• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.191-191
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• 1998

ITS를 구성하는 서비스나 기능이 대부분 동적인 특성을 지니고 있어, 앞으로는 이를 효율적으로 뒷받침할 수 있는 공간데이터(Spatial Data)가 필요하다. 특히, 대부분의 ITS서비스와 기능이 정보의 신속한 전달을 위해서 유무선통신을 사용할 것이다. 또한, 최정 사용자서비스와 응용분야가 공간데이터라는 기본적인 정보를 공유하므로써 위치에 대한 정적·동적교통정보를 제공받게 된다. 정보사용자가 사용하는 공간데이터가 상이하다면, 정보의 공유가 이루어지지 않거나 정확하게 제공되지 않는 것은 자명한 사실이다. 이러한 이유는 정보사용자가 자신들의 정보수집, 정보전달, 정보분석 등의 목적에 적합한 공간데이터를 제작하여 유지하기 때문이다. 결과적으로 정보의 공유를 위해서는 상이한 공간데이터들 간에 동일한 교통정보를 공유하도록 하는 조작이나 방법이 필요하다. 서로 다른 원본으로 구성된 데이터를 통합하고 이를 ITS서비스와 기능을 위한 각 시스템에 적용하기 위해서는 서로 다른 수준을 가지고 있는 공간데이터(수치지도 데이터)의 해상도, 위치정확도, 속성정확도, 정밀도, 범위 등과 같은 문제들이 최종 응용시스템에 적용되어져야 하고, 이를 통해 공간적인 위치와 수치지도를 구성하는 각종 엔터티가 참조되어야 할 것이다. 이뿐 아니라, 향후 데이터 공유의 방법에 있어서도, 각종 무선통신의 발달과 인터넷과 같은 정보전달매체의 대중화가 이루어짐에 따라, 정보의 공유가 동시적으로 이루어질 것이다. 본 연구에서는 공공기관주도로 제작된 전국범위의 수치지도를 하여, ITS용 네트워크데이터구성을 위한 기능분석과 사양을 제시를 함으로써, 이에 대한 프로파일 개발한다. 정보공유를 위한 위치참조모델(LRM)과 프로파일을 ITS데이터에 적용함으로써, 위치참조모델의 기능과 적용성을 평가한다.키기 위한 향후의 연구과제를 제시한다.Si결정의 크기를 비교하였을 때 45$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하의 분말을 섞어 압출하였을 때 가장 작은 초정 Si입자 크기를 얻음 을 볼 수 있었다. 주의 Fairfax County에 소재한 주간 고속도로 66번(I-66)과 인접 교통망의 교통자료를 사용하여 각종 돌발교통 혼잡 상황을 전제로 한 Traffic Simulation과 정보제공시나\리오를 INTEGRATION Model을 이용해 실행하였다. 그 결과 적응형 알고리즘이 개개인의 최단시간 경로를 제공하는 사용자 평형 경로안내전략에 비해 교통혼잡도와 정체시간의 체류정도에 따라 3%에서 10%까지 전체통행시간을 절약할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.출발참, 구성대외개방선면축심, 실현국제항선적함접화국내항반적전항, 형성다축심복사식항선망; 가강기장건설, 개피포동제이국제기장건설, 괄응포동개발경제발전적수요. 부화개시일은 각 5월 26일과 5월 22일이었다. 11. 6월 중순에 애벌레를 대상으로 처리한 Phenthoate EC가 96.38%의 방제가로 약효가 가장 우수하였고 3월중순 및 4월중순 월동후 암컷을 대상으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta"2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of cocoon. It

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-100
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• 2019

Many university students try to start up a lot because of career uncertainty, and this study reflected this environmental situation. The subject of the study is the degree to which subjective norms of university students affect the start-up intention. In addition, we looked at the mediated effects of self-efficiency and the moderated effects of security competence. To verify the hypothesis of the study, 201 university students in Seoul were asked about the relevant variables. And based on prior theory, hypotheses and questionnaires were made. In addition, the validity, reliability and correlation analysis of each variable were conducted. Multiple regression analysis was used for hypothesis analysis. As a result, subjective norms have a positive effect on the start-up intention. Next, self-efficiency was found to be mediating the relationship between subjective norms and start-up intentions. Finally, when subjective norms affect the start-up intention, security competence showed negative moderate effect. The implications of this study are as follows: First, a positive perception of start-up by those around them is needed when it comes to raising the intention of starting a business. This positive perception also affects the confidence and sense of challenge in start-up and affects their start-up intention. However, if career anchor prefer stable employment for the organization, it can be seen that they negatively affect the start-up intention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2019

