• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1979

Yellow pigment was extracted by petroleum ether, and red pigment by 60％ ethanol. By thin layer chromatography red pigment preparation consists of more than five species whereas yellow pigment preparation consist of single species. The absorption curve of pigment solution exhibits maximum peak at wavelongth range of 495~500 nm and endo pigment at 394~403 nm. Pigment solution was relatively stable at the pH range of 3~9. Extracted pigment solution gave negative hemolysis test and pigment showed no bio-activity and nontoxicity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-407
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• 1986

The rice leaf color, which was one of main factors to determine application time of fertilizers, was analyzed in visible region, while the distinction of photosynthetic pigments controlling the rice leaf color was separated by T.L.C. The light absorption peaks of ethyl ether extracts of rice leaf blades were occurred in 413, 432, 453 and 662nm. Especially, the maximal light absorption was 432nm in blue and 662nm in red region. The both light absorption ratios (blue to red region) was not greatly different among rice ecotypes, whereas decreasing tendency in increased fertilization was observed. There was a significant negative correlation between the both light absorption ratios and the values of color chart, and the content of chlorophyll in rice leaf blades. The composition ratio of chorophyll was larger than that of carotenoid at heading stage, and the carotenoid was larger than the chlorophyll at 30 days after heading. The composition ratio of chlorophyll among photosynthetic pigments according to rice ecotypes, Japonica x Indica cultivars were larger than Japonica cultivars at heading stage, and Japonica cultivars were larger than Japonica x Indica cultivars at 30 days after heading, while carotene was vice versa.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.292-298
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• 2018

In this study, Ascidian shell pigment was extracted, first using a 100.0 % ethanol solvent, proceeding with the dilution of it with DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide). The extracted pigment was evaluated to verify the stability. The absorbance of light have been evaluated according to pH levels and using the color-difference meter. As a result, it could be seen that absorbance and chromaticity ${\pm}a$ values were most stable at a pH level of 7.0 By keeping the sample at a pH level of 3.0, it could be observed that the absorbance and the chromaticity ${\pm}a$ values were decreased. Based on this observation, it can be deduced that the discoloration of the pigment can be prevented if kept at a neutral pH level. When antioxidants were added, the absorbance of the pigment increased, and the best effects could be seen in the ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and glutathione samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.563-570
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• 2019

Red tide has caused massive fish kills in Korean coastal waters with devastating economic loss in the aquaculture industry since 1995. Remote sensing technique has shown to be effective for the detection of red tide in wide areas, where the absorption property of red tide water plays a central role in understanding the red tide reflectance. This study analyzed the optical absorption property of sea waters dominated by the dinoflagellate specie of Alexandirum affine, off the Tongyeong area in August, 2017. Water samples collected from 20 stations in the ship-based campaign were measured for absorption by pigment, suspended solid, and dissolved organic matter, with the corresponding water quality variables such as chlorophyll concentration and total suspended solid. The analysis showed that Alexandrium-dominated water exhibits strong absorption in the spectral range below 400 nm unlike that of diatom-dominated waters, and greater fluctuations in the range of 400 nm - 500 nm. The packaging effect in pigment absorption was stronger in Alexandrium-dominated waters, and the exponent in the absorption by detritus and gelbstoff is disparate for diatom and Alexandrium. In the model for the detritus and gelbstoff absorption (a_dg(λ)=a_dg(λ₀)e^-s(λ-λ₀)), the optimal exponent coefficient(s) for the Alexandrium was close to 0.01 rather than to 0.015, which was commonly use for modelling diatom waters.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2003

The characteristics of the pigments extracted from grains of the colored barley varieties Ab2231, Mozzimugi, Lion, and Hogye 4 were studied. Extraction of the pigments from powder (80 mesh) of the barley grains was most efficient in 80% ethanol containing 1.0% HCI for 1 hr at $60^{\circ}C$. The pigments were also stable in 80% ethanol containing 1.0% HCI. Depending on the absorption spectra, maximal peak wavelength, and the ratio of $A_{440}/A_{max}$, the varieties were separated into two groups, colored naked barley (Ab2231 and Mozzimugi) and colored covered barley (Lion and Hogye 4).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.400-404
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• 2009

With the aim of using Bokbunja byproducts as natural pigments, characteristics of extracts were investigated after application of different extraction conditions. Total optical density (TOD) of pigment extracts was greatest (9.51 units) when 80% (v/v) ethanol was used as solvent. The polyphenol content was greatest when 40% (v/v) ethanol was used and tended to decrease with higher concentrations of ethanol. The TOD values were increased when citric or lactic acid was added to extracting solvents. Polyphenols were effectively extracted by solvent containing ascorbic acid. As the level of byproducts increased with different extraction procedures, TOD and polyphenol content of byproducts tended to decrease. More than 90% of anthocyanin pigments and polyphenols could be obtained using two extractions with 40% (v/v) ethanol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.87-88
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• 2001

아열대성 홍조류인 갈래곰보는 해수온도가 12-13$^{\circ}C$ 이상을 유지하는 제주도 남쪽해안에서만 자생하고 있다. 홍조류에는 phycoerythrin, phycocyanin 및 allophycocyanin 색소성분을 함유하고 있으며, 이러한 성분은 품종이나 색소추출방법에 따라 최대습수 파장이 다소 차이가 나타나며, 흡광도에 의해서 색소의 특징을 나타내게 한다. (중략)

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.327-331
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to establish the efficient extraction condition for anthocyanin and tannin pigments contained in rice bran of colored rices. Efficiency of the pigment extraction was maximum when the concentration of mired solvent of methanol(3) : ethanol(7) was 70%. In purple rite(anthocyanin pigment), ‘Kilimheugmi’, 80% ethanol containing 0.5% malic acid showed the highest extraction efficiency and stability with a maximum absorbance wavelength$(\lambda_{max})$ at 538 nm. In red rice(tannin pigment), ‘Jagwangdo’, 80% ethanol containing 0.01% citric acid showed the highest extraction efficiency and stability with a maximum absorbance wavelength$(\lambda_{max})$ at 456 nm. The relative optical density of the pigments increased until the solvent temperature was reached at $70^{\circ}C$, but drastically decreased over at $90^{\circ}C$ due to color change. The higher amount of the pigment was ertracted from the longer shaking time of the solvent. Ten minutes was enough for the grinding time of rite bran in solvent. Supernatant of the pigment extractives after one day storage at $4^{\circ}C$ in dark chamber revealed higher optical density than the filtration of the pigment extractives.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.347-353
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• 1993

A picosecond transient absorption kinetic spectrometer using a pump-probe method is presented and compared with other methods of picosecond transient absorption measurements. This constructed kinetic spectrometer detects the transient transmittance of sample using a lock-in amplifier as a function of delay time between pump and probe pulses generated from a picosecond mode-locked cw dye laser. Typical transient absorption and ground state bleach recovery kinetic profiles measured with this spectrometer are shown. Excellent kinetic curves of transient absorption or ground state bleach recovery may be obtained at single wavelengths with this spectrometer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 1994

The pigments of acetylshikonin and isobutylshikonin isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were determined over a period of storage for their stabilities influenced by mono- and disaccharides and acids. In general. sugars and acids caused an increase in stability of acetylshikonin at the various concentrations. These studies indicated that acetylshikonin and isobutylshikonin can be used in foods as the natural colorant under selected conditions.