• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.156-157
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• 2003

지금까지 국내에서는 해양과 하천, 호소 둥을 포함한 수생환경의 오염을 평가하기 위하여 COD 등 20여 가지의 일반수질항목을 조사하는 이화학적 분석 기술만을 사용하여 왔다 그러나 이러한 이화학적 분석 결과는 중금속이나 유기화합물 등 다양한 유해물질의 생태계에 대한 위해성을 정확하게 반영하는 데에 많은 한계가 있다 이에 따라 선진국에서는 생물을 이용하여 환경내 유해물질의 위해성을 평가할 수 있는 다양한 생물검정법을 개발하여 널리 이용하고 있다. 국내에서도 최근 여러 종류의 생물검정법을 개발하여 오염평가에 이용하고자하는 노력이 있어왔다. 이러한 노력의 일환으로 본 연구진은 다양한 국내산 생물을 이용하여 수생환경내 유해물질의 생물독성 평가기술을 개발하고있다. 본 연구에서는 기수역 어류인 황복의 독성평가 시험생물로서의 적합성을 평가하고 이 생물을 이용한 독성평가기술의 표준화를 위하여 다양한 유해 물질에 농도별로 실험 생물을 노출하는 일련의 급성 독성 평가를 수행하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.84-85
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• 2004

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.528-532
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• 2012

This study investigated the possibility of phosphogypsum (PG) recycle as an embankment material by eco-toxicity experiments for S. capricornutum, T. suecica and D. magna. The eco-toxicity experiment was studied according to column leachates from PG mixing ratio, and a specific growth rate of S. capricornutum was usually higher than that of T. suecica. For D. magna, 0.3 of toxicity unit was obtained, which indicated the below of toxicity value of 1 at PG50 condition during a 48-hr test. A minor effect of column leachate samples on three organisms was observed. This study suggested that PG was satisfied with the criteria of waste recycle and could be reused at PG30 condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

In order to know the biological effect of effluent from shipyard and the adjacent stream water on four organisms (flatfish, rockfish, sea squirt and arkshell) cultured around the shipyard, lethal rate and DNA damage were measured after 48 hr exposure and carried out by a single cell gel electrophoresis, namely comet assay. $LC_{50}$ (48 hr) could not be calculated in any organism 48 hours after exposure to effluent from shipyard and stream water, because all organism showed a lethal rate lower than 20%. Regardless of no acute toxicity, DNA damage of flatfish and rockfish was detected higher in Jang-Pyoung stream than in control, whereas sea squirt revealed higher DNA damage in laundry waste water. From these results, Jang-Pyoung stream seemed to have a relatively higher genotoxicity rather than effluent from shipyard.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Acute toxicity tests for 5 organic solvents were conducted using Euglena agilis carter (E. agilis), a Korean domestic organism. Organic solvents decreased the growth rate of E. agilis in a dose dependent manner. The toxicity to E. agilis was increased in the order of chloroform>acetone${\geq}$ethanol${\geq}$methanol>DMSO based on $EC_{50}$ values from growth test. Organic solvents also induced cell motility and morphological changes of E. agilis. Especially significant effects on the cell swimming velocity, motility, and compactness were observed for chloroform at the concentration of $EC_{50}$ calculated from 96 hr growth test. Overall, toxic responses of E. agilis to test substances are comparable to or more sensitive than D. magna, M. macrocopa and V. fischeri. Our study demonstrates that E. agilis can be a putative ecotoxicity test model organism to assess domestic water quality. Results obtained from this study can be applied to establish the standard test guidelines for ecotoxicity test using E. agilis.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.357-369
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• 2007

Water fleas are very important organisms in aquatic ecosystem because they are key constituents of food webs as either glazers or foods for predators. Daphnia magna is a representative test species and it has been extensively used in ecotoxicity evaluation. However, Daphnia magna has not been found yet in Korean water environment. There are limitations of using the foreign species such as Daphnia magna to reflect domestic situations in Korea. Consequently it is mandatory to find domestic species suitable for bioassay, and to develop corresponding toxicity test methods using the domestic species. In this study, we widely collected the domestic and foreign toxicity test methods performed by using domestic water fleas in Korea. The 58 test methods were collected from the standard methods (OECD, US EPA, ASTM), government reports, SCI papers and domestic papers. Ten domestic water fleas selected were Bosmina longirostris, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Daphnia obtusa, Daphnia puex, Moina macrocopa, Moina micrura, Simocephalus mixtus, Simocephalus serrulatus, and Simocephalus vetulus. We suggested the domestic ecotoxicity test methods using domestic water fleas in Korea through providing a range of test conditions, and future directions for toxicity test using water flea. This study could be a useful basis for establishing the aquatic toxicity test methods with domestic organisms in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2008

