• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.853-869
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• 2000

Background : Following several decades of decline, the incidence of tuberculosis has recent1y begun to increase in many countries of this the control of this disease has been impeded by the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The development of rapid diagnostic methods and effective new drugs are needed to control MDR-TB. One of the new drugs for MDR-TB is rifabutin (RBU) which has been known to be effective in some patients with MDR-TB. A few reports showed that some types of mutations of the rpoB gene, which were known to be present in 96-98% of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis, were associated with the rifampicin-resistant but RBU-susceptible phenotype. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between RBU susceptibility and the patterns of rpoB gene mutations in Korean MDR-TB. Methods : Sixty-five clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, gathered from patients who visited the Asan Medical Center from July 1997 to June 1999, were investigated. Clinical responses to rifabutin-containing regimen were evaluated. An RBU susceptibility test and sequencing analysis of rpoB gene were performed, and the results were analyzed to confirm which mutations correlated with RBU-susceptible MDR-TB. Results : Fifty-three of 56 (95%) clinical isolates of MDR-TB had 60 mutations of the rpoB gene. The most frequent mutations were found at codon 531 (43%), and two mutations were combined in seven clinical isolates. Five of 53 (10%) clinical isolates showed the RBU-susceptible phenotype, and in them the characteristic patterns of point mutations were found at codon 509, 516, and 526. Conclusion : The frequency and pattern of mutations of the rpoB gene of Korean MDR-TB isolates were similar to those in western countries, where the prevalence of tuberculosis is low, but some show RBU-susceptible phenotypes. RBU-susceptible MDR-TB isolates showed the characteristic pattern of mutations of the rpoB gene which could be used to rapidly diagnose RBU susceptibility.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.11 no.2 s.95
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• pp.86-92
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• 1990

최근 소득작물로 재배면적이 늘고있는 시설하우스의 채소재배는 시설의 대형화와 고정화로 인한 연작장해와 주년재배에 의한 포장환경의 오염, 시설내의 고온다습, 무리한 약제살포 등으로 노지재배에서는 별로 문제가 되지않던 병들이 하우스내의 온도보존을 위한 2중, 3중의 밀폐로인한 높은 습도 때문에 거의 모든 작물에서 잿빛곰팡이병, 균핵병등이 발생되고 있다. 또한 연작으로 인한 토양전염성 병균의 밀도가 높아져서 역병, 풋마름병, 덩굴마름병등이 발생될 뿐아니라 지력증진을 위한 미숙 유기물이나 생육촉진을 위한 제4종 복합비료, 생장조절제등의 남용으로 전에는 없었던 새로운 장해가 증가되고 있어 이에 대한 방제대책의 일환으로 주산단지를 이루고 있는 농가의 병해충 발생및 토양환경등을 중심으로 문제점을 분석하고 대책을 소개하기로 한다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1997

목재의 건조 균열방지를 위한 진공흡입기술의 새로운 목재처리방법에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 목재의 건조균열 방지를 위해 사용된 ployetylene grycogen(PEG) 처리재들은 PEG-1540, PEG-2000, PEG-4000, PEG-10000이었으며, 진공펌프의 감압정도는 85kPa과 39kPa 이었다. 시험결과, 진공흡입처리에 의한 PEG액의 흡입은 방사단면에 걸쳐 고르게 이루워졌음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 PEG의 분자량이 증가할수록 단위시간당 PEG의 분자량이 증가할수록 단위시간당 PEG의 흡입량과 처리전.후의 함수률의 차인$\Delta$ M.C 는 PEG-2000을 변곡점으로 하여 감소하였다. 그리고 리기다 소나무의 건조균열 방지를 위한 약제 흡입처리에 있어 최적의 PEG 분자량과 농도 그리고 감압력의 조건은 각각 PEG-2000과 30%(wt.)그리고 85kPa임을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.217-223
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 유체스시템을 이용하여 나이론을 용제 개질하므로써 천연실크가 갖는 적당한 촉감과 광택을 가지면서 견명(silk scrooping)의 효과와 천연 silk 특유의 "노방"(여름 의류의 얇은 명주)촉감이 발현되며 심색성과 흡습성 그리고 제전성등의 물성이 뛰어난 기능성 실크감성화 소재 개발에 관한 연구를 하고자한다. 또한 이러한 용제 개질은 제직준비공정에서의 사이징공정이 생략되며 개질처리가 사가공 기계에서 on-line으로 되므로 (목표처리속도 : 600m-800m/분)대량 생산이 가능하여 개질 가공비가 저렴한 장점을 가진다. 또한 본 연구에서 개발되는 나일론 원사의 유체시스템을 이용한 용제 개질 기술은 선을 물리적으로 표층부에서 밀착시킴으로써 내부에 microcavity를 형성하여 여러가지 종류의 기능성 약제를 캡슐화(capsulation)하여 내포시킬수 있어서 항균무취성, 방오성, 난연성, 자외선차폐성 등의 다양한 기능을 추가로 부여할 수 있기 때문에 그 중요성이 더욱 크다고 할 수 있다. 나아가서는 나일론 원사외의 타소재 섬유에 대하여서도 이러한 유체시스템을 이용한 용제 개질기술의 적용이 가능할 것으로 보여서 기존의 가공방식과 전혀 다른 새로운 개념의 실크감성화 선가공기술 확립이 기대되고 있다.이 기대되고 있다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1996

