• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

Since computer integrated technology was introduced to the field of education, it has offered an expanding range of interactive possibilities which are remarkably powerful and helpful for the learners, especially constructing the cyber learning environments. Interactivity, the critical element in cyber learning, is categorized into three dimensions: student-to-contents, student-to-student and student-to-instructors. Six surrogate variables are introduced, and two quantitative model are developed for evaluating the degree of interactivity. The first model, which is called Data Envelopment Analysis model, is a linear programming based technique for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparison difficult. DEA model allows each unit to adopt a set of weight that shows it in the most favorable light in comparison to the other unit. The Second model employes the weighted average of standardized input variables for evaluation. Actual data have been collected from the Cyber IT university and these two models are applied for comparison. The analysis shows that the results from these two models are very much similar to each other, and are highly correlated to the level of class satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.259-268
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perceived social supports(PSS) in SNS on SNS interactions. In addition the present study aims to look for the effect of SNS interactions on the expected level of information authenticity perceived by information users. The results show that the effect of PSS on the desire for self-identity presentation is significant(Hypothesis 1 accepted). It also reveal that the desire for self-identity presentation positively affect SNS interactions (Hypothesis 2 accepted). And the effect of PSS on the SNS interactions is positively significant(Hypothesis 3 accepted). Finally, the degree of SNS interactions positively affect the expected level of information authenticity perceived by information users(Hypothesis 4 accepted). The significance of this study is to extend scope of research which is related with PSS. Especially, present study emphasize the difference between offline PSS and online PSS. And this study make clear the cause-and-effect relationship is at work between online PSS and SNS interactions, unlike preceding researches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.203-205
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• 2000

디지털 방송용 멀티미디어 컨텐트는 객체 기반의 사용자 상호작용 지원 및 실시간스트리밍 기능을 가질 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 객체 기반 상호작용을 지원하는 디지털 방송용 MPEG-4 컨텐트 생성을 위한 저작 모델과 제안된 모델을 적용한 저작 도구를 소개한다. 특히 컨텐트의 상호 운용성을 지원하기 위해서 특정 파일 포맷에 독립적인 저작 인터페이스와 컨텐트 컴포지션 트리를 제안한다. 정의된 트리는 멀티미디어 디스크립션의 한 표준인 MPEG-4 표준안에서 제안한 장면 디스트립션 형식인 BIFS를 포함하여 다양한 포맷의 컨텐트 생성을 지원하고 기능에 대한 확장이 용이하다. 그리고 이를 응용한 저작 도구에서는 객체 기반 상호작용을 지원하는 방송용 컨텐트를 쉽게 생성할 수 있도록 효과나 템플릿 등 고급-수준의 시각적인 사용자 인터페이스를 제공한다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the production of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) by treatment of different amounts of rice straw with cellulase, hemicellulase, and xylanase. Treatment of high amounts of rice straw (100 g/l) with cellulase and hemicellulase resulted in similar production of WSCs. Reducing the amount of rice straw to 50 g/l decreased the production of WSCs by hemicellulase but had no effect on WSC production by cellulase. The interaction among rice straw amounts, and hemicellulase and xylanase activities was investigated using a Box Behnken design and a response surface model. An interaction was found only between hemicellulase and xylanase. An enzyme mixture consisting of 0.55 mg/ml of hemicellulase and 0.65 mg/ml of xylanase generated the highest amounts of WSCs, regardless of the amount of rice straw provided. Therefore, the activity of cellulase was higher than that of either hemicellulose or xylanase for WSC production from rice straw. The interaction observed for hemicellulase and xylanase indicates that a combined enzyme treatment could improve the production of WSCs from rice straw.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.353-363
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• 2000

In this study, discourse patterns of four peer small groups in learning science concepts were examined. Verbal interactions during small group discussions were audio- and video-taped, transcribed, and analyzed. Three coding frameworks for the levels of turns, interaction units, and episodes were developed. In the analyses of turns, no clear relationships between students' prior achievements and contributions to knowledge building processes were found. Partly participating modes and symmetrical interaction modes were dominant in the analyses of interaction units to suggest that some students did not participate actively in small group discussions and that students' verbal interactions were superficial. The analyses of episodes also indicated that agreeing and/or partial elaborating on group members' ideas were the most frequent patterns and dialectical exchanges were rare in small group discussion.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2014

