases that occur in the fire are various. The one of combustion gases, HBr is measured to evaluate the toxicity of the combustion gases in the FTP Code Part 2, Standard NES 713 and Standard BS 6853. According to the MSDS, Inhalation of HBr gas especially cause burn, respiratory dysfunction, headache, etc. The people who are exposed to 50ppm of HBr gas, very irritant gas may also frequently result in both immediate death and post-exposure deaths due to pulmonary complications. In this paper, we conduct a research on the combustion toxicity of HBr gas hazardous test which is motility measurement of the mice exposed to the HBr standard gas comparing the biological analysis result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.9-14
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• 1999

1. LPG 온풍기는 용량 16$\times$$10^4$ ㎉ 건타입가스버너, 연소부 및 열교환부, 6개의 50kgLPG탱크와 자동절체기, 가스메타, 배관으로 구성하였다. LPG 온풍기의 이론연소효율은 91%, $CO_2$ 배출량은 11.74%, CO배출량은 0ppm, 과잉공기비는 1.16, 배기가스온도는 253$^{\circ}C$, 온풍온도는 8$0^{\circ}C$로서 우수한 성능으로 나타났다. 2. LPG온풍기에서 배출되는 배기가스중의 $CO_2$ 를 온실로 공급하기 위하여 $CO_2$ 공급기를 제작하여 배출가스연도에 부착하였다. $CO_2$ 공급기는 흡입형 시로코팬(1200㎥/h)과 차단문으로 이루어졌다. 1-2W형 300평 온실내의 $CO_2$ 농도를 1000ppm으로 올리기 위해서는 $CO_2$ 공급기를 약 1시간 정도 운전시켜야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 3. LPG온풍기와 경유온풍기의 경제성 비교분석에 의하면 현 시점의 경유 가격 242원, LP가스 가격 435원을 기준으로 연간소요비용은 각각 5,392,430원, 5,299,917원으로 경유온풍기가 10만원 정도 경제적이지만 탄산가스 시용비용, 탄산가스 공급으로 인한 작물의 수량증대 및 고품질 생산물을 고려한다면 LPG온풍기 사용이 더 경제적이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2013

Recently Korea considers the source of biomass burning emissions reflecting national characteristic, so that includes the inventory of emission source but preceding research is rarely implemented in Korea. Therefore, a study on characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning is necessary and it also makes the source management effectively when the climate-atmospheric management system takes effect. In this study, using the manufactured charcoal kiln and the number of experiment was three times to get a reliable experiment result. The sampling time was decided by changing degree in charcoal kiln and charcoal manufacturing process. The results of calculation greenhouse gas emission factor from charcoal kiln were $668g\;CO_2/kg$, $20g\;CH_4/kg$, $0.01g\;N_2O/kg$. Using the emission factor developed in this study, estimate the emissions from charcoal kiln in Korea. The results of calculation were $46,040ton\;CO_2/yr$, $1,378ton\;CH_4/yr$, $0.69ton\;N_2O/yr$ and greenhouse gas emissions applying GWP are as follows. $CH_4$ emissions was $28,947ton\;CO_2eq./yr$, $N_2O$ emissions was $214ton\;CO_2eq./yr$. As a results, Gross emissions of charcoal kiln in Korea was $75,201ton\;CO_2eq./yr$, but the oak used in this study is included to the biomass so emissions of $CO_2$ are excluded. Therefore the net emissions of charcoal kiln in Korea was $29,161ton\;CO_2eq./yr$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.369-370
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• 2000

석유화학공업단지, 도장공업, 유기용제 제조공정에서 휘발성유기화합물인 가스상 물질이 다양하게 배출되어진다. VOCs 제거하기 위해서 흡착, 연소, 광촉매, 코로나방전에 의한 플라즈마기술 등이 제어기술로 응용되고 있다. 또한 Bio필터를 이용한 휘발성 유기화합물의 제어기술은 비용절감을 위해서 이용되어왔지만, 생물학적 제어기술을 효과적으로 적용하기 위해서는 가스의 농도, 물리적 특성, 온도변화, 함수율 등의 영향인자에 따라서 재거효율이 민감하게 반응하는 특성 때문에 여러 가지 단점을 내포하고 있다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 1984