면역성 용혈성 빈혈증 병견은 임상적으로 허약, 황달, 발열, 침울 및 점막창백을 나타낸다. 본 병의 진단은 구상적혈구증가증, 혈구응집반응 또는 직접적 Coomb시험 양성반응을 확인함과 동시에 용혈성 빈혈의 다른 원인을 배제함으로서 확정하여야 한다. 치료방법에는 적절한 보조적 요법과 함께 면역억압제가 포함된다. 일반적으로 치료에 있어서는 일차적으로 glucocorticoids가 선택되는데 흔히 cytoxan, aziothioprin, vincristine 또는 danazole과 같은 다른 약제와 병용된다. 치료는 그 반응에 근거하여 면역억압제의 용량을 2-4주 간격으로 점차 감량하면서 6개월 또는 그 이상까지 계속한다. 면역억압제에 대한 치료반응은 지연될 수 있고 또 적혈구 보유가 골수로부터 새로운 적혈구를 유리하게될 때까지 병축을 유지시키기에 부적당할 수 있기 때문에 병축의 예후판정은 경계하여야 한다. 심급성 내지 급성 예는 일반적으로 예후가 보다더 좋지 않다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.429-432
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• 2008

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have entered mainstream in the pharmaceutical industry in the recent years. Major pharmaceutical companies as well as small or medium-sized biotechnology companies are developing various DDS-based products. We have established Drug Delivery System Company Database, which is an online searchable database of companies that develop DDS-based products and technologies or supply formulations and/or materials. Company summary, products and key technologies are listed in the database. DDS technology fields also include administration routes and indications of drugs. DDS terminologies, Statistical analysis, Useful Links, Glossary and Comments pages are also provided.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2000

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a water soluble, biocompatible, non-toxic polymer and PEGylation is a well established technique for the modification of therapeutic proteins and peptides. PEG-protein drugs have been extensively studies in relation to therapies for various diseases: cancer, inflammation and others. The covalent attachment of PEG to proteins and peptides prolonged plasma half-life, reduced antigenicity and immunogenicity, increased thermal and mechanical stability, and prevented degradation by enzymes. Several chemical groups for general and site specific conjugation have been exploited to activate PEG for amino group, carboxyl group, and cysteine groups. PEGylation of many proteins and peptides have been studied to enhance their properties for the potential uses. Also, the different positional isomers in several PEG-proteins have shown the difference in vivo stability and biological indicating that the site of PEG molecule attachment is one of the important factor to develop PEG-proteins as potential therapeutic agents.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1985

To investigate the condition for the protoplast fusion of Streptococcus lactis, streptomycin(200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) resistant and rifampicin (200$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) resistant mutants were isolated. By using these markers, protoplast fusion was carried out in the presence of CaCl$_2$ and polyethylene glycol. The optimal conditions for the protoplast fusion were obtained by treatment of protoplasts with 150 mM CaCl$_2$ (final concentration; 25 mM) and 40％ (w/v) PEG 4, 000 for 2 min. At the optimal conditions, the fusion frequency was 6.26$\times$10$^{-5}$ . On the other hand, genetic recombination between the antibiotic resistant mutants by mating was not observed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

Background : The resurgence of tuberculosis and the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis have emphasized the importance of rapid and accurate diagnostic procedures. Recently, the oligonucleotide chip has proven to be a useful tool in the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to rapidly and accurately detect specific mutations in the rpoB, katG and rpsL genes associated with rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin resistance in M. tuberculosis, respectively, using a single oligonucleotide chip. Method : For detection of drug-resistance, 7 wild-type and 13 mutant-type probes for rifampin, 2 wild-type and 3 mutant-type probes for isoniazid, and 2 wild-type and 2 mutant-type probes for streptomycin were designed and spotted onto glass slides. Fifty-five cultured samples of M. tuberculosis were amplified by PCR, and then underwent hybridization and scanning. Direct sequencing was done to verify the results from the oligonucleotide chip and to analyze the types of mutations. Result : Thirty-five cases out of 40 rifampin-resistant strains(~88%) had mutations in the rpoB gene. One case had a new mutation(D516F, GAC R TTC) and another known mutation together. Twenty cases out of 42 isoniazid-resistant strains(~50%) had mutations in the katG gene, while 7 cases out of 9 streptomycin-resistant strains(~78%) had mutations in the rpsL gene. From these results, the oligonucleotide chip was confirmed to be able to detect the most frequent mutations from the genes associated with rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin resistance. The results proved that the drug-resistance detection probes were specific. When the results from the oligonucleotide chip and DNA sequencing were compared, the types of mutations were exactly matched. Conclusion : The diagnostic oligonucleotide chip with mutation specific probes for drug resistance is a very reliable and useful tool for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of drug resistance against rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin in M. tuberculosis infections.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

Bispyribac-sodium is a new-type herbicide that prevents the occurrence of annual bluegrass by the suppression of anthesis and inflorescence emergence on the bent green. The greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate interaction effect of the bispyribac-sodium with 21 soil- and foliar-applied herbicides in regards of herbicidal activity of annual bluegrass. The remarkable synergism was not found on the combination of bispyribac-sodium with benfluralin, pendimethalin, oryzalin, siduron, chlorphtalim, isoxaben, bifenox, tenylchlor, indanofan, bentazone, imazosulfuron, imazaquin, halosulfuron-methyl and limsulfuron. However, mixture of bispyribac-sodium with mecoprop, triclopyr, metsulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and pyributicarb produced greater synergism of herbicidal activity when compared with unmixed, single application. Phytotoxicity was low on bentgrass green and fast recovery was observed. In future, it would be strongly necessary to do research to Investigate the effect of bispyribac-sodium combination with other herbicides under various environment and management practices on-site bentgrass green.