• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.493-504
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• 2020

The objectives of this study was to examine the effect of Interactive Video Game on cognitive information processing the elderly. Sixty elderly were attended in this study. Their ages ranged from 65 to 70, with a mean age of 67.60 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: (1) interactive video game group (n=20), (2) aerobic exercise group (n=20), (3) control group (n=20). The experimental design of this study was analyzed using two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures of groups and time. Cognitive function was assessed by neuroelectrical response, and ERP analysis. The results of the study showed that the interactive video game group and aerobic exercise group showed no significant statistical differences in the response time, response accuracy, amplitude and potential of the performance of the exercise in cognitive function and ERP analysis, but improved the interaction video game group and aerobic exercise (walking) group over the control group. It was concluded that long-term aerobic exercise like interactive video game is associated with attenuation of cognitive decline in the elderly.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2009

This study investigates differential impacts of the positive and negative content and the interaction with pacing, as a structural feature, on information processing while watching televised video clips with moderately intensive emotional tone. College participants watched six positive messages and six negative video clips lasting approximately 60 seconds. Heart rate was used to index attention and skin conductance was used to measure arousal. After all of the stimuli were shown, the participants performed the free recall questionnaire. The result demonstrates, first, positivity superiority on attention in which participants' heart rates were slower during positive content compared to during negative content. Secondly, negativity superiority was shown on free recall memory as participants remembered positive content better than did negative content. The result also manifests the interaction of emotional valence and pacing as the effects of pacing were less for the negatively emotional content compared to those for the positively emotional content. It is suggested that future studies should examine further about the differential and independent functions of positive and negative contents on information processing and the potential interaction with formal features.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship of sound parameters with subjective sensation and physiological responses, and to figure out the interrelationship between the subjective sensation and physiological responses. Sound parameters calculated were LPT, ΔL, Δf, loudness[Z], and sharpness[Z]. Subjective sensation was evaluated in 7 aspects(soft-hard, loud-quiet, pleasant-unpleasant, sharp-dull, clear-obscure, rough-smooth, high-low) by thirty participants. We acquired physiological responses when each fabric sound was presented to 10 participants. Physiological signals obtained in this study were electroencephalogram(EEG), pulse volume(PV), skin conductance level(SCL), and LF/HF of heart rate variability. The larger the values of loudness[Z] and LPT, the louder and the rougher the subjective sensation of the perceived fabric sound. Also, the larger the values of loudness[Z] and LPT, the harder, the duller, and the less pleasant. As LPT increased, PV decreased. Loudness[Z] increased in proportion to SCL and so did sharpness[Z] to LF/HF. As the sound perceived to be quieter and clearer, the relative power of slow alpha rose. As the sound perceived to be more pleasant and smoother, PV rose.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

The subjects of this study were 64 young children aged 12 to 36 months old and their mothers and teachers. The attachment Q-set and an instrument for teachers' responsivity were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0, and Cronbach's and Pearson's r were calculated. The results were as follows. Teachers' consistency, warmth, and sensitivity were significantly correlated with the children's attachment to teachers. In addition, teachers' warm and sensitive responses were related to the children's attachment to mothers. Teachers' warm, sensitive, and responsive characteristics are emphasized for quality interactions between young children and teachers, since they contribute to the children's secure attachment to their mothers as well as teachers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-93
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to examine how 25~36-month-old toddlers' temperament, mother's rearing attitude, teacher interaction relates to their language abilities and to analyze the predictive power of these variables in predicting language ability. The subjects were 206 toddlers, 206 mothers and 38 class teachers at child care center in G metropolitan city. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis on SPSS program. The results of this study were as follow. First, there was a significant relationship between mother's rearing attitude, teacher interaction and toddlers language abilities. However, toddlers' temperament showed no significant correlations with toddlers language abilities. Second, teacher's positive attitude was the best predictor of toddlers language abilities. Toddlers' reactivity and mother's rational guidance were also predictors of toddlers' language abilities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.877-893
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate a mentor-teacher qualification standard to support professional development for beginning secondary science teachers. The participants were four mentee teachers and four mentor-teachers. The relationship between the development of beginning science teachers teaching practice and characteristics of the mentoring and interactions was investigated by analyzing conversations between mentor and mentee teachers during the collaborative mentoring. Three mentoring conversation records and transcripts during mentoring program were collected. An analytical framework of mentoring conversations was used in the analysis of mentoring conversations and RTOP was used for lesson analysis to determine the development of teaching practice. The results show that the types of interactions during mentoring varied according to the mentoring teams. Mentors who encouraged reflective thinking induced a higher level of teaching in their mentees. The mentor qualification standard was determined from the relationship between the characteristics of the interaction and the improvement in beginning teacher's teaching practice. To be an effective mentor, the mentor should be able to 1) lead the interaction in a manner that encourages the exchange of opinions, 2) induce reflective thinking and ability to achieve reflective practice following reflective thinking, 3) provide clear explanations and suggest detailed methods, 4) lead conversations that encourage reflective thinking with questions about teaching supported techniques.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.475-487
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to examine an existence of mutual interdependency in terms of military expenditure and arms imports between Northeast Asian countries such as South Korea, North Korea, China, Japan, and U.S. Recently, the mood of post cold war and intensified globalization lead to be disarmament in pursuing a policy on national defence in many countries. Since potential menace to national security has been receiving more concern rather than a direct armed clash, mutual interdependency on military spending should be fully understood. For a methodological tools, ${\beta}$ and ${\sigma}$-convergences, convergence with rational expectation, and Granger causality test are employed. Empirical evidence shows that the convergences which are evaluated by ${\beta}$, ${\sigma}$, and by a model based on rational expectation are in general revealed, and differences are more sensitive to a military decision making procedures. Granger causality, however, is not being existed. To this end, it would be concluded that the Northeast Asian countries are going with a trend in the world than forming their own tendency in this region.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.3-23
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• 2014

