• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in volatile constituents concerning with the flavor of the green ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) during storage in underground pit ($15^{\circ}C$, RH 95%). And the constituents of essential oil of etiolated shoots formed on the mother rhizomes during the five months storage in the dark under same conditions were compared with those of mother rhizomes. The essential oils of Korean domestic ginger (Bong-dong cultivar) were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method (SDE). Then the compositions of the essential oils were analysed by GC and GC-MS spectrometry. The major compounds of essential oil from the fresh rhizomes were zingiberene, $citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, camphene, geranial, ${\gamma}-bisabolene$, ar-curcumene+geranyl acetate, ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-gurjunene$, limonene and neral. The content of monoterpene hydrocarbons increased with a concomitant lowering in the amounts of sesquiterpene hrdrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes during storage of rhizomes although contents of the oxygenated monoterpens changed little or slightly during the storage. During the storage the content of such monoterpenes as camphene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and citral (neral and geranial) increased whereas the content of such sesquiterpenes as zingiberene and $citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$ decreased. The composition of shoot oil differed from that of mother rhizome oil in having higher content of terpene hydrocarbons and also in the higher content of bornyl acetate, ${\beta}-gurjunene$ and ar-curcumene+geranyl acetate and lower in citral (neral and geranial).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2015

This study was conducted to control ginger rhizome rot treated with the combined treatment, the hairy vetch, carbonized rice husk and eggshell calcium in organic ginger farm. Early symptoms of leaf yellowing and plant wilt began in the chemical fertilizer treatment on July 1. Ginger rhizome rot was more progressed on October 2, and stem browning and dead plant showed a high disease incidence with from 36.7% to 43.0%. On the other hand, the combined treatment did not occur at all until July 1 and delayed the disease incidence to October 2. It showed a low disease incidence of 1.3% to 1.7%. In the combined treatment, the content of soil Na, Fe, Cu was decreased and organic matter was increased twice with 31.6% than previous. Population density of Pythium sp. is lower in the combined treatment ($0.3-2.0{\times}10^3cfu/g$ than the chemical fertilizer treatments ($12.0-12.3{\times}10^3cfu/g$). The combined treatment, hairy vetch, carbonized rice husk and the eggshell calcium is able to control the ginger rhizome rot in organically cultivated ginger field.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 2013

Root-rot disease is a serious problem in ginger cultivation fields and it reduces the quality and productivity of ginger. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil physical and chemical properties on the changes of ginger growth. As comparing the selected soil chemical properties after harvesting the ginger plants with those before planting them, the contents of total nitrogen and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ increased, whereas electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable $K^+$ content decreased. Potassium (K) concentrations in ginger plant were markedly higher in both its shoot and root parts ranging from 63.9 to $72.3g\;kg^{-1}$ and from 27.6 to $37.3g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, which might be related to the decrease of exchangeable $K^+$ content in soils. Incidence rate of ginger root-rot disease in the plots ranges between 26.7% and 88.1%. It was higher in low elevation plots with clay loam soils than in high elevation plots. In addition, the incidence of the disease increased as affected by high temperature and humid condition during the growth and maturity stages of ginger. Therefore, soil texture, field slop, and drainage system as well as chemical properties should be considered to cultivate ginger plant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.218-221
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• 2005

The present study was investigated in the Chittagong hill forest of Bangladesh to assess the feasibility of ginger cultivation under multipurpose forest and fruit tree species. There were three treatments such as i) ginger grown under open field condition, ie. full sunlight (T1), ii) ginger grown under Gamar tree (spacing of $90{\times}90cm$ (T2) and iii) ginger grown under guava tree (spacing $180{\times}180cm$) tree (T3). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) and each treatment was replicated three times. From data it was observed that some morphological parameters of ginger such as plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf breadth were higher in the treatments T2 and T3 as compared to the treatment T1. A positive and linear relationship was observed between the weight of rhizome and yield of ginger which caused the highest yield of ginger ($23.63Mg\;ha^{-1}$) under guava tree species at partial shaded condition in the T3 treatment ($180{\times}180cm$), whereas the lowest yield ($15.64Mg\;ha^{-1}$) was recorded in the T2 treatment when ginger was cultivated under Gamar tree species at closer spacing ($90{\times}90cm$). Therefore, it was revealed that partial shaded condition favoured the optimum growth and yield of ginger, whereas the dense shade from intensively planted tree species badly affected the dry matter production and yield of ginger.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1589-1595
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• 1999