This study aims to investigate better predictors, among learner participation and interaction, for collective self-efficacy and achievement in a web-based collaborative learning environment. Interaction requires communication among two or more learners, while participation does not. In this study, interaction was measured by in-degree centrality and out-degree centrality based on the social network analysis perspective. Multiple regression analysis results from 53 college students who performed team project via online showed that in-degree centrality predicted collective self-efficacy and out-degree centrality predicted achievement, while participation was not a significant predictor.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.99-111
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• 2021

This study confirms whether interaction and satisfaction between educators and learners can be repeated as artistic activities in art education and compares online and offline differences. And it suggests ways to enhance the effectiveness of online art education. As a method of research, literature analysis shall be conducted on art education, educational and social interaction, satisfaction, and behavioral intent. Two surveys were conducted on online and offline education for music and art students who completed art education lectures. As a result, 89 online and 56 offline students participated. The higher the satisfaction level of educational and social interaction in art education, the more it led to artistic activities. Educational interaction in online art education was higher, social interaction was lower, and it was different from offline.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.71-95
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• 2009

This study investigated relationships among infant development, teacher's sensitivity, home literacy environment, and infant-teacher interaction in the child care setting. Verbal and behavioral interactions between 30 2-year-old infant-teacher pairs were video-recorded during free play activities; teachers' sensitivity was observed by trained observers; infant development was assessed by teachers; data on the early home literacy environment were gathered through maternal self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, and correlation analyses. Results indicated that boys showed more naming; girls showed more physical contact with teachers. Infants high in overall developmental level showed more behavioral interaction with teachers. Teacher's sensitivity correlated positively with behavioral imitating and negatively with questioning and nodding. Verbal interaction in the home correlated positively with nodding.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2002

This study examined the effects of different interaction styles, that is, interaction with an object and interaction with an adult, on young children's cognitive level. Subjects were 150 5-year-old children. The task required children to predict the working of a mathematical balance beam. Seven cognitive levels were identified based on the logic of prediction. Data were analyzed by t-test, F-test, Duncan Test and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Test. Results showed that both interaction styles caused improvement in children's cognitive level, but when interaction with an adult was divided into two categories, i.e., interaction with the higher group and interaction with the lower group, the latter experienced decline in cognitive level. Regardless of sex, interactions within the Zone of Proximal Development and with the object were found to be effective methods for children's cognitive improvement.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of gender and exercise participation types on depression and cognitive function in the elderly. The data of 10,059 elderly individuals who participated in survey on the welfare and living conditions of elderly individuals in 2017 were utilized for this study. The SGDS and the MMES-DS were used to measure their level of depression and level of cognitive function. The data were analyzed using the frequency analysis, the reliability analysis, and the two-way ANOVA. The results are as follows: first, the main effects of gender and exercise participation on depression are statistically significant. However, the interaction effect between gender and exercise participation is not significant. Second, the main effect of gender on depression is statistically significant. However, the main effect of exercise frequency on depression and interaction effect between gender and exercise frequency are not significant. Third, the main effects of gender and exercise hours on depression are statistically significant. However, the interaction effect between gender and exercise hours is not significant. Fourth, the main effects of gender and exercise participation on cognitive function are statistically significant. Additionally, the interaction effect between gender and exercise participation is significant. Fifth, the main effects of gender and exercise frequency on cognitive function are statistically significant. However, the interaction effect between gender and exercise frequency is not significant. Lastly, the main effects of gender and exercise hours on cognitive function are statistically significant. Moreover, the interaction effect between gender and exercise hours is significant. In conclusion, participating in exercise has shown to be beneficial for decreasing the level of depression and increasing level of cognitive function in elderly of both genders. An additional discovery made through this research is that women's level of cognitive function improves larger than men's when they participate in exercise.