This study focused on causes of use reluctant intention because closed SNS was more active than open SNS was despite tremendous growth of SNS to have negative influence upon not only SNS contents suppliers but also marketing business using SNS. The survey were conducted a total of 205 participants with adult over colleague student, 197 copies that excluded questionnaire with unfaithful answer were used in the analysis, and we used path analysis of structural equation modeling. The results of modified path model showed that interactivity was influenced by value, and then affecting "trust ${\rightarrow}$ satisfaction ${\rightarrow}$ using reluctant intention" path and "satisfaction ${\rightarrow}$ using reluctant intention" path. These result reflected that interactivity have a double-edged sword and value is very important standard to make a positive of negative role of interactivity. These results suggested that interactivity was found to have influence upon not only behavioral willingness that took actions depending upon either improvisation or situation but also behavioral intention path that thought and took actions in reasonable way. The interactivity had double-edged sword to help develop SNS and to produce negative results.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.106-131
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• 2003

본 연구는 소비자 신뢰의 형성과 역할에 대한 모델을 전자상거래에 적용시켜서 온라인 구매의사결정에 관한 연구모델을 제시하고 그 모델의 유효성을 실험적 조사를 통해 평가하는데 주목적이 있다. 모델의 검증을 위하여 신뢰가 성립하기 위한 선행변수(거래 안전성, 웹사이트 실체성, 검색 기능성)와 조절변수(웹사이트 친숙도), 그리고 결과변수(구매의향)로 구성된 연구모델의 변수간의 구조적 관계를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 개념적 모델에서 신뢰도는 만족도와 함께 온라인 구매의향에 유의한 영향을 미친다고 설정되었다. 122 명의 대학생을 연구 참여자로 선정하여 전산실에서의 통제된 시뮬레이션 상황에서 4 개의 사이트(한솔 CS, 롯데, 메타랜드, 지그타운)를 대상으로 실행된 본 연구의 주요분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 웹사이트 신뢰도는 사이트 안전성과 실체성에는 반응하였으나 기능성은 신뢰도에 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, 웹사이트 만족도는 웹사이트의 안전성, 실체성, 기능성에 모두 민감히 반응하였다. 둘째, 4 개 사이트 중에서 3 개가 웹사이트 만족도 보다는 신뢰도가 구매의향에 영향을 더 많이 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 2 개 사이트에서 웹사이트 신뢰도는 만족도와 서로가 구매의향에 대해 상대적인 조절역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 전자상거래에서 점차 중시되고 있는 신뢰도에 대한 개념을 웹사이트 만족도와 온라인 구매의향과 연관하여 파악함으로써 신뢰도의 원천과 영향력에 대한 실체적이고 현실성 있는 접근방법을 제시하여 줌으로써 웹사이트의 개발에 관련하여 인터넷 마케터들에게 효과적인 마케팅 전략의 수립을 위한 이론적, 실무적 근거를 제공하여 준다.

• Ceramist
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2005

압전재료의 다양한 에너지 변환특성 중 기계-전기 에너지간 변환 특성만을 이용하고자 하는 경우로 한정하고, 압전재료의 물성 및 진동모드, 재료물성 평가 사례들을 요약하여 소개하였다. 그러나 이상에서 설명한 압전특성은 매우 개략적인 개념으로서 우수한 압전 응용부품을 개발하기 위해서는 몇 가지 유의할 사항들이 있다. 압전재료는 보다 기본적으로 열에너지, 기계에너지, 전기에너지, 나아가서 Maxwell 방정식에 의해서 전기장과 연결되는 자기에너지까지도 연결시켜서 상호간에 에너지 변환작용을 일으킬 수 있는 특성을 가진다. 기계적 변형(S) = 탄성변형효과 + 역압전효과 + 열팽창효과 전기적 변위(D) = 압전효과 + 유전효과 + 초전효과 즉, 압전 응용부품이 온도변화 및 자기장이 인가되는 환경에서 순수하게 압전현상만을 이용하고자 한다면, 응용분야 및 주위환경에 따라 압전세라믹 소자가 외부 환경변화에 반응을 하지 않도록 적절한 차단 대책을 수립하여야만 한다. 그러나 압전재료의 외부 자기장의 변화에 대한 반응도는 전기장에 대한 반응도에 비해서 매우 작으므로 통상 무시해도 무방하다고 본다. 그리고 압전재료에서 전기장-기계장의 선형성이 보장되는 크기에는 뚜렷한 한계가 있고, 선형성 영역을 벗어나면 이력특성에 의해 비선형 특성 및 포화상태를 보이게 된다는 점 또한 주의하여야 할 점이다. 또한 압전특성은 Curie 온도이하에서만 존재하고, 그 이상의 온도에서는 쌍극자들의 지나친 운동성에 의해 결정 대칭성이 변하여 압전특성이 소멸되므로 사용 온도 구간에 엄격한 제한을 두어야 함도 응용에 유의하여야 한다.