Reverse osmosis(RO) and rotary evaporation, freezer drying and spray drying as concentration and dehydration methods were, respectively, employed to investigate their effect on the flavor quality of ginger powder. Rotary evaporation and spray drying methods were more effective to restrict the browning of ginger powder than RO and freezer drying methods. Concentration methods had no effect on the free amino acids and free sugar contents of ginger powder, but freezer drying resulted in the less quality loss than spray drying. And the powder prepared from enzymatically hydrolyzed extract contained less crude protein, crude ash, browning and the changes in free amino acids, but had more the crude fat, solubility and free sugars than that from ginger extract obtained by filter press. Sensory results indicated that quality of ginger powder prepared by RO concentration and freeze drying of enzymatically hydrolyzed extract was as good as that without enzyme hydrolysis

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.405-417
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• 2012

Objectives : In the present study, anti-metastatic properties of the methanol extract of L. obtusiloba (MLO) were evaluated. Methods : To determine the effect of MLO on cancer metastasis, we checked matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities and expressions in B16F10 melanoma cells. In addition, we performed cell migration assay as well as invasion assay using Matrigel. Finally, we used an in vivo lung metastasis model to confirm the anti-metastatic activity of MLO. Results : 1. MLO showed potent inhibitory effects on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and expressions via down-regulation of activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ in B16F10 melanoma cells. 2. Melanoma cell migration and invasion were down-regulated by MLO treatment. 3. Not only in vitro model, but MLO also significantly suppressed lung metastasis in vivo. Conclusions : The present results indicate that MLO has strong inhibitory effect on cancer metastasis. Therefore, L. obtusiloba could be a valuable anti-metastatic agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

The effects of vinegar, alcohol, and vitamin C on the color, microorganism count, volatile flavor components, free sugar level, free amino acid concentration, and free fatty acid level of minced ginger were investigated during storage for 17 weeks at $10^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C\;or\;30^{\circ}C$. Bacterial levels remained unchanged during storage and mold was not initially detected. Yeast levels in minced ginger were $5{\times}10^1$ CFU/g initially, and yeast was not detected after 2 weeks. The color values increased during storage at high temperature. The volatile flavor component levels decreased during high-temperature storage. The free sugars of minced ginger were glucose, sucrose, and fructose. Sugar levels did not vary greatly with storage temperature. Free amino acid content decreased during high-temperature storage, and glutamine, valine, alanine, asparagine, tyrosine, and leucine were detected. Free fatty acid content increased during storage and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was 3:7.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 1997

Effect of soil moisture level on the growth of ginger plant was investigated through a pot experiment. The soil used for this study was collected from a newly reclaimed hillside land. The soil was a silty clay loam(19% sand, 57% of silt and 24% of clay), acidic in soil rection(pH 4.7, in $H_2O$) and low in organic matter content(1.2%). Soil moisture levels selected for the experiment were 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% on weight basis. Under the soil moisture of 20-25%, the emergence ratio was 80-100%, 25 days alter planting. The performance of above ground parts was best under 20-25% of soil moisture. When the soil moisture content was far from 25%, high or low, the die out of above ground parts of ginger tended to increase. Under 20-25% of soil moisture the growth of roots was best and the occurrence of root rot was minimal.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2009

Sliced ginger samples were dried using 30, 50, and 80% maltodextrin, respectively, as a dehydrating agent. The moisture content of the maltodextrin-treated ginger decreased with increasing concentrations of maltodextrin. The dehydrated ginger was compared with hot air-dried and freeze-dried ginger samples in terms of rehydration ratio, gingerol content, color, and sensory characteristics. The rehydration ratio of the maltodextrin-treated ginger was superior to those of the hot-air dried or freeze-dried ginger. In addition, the maltodextrin-treated ginger had the highest content of 6-gingerol among the samples. Color as well as sensory scores for odor, texture, appearance, and overall acceptance were greater for the maltodextrin-treated ginger compared to the hot-air dried or freeze-dried ginger. These results indicate that drying ginger with maltodextrin is very efficient because good rehydration capacity is retained and minimal cell destruction can be achieved.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.472-477
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• 2001

The study was carried out to evaluate the sensory characteristics and physiological effect of Korean soybean Paste (doenjang) added with Japanese apricot, garlic and ginger, and samjang. Garlic doenjang was shown to have a good taste, odor and color, but ginger doenjang was worse in the taste, odor and color than control doenjang in sensory evaluation. Japanese apricot doenjang and garlic doenjang had high scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, of which the IC$\_$50/ values were 93 and 94$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, respectively. Five kinds of doenjang revealed antimutagenic activity against N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and especially, samjang showed 83% inhibition at the concentration of 5mg/plate. Samjang exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity(79%) against aflatoxin B$_1$,(AFB$_1$) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Ginger-, garlic- and Japanese apricot doenjangs also had high inhibitory effects against AFB$_1$. and the inhibition rates were 75, 55 and 51%, respectively. In SOS chromotest. samjang showed the highest antimutagenicity against MNNG, with 64% inhibition rate. These results demonstrated that samjang has strong a antimutagenic effect against MNNG and AFB$_1$.