농업(農業)은 동식물(動植物)을 대상으로 하는 응용생태학(應用生態學)의 한 분야(分野)로 그의 발전과정(發展過程)은 환경(環境)과 밀접(密接)한 관계가 있다. 환경조건(環境條件)의 다양성(多樣性)은 대상생물(對象生物)의 종류(種類)를 풍부하게 하고 순화(馴化)된 생물(生物)의 사양(飼養) 과정에서 다양(多樣)한 농업형태(農業形態)를 발전시켰다. 생웅계(生熊系)는 자연(自然)의 한 단위로 구성요소(構成要素)들은 기능적(機能的)으로 통일성(統一性)을 유지하고 있다. 농생태계(農生態系)는 생산(生産)을 목표(目標)로 하는 동식물(動植物)을 중심(中心)으로 하는 생태계(生態系)로 자연생태계(自然生態系)와 기본적(基本的) 성질(性質)은 동일하나 인위적(人爲的) 요소(要素)가 크게 작용하고 있는 특리(特異)한 생태계(生態系)이다. 작물(作物)이나 가축(家畜)은 수천년에 걸친 생산력(生産力)의 증대(增大)를 목표(目標)로 인위적(人爲的)인 선발을 거친 것으로 자연조작하(自然條作下)에서 심한 경쟁(競爭)을 거치면서 진화(進化)한 야생생물(野生生物)들에 비하면 선천적(先天的) 포약성(胞弱性)을 갖고 있어 인간(人間)의 보호(保護)(에너지보조(補助))를 필요로 하고 있다. 농생태계(農生態系)는 공간적(空間的) 격리(隔離)와 구성종(構成種)의 단순화(單純化)로 공간적(空間的) 연쇄성(連鎖性)과 종다양도(種多樣度)가 큰 자연생태계(自然生態系)에 비하면 외적(外的) 충격에 대한 내부적(內部的) 완충능력(緩衝能力)이 약하다. 더우기 농생태계(農生態系)는 시간적(時間的) 연속성(連續性)이 없어 극상천이(極相遷移)단계에 달할 수 있는 시간적(時間的) 여유가 없어 생물상호간(生物相互間)의 관계는 초기(初期) 천이(遷移)단계의 특성(特性)인 종다양도(種多樣度)가 낮고 직선적(直線的)이고 단순(單純)한 먹이연쇄성(連鎖性)을 갖고 있다. 생물군집(生物群集)의 천이진행(遷移進行)에 따르는 종다양도(種多樣度)의 증가(增加)는 생물군집내(生物群集內) 현재량(現在量) 증가와 더부러 먹이 연쇄상(連鎖相)을 직선상(直線狀)에서 망상(網狀)으로 변화시키고 주된 물질(物質)${\cdot}$유전회로(流轉回路)를 포식(捕食)먹이 연소회로(連銷回路)에서 부식(腐食)먹이연쇄회로(連鎖回路)로 전환시켜 생태계(生態系)의 물질(物質)은 생태군집내(生態群集內)에 보존(保存)하는 능력(能力)을 증대(增大)시키고 토양(土壤)의 물리(物理) 화학적성질(化學的性質)을 개선하여 계내(系內) 물질(物質)의 유실(流失)을 억제하기도 한다. 농생태계(農生態系)는 생산성(生産性)의 증대(增大), 관리(管理)의 편의(便宜) 기타의 이유(理由)로 구성종수(構成種數)를 인위적으로 제한(制限)하고 관리(管理)를 통하여 발아(發芽), 생장(生長), 개화(開花)등 여러가지 생물학적(生物學的) 현상을 극도로 균질화(均質化)시키고 있어 어떤 생육단계(生育段階)의 생물(生物)이 넓은 면적(面積)에 동시에 존재하게 되는데 이것은 외적조건(外的條件)의 변동(變動)에 대한 감수성(感受性)을 증대시킨다. 이와 같은 자연생태계(自然生態系)와 농생태계(農生態系)의 생태학적(生態學的) 특성(特性)에 관한 이해(理解)와 인식(認識)은 농생태계(農生態系)의 생산성(生産性) 증대(增大)와 영구적(永久的) 유지(維持)를 위한 합리적(合理的) 관리(管理)를 위한 기본(基本)이 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.86-94
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• 2015

Torrefaction is a thermochemical process proceeded at the temperature around $250^{\circ}C$ in an inert gas condition. By torrefaction, the hemicellulose portions contained in biomass are broken down to change into the volatile gas which is removed from biomass eventually. The main purpose of biomass torrefaction is to improve the energy density of the biomass to minimize the transport energy consumption, though the flammability can be elevated for transportation. In this study two types of solid biomass fuel, waste wood and rice straw, were torrefied at various temperature range from $200^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the torrefied biomass characteristics. In addition torrefied biomass were tested to evaluate the combustion characteristics using TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis). After the torrefaction of biomass, the C/H (carbon to hydrogen ratio) and C/O (carbon to oxygen ratio) were measured for aquisition of bio-stability as well as combustion pattern. Generally C/H ratio implies the soot formation during combustion, and the C/O ratio for bio-stability. By torrefaction temperature at $300^{\circ}C$, C/H ratio and C/O ratio were increased by two times for C/H and three times for C/O. The torrefied biomass showed similar TGA pattern to coal compared to pure biomass; that is, less mass decrease at lower temperature range for torrefied biomass than the pure biomass.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

Combustion Toxic Effects among several factors of risk encountered during fire are important in the evacuation and final survival, and they are broader and fatal than the direct damages caused by flame. Most studies on fire toxicity until the present are limited to fatality, mainly deaths by fire through pathological research. In this study, it is conducted as a fundamental experiment to address 3 principles of animal experiment and to provide an alternative test to animal testing that is regulated by national building codes and it was conducted through approval by the animal testing ethics committee. Hence, in this study average time of activity stop was measured after directly inhaling toxic gases (HCN) to laboratory animals (mice) through gas toxicity test (KS F 2271) for major asphyxiating gases(HCN) which are produced during fire combustion. effects of Combustion toxic gases on body were quantitatively analyzed through changes in internal organs and hematological analysis, and electrophoresis of a single cell of these laboratory animals. Biological conclusion of combustion toxicology is drawn through approaches (pathological examination, blood test, blood biochemical test, electrophoresis analysis of single cell) which could not confirmed in existing gas toxicity test.