Green algae are important primary producers in aquatic ecosystem, and they are sensitive test species in bioassay. Green algae are broadly used to assess the adverse effects of various chemicals by measuring the inhibition of metabolism, reproduction and survival. In this study, we extensively gathered domestic and foreign toxicity test methods conducted using green algae, which are distributed in Korean water environment. Selected eight domestic green algae were Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Desmodesmus subspicatus (=Scenedesmus subspicatus), Scenedesmus abundans, Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Podohedriella falcata (=Ankistrodesmus falcatus), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (=Selenastrum capricornutum), and Chlorella vulgaris. Forty four test methods were collected from the standard test ones, government reports, SCI papers and Korean research papers. P. subcapitata and D. subspicatus are the most common test species recommended by the standard test methods. Initial cell density and dilution water were the main differences among the test methods we collected. We proposed the suitable ecotoxicity test methods based on domestic green algae in Korea. This study could be a fundamental basis to establish the ecotoxicity test methods by green algae distributed in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.547-555
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• 2018

In addition to North America and Europe, Korea is also responding to the toxic damage caused by the production and distribution of chemicals. Methods for assessing bio-toxicity of harmful substances have been widely introduced, but it is required of quantitative and speedy information for modeling. For 6 heavy metals, as zinc, copper, chrome, cadmium, mercury and lead, bio-toxicity assessment and kinetics model were constructed using Vibrio fischeri which is widely used luminous bacteria. The degree of luminescence activity and the toxicity of heavy metals were relative limunescence unit, RLU measured as by using a photomultiplier embedded device. The toxicity was assessed by the concentration levels giving under 20% lethality and lethal concentration, $EC_{50}$. In the results, the toxicity order were followed from mercury, lead, copper, chrome, zinc and cadmium. $EC_{{50},{\infty}}$ obtained by trends of $EC_{50}$ by time follows had highly linear agreement with main parameters of bio-toxicity modelling. The average error rates of the reproduced lethality obtained from DAM and TDM model on the basis of body residue, were 10.2% for mercury, lead, copper, chrome and 20.0 for the all 6 methals.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.579-579
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• 2015

최근의 환경부의 환경관리정책은 기존의 BOD나 COD로 대표되는 이화학적인 분석으로 수질항목을 측정 분석하여 환경규제로 활용되고 있는 상황에서 환경용량 기반의 수용체 중심의 통합관리방안을 추가하여 규제하는 방법으로 이루어지고 있다. 또한 수질관리부분에서도 2006년 "물환경관리 기본계획('06-'09)"을 수립하여, 생태적으로 건강하고 유해물질로부터 안전한 물환경조성 목표하에 오염원 중심에서 수용체 중심 즉, 통합적인 수질관리 방향으로 추진되고 있다. 하지만 하 폐수에 함유된 모든 유해화학물질에 대하여 배출허용기준을 설정하는 것이 현실적으로 불가능하기 때문에 환경부에서는 "생태독성 통합관리제도(WET : Whole Effluent Toxicity)"를 도입, 2007년 상기법의 시행규칙 개정을 통하여 배출허용기준에 생태독성기준을 추가하여 관리하고 있다. 생태독성을 평가하는 생물군에는 박테리아, 조류, 물벼룩, 어류 등 다양한 생물종이 있으며 국내에는 물벼룩을 이용하여 TU라는 생태독성단위를 이용하여 규제 및 관리를 시행하고 있으나 단일 생물종으로만 관리할 경우 생물의 내성 및 특정 유해물질에만 반응하는 특성을 지니고 있어 여러 가지 복합적인 화합물에 적용하기 위해서는 복수종에 대한 관리 및 규제가 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반달말(조류)를 이용한 WEMS(Water Enviroment Monitoring System)를 이용하여 하천 호소 및 정수장, 하 폐수처리장등 다양한 현장에 적용하여 화학물질군에 대한 독성의 특성을 파악과 더불어 통계학적 처리를 이용하여 수질관리에 대한 방법을 제시하고 과학적이고 현장 특성에 맞는 경보 수준을 통해 수생태관리에 관리에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2007

The Ministry of Environment plans to introduce the Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) system in Korea. The WET test is well established in developed countries with recognizing of the limitations of physicochemical analysis method and potential risk of chemicals in water medium. Therefore, it is essential to build the ecotoxicity infrastructure for the induction of WET test. In this study, we extensively collected the domestic and foreign toxicity test methods which employ native test species to Korea. And we suggested that the domestic ecotoxicity test methods with domestic test species in Korea through extracting the range of test conditions. Five domestic fish species selected were Carassiu auratus (Crucian carp), Cyprinus carpio(Common carp), Gasterosteus aculeatus (Three spine stickleback), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental weather fish) and Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka), The toxicity test methods with native test species to Korea were collected from the standard methods (OECD, U.S. EPA, ASTM), government reports, SCI papers and domestic papers. We collected the 32 test methods, and suggested the suitable aquatic toxicity test methods for fish. It is expected that this study could prove a useful information to establish the ecotoxicity test methods with domestic aquatic organisms in Korea henceforth.