It is important to constantly provide service in real-time multimedia applications using multicast. Transmission path reconstruction occurs in hybrid multicast using Internet Protocol (IP) multicast and ALM in order to adapt the network status to things like congestion. So, there is a problem in which real-time QoS is reduced, caused by an increase in end-to-end delay. In this paper, we want to solve this problem through multi-layer transmission path construction. In the proposed method, we deploy the control server and application layer overlay host (ALOH) in each multicast domain (MD) for hybrid multicast construction. After the control server receives the control information from an ALOH that joins the MD, it makes a group based on the hop count and sends it to the ALOH in each MD. The ALOH in the MD performs the role of sending the packet to another ALOH and constructs the multi-layered transmission path in order of priority by using control information that is received from the control server and based on the delay between neighboring ALOHs. When congestion occurs in, or is absent from, the ALOH in the upper MD, the ALOH selects the path with the highest priority in order to reduce end-to-end delay. Simulation results show that the proposed method could reduce the end-to-end delay to less than 289 ms, on average, under congestion status.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

Currently, most of the science and engineering students who enter the university are required to take general chemistry and general chemistry experimental subjects. However they have different learning bases about learning basic science subjects. Regarding college entrance examinations, the current system is used for selection, so they have different levels of basic knowledge. But, without considering this situation, all of the students in science and engineering are participating in the same basic science class, some learners are relatively easy to adapt to learning, while others experience extreme difficulties and suddenly give up. This is true. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure the ability to learn general chemistry of freshmen in science and engineering at H University in the Seoul Metropolitan area and to analyze what kind of learning backgrounds are related to learners. The results show that gender and major are not related to general chemistry learning major, and it we found that there is a close relationship to the relationship between their major and chemistry, the level of the chemistry learning in the high school, and the selection of chemistry in college entrance examinations. In addition, it was found that the degree of feeling that pre-learning is beneficial to current learning and that it is common with current learning is also a factor related to general chemistry learning aptitude. Therefore, in this study, we propose two ways of presenting and promoting a guide for learning by majors, and establishing a step-by-step learning system considering the level of students.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.225-251
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine study abroad participation and its relationship with career decision self-efficacy. It also aims to explore the explanatory factors for this relationship using mixed methods. Data were collected from 258 study abroad participants using pre- and post-test surveys at the A university. Subsequently, qualitative interviews with 16 participants were conducted to explain quantitative results. Findings showed that the career-related achievement goal and participants' interactions with local students played an important role in participants' career development. On the other hand, the group of participants whose career decision self-efficacy decreased after participation were also identified. This finding can be understood from the qualitative finding that participants bounced back to their previous career plans after return, re-experiencing the barrier of reality in finding a job in the Korean society. This is different from the circumstances in a destination country they studied abroad in. In addition, the quantitative finding can be understood from the qualitative finding that some students decided to participate in study abroad program simply for vacation and international experiences, without trying to relate it to career exploration. Based on findings from this study, implications for higher education institutions running a study abroad program were discussed and suggestions for future research were provided.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.331-338
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• 2022

Successor representation (SR) is a model of human reinforcement learning (RL) mimicking the underlying mechanism of hippocampal cells constructing cognitive maps. SR utilizes these learned features to adaptively respond to the frequent reward changes. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of SR under the context where changes in latent variables of environments trigger the reward structure changes. For a benchmark test, we adopted SR-Dyna, an integration of SR into goal-driven Dyna RL algorithm in the 2-stage Markov Decision Task (MDT) in which we can intentionally manipulate the latent variables - state transition uncertainty and goal-condition. To precisely investigate the characteristics of SR, we conducted the experiments while controlling each latent variable that affects the changes in reward structure. Evaluation results showed that SR-Dyna could learn to respond to the reward changes in relation to the changes in latent variables, but could not learn rapidly in that situation. This brings about the necessity to build more robust RL models that can rapidly learn to respond to the frequent changes in the environment in which latent variables and reward structure change at the same time.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.75-92
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• 2022

There are many studies that intrinsic learning motivation and social support play an important role in the study of children and adolescents. However, studies examining the effects of intrinsic learning motivation and social support by measuring the actual academic performance of elementary school students are rare. This study attempted to verify the effect of intrinsic learning motivation on Korean language performance and moderating effect of social support in 5th and 6th graders in elementary school. 122 elementary school students in local county-level areas participated in this study. The Korean language test was conducted about 5 months after intrinsic learning motivation and social support of families and teachers were measured. The results revealed that Korean language performance showed a significant positive correlation with intrinsic learning motivation and social support, and also showed a significant correlation between learning motivation and social support. In the regression analysis with control variables, it was found that intrinsic learning motivation had a significant effect on Korean language performance. The moderating effect of social support was analyzed by dividing it into family support and teacher support. The interaction effect of learning motivation and social support was significant only in teacher support, not in family support. In specific, when teacher support was high, Korean language performance was high regardless of the student's learning motivation level, but when teacher support was low, the student's learning motivation mattered in the performance. Based on the results of this study, implications and limitations were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.419-430
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• 2019

The study sought to find out the actual process of adapting to social life through interviews with college students and adult women living as defectors in the South, and to find out how it would be desirable to move forward in terms of education in order for all of our lives to be happy. The method of research consisted of semi-structured interviews. The interview period was four months. Based on the results of the interview, the following conclusions are given. First, it is necessary to establish a direction for strengthening cooperation rather than conflict in education, and restoring homogeneity of the same people. It is also true that real challenges are not easy at a time when the fratricidal war like the 6.25 conflict has deepened the conflict. However, at this point, 65 years later, the nation cannot stay only in the past. Second, the perception that they disapprove of economic aid to North Korean defectors also exists in part among adults. Third, negative thoughts about reunification among South Koreans also appear relatively high. This is believed to be due to the argument that the growth of social welfare and economic growth is offset by the increase in unification costs. Fourth, the content of living in real life such as culture and art, along with knowledge-oriented education in school education, should be treated with the same weight. This should create an environment in which North Korean defectors can enjoy the same happiness as South Koreans.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

Purpose: According to the 2nd English Edition of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) in 1998, in case of distal gastric cancer, the 14v (superior mesenteric vein) lymph node (LN) is included in the N2 group. However, in Korea, a modified radical gastrectomy is performed, and a 14v LN dissection is not done as a routine procedure. Thus, we investigated the rate of metastatic 14v LNs, evaluated the necessity of dissection of the 14v LN, and searched for indications of 14v LN dissection. Materials and Methods: From April 2004 to August 2005, we enrolled the patients who were diagnosed as having advanced gastric cancer in the distal third portion of the stomach. We peformed a distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection as defined in the 2nd English edition of the JGCA classification. We calculated the positive rate of metastatic LNs of each station and analyzed the relationship between the positive rates of No.6 LNs and 14v LNs. We also compared the positive 14v LN group with the negative 14v LN group. Results: The total number of patients was 50, the mean age was 56 (range $30{\sim}80$) years, and sex ratio (Male/Female) was 1.63 : 1. In 47 (94%) cases, distal a gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy was done, and in the remaining 3 (6%) cases, a distal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy was done. The most frequently metastatic LNs were nos. 3 and 6 (54%). The metastatic rate of the f4v LN was 10%, which was similar to that of LN no. 9. In the comparison of the 14v positive group with the 14v negative group, there were significant differences in the numbers of metastatic LNs (mean 25.4 vs 4.91, P<0.001) and the numbers of metastatic no. 6 LNs, (mean 6.8 vs 1.42, P<0.001), and if no. 6 LNs were metastatic, the possibility of metastasis to the 14v LN was 19.2%. In the 14v positive group, all cases were more than stage 3 by the UICC 6th edition. Conclusion: In cases of advanced cancer with metastasis to the no. 6 IN, there was a good chance of metastasis to the 14v LN. Thus, in the operative field, if the tumor is advanced to more than stage 3 by the UICC classification and the no. 6 LN is metastatic, a 14v LN dissection is necessary. However, the usefulness of a 14v LN dissection should be evaluated prospectively through an analysis of tumor recurrence and long-term survival.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.220-235
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• 1999

Objectives：The purpose of this study was to evaluate suicidal attitudes, self-image, anxiety and depression on industrial and cultural wemen's high school, and to make a comparative study between suicidal attitudes and anxiety, depression, self-image. Methods：Three hundred twenty-six student(161 persons from industrial wemem's school, 165 persons from cultural wemen's school), who were supposed to different from in psychosocial environment, entered this study. To assess the attitudes toward suicide, Suicide Opinion Questionnaire(SOQ) were done at study. To estimate anxiety, depression, and self-image, Zung' Self-rating Anxiety Scale (ZAS), K-Beck Depression Inventory(KBDI), Offer's Self Image Questionnaire(OSIQ), respectively, were executed in this study. Results：1) We extracted 5 factors after factor analysis based on SOQ results with the response of the 326 subject；ethics, religion, mental illness, acceptability, revenge. Revenge factor were stastically significant between both groups. 2) In OSIQ, family relationship factor & superior adjustment factor were stastically significant between both groups, but, both groups didn't have a significance on ZAS & KBDI. 3) According to correlative analysis between SOQ results and OSIQ, ZAS, KBDI results, ethics factor(SOQ) were converse to BS factor, ET factor, and ME factor in OSIQ. Mental illness factor(SOQ) were in proportion to PP factor(OSIQ). Acceptability factor(SOQ) were in proportion to ZAS & KBDI result. Conclusion：Our subject mostly regarded suicide as sinful ethically ,and as mental illness. But, In that there was neuropsychiatric history and suicidal idea in them, the subjects looked upon suicide as permissive. With significantly high score on ZAS & KBDI, there were more acceptable attitude toward suicide. So, We consider suicide to be used as coping strategy about more stressful event to young adolescent.