• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.65-88
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• 2022

Companies actively engage with the public through social media to enhance sales and promote brand awareness, which was further encouraged by the pandemic. However, previous studies tend to consider companies as a group of identical features. This study focuses on the differences between B2B and B2C companies' social media content strategy in relation to user engagement. This study categorized KOSPI 100 companies that manage Facebook corporate fan pages into B2B and B2C, and then analyzed the contents they posted from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The result showed that B2C companies tended to use videos over images, prefer hashtags, and comment its product name more often compared to B2B companies. B2B companies preferred images, used more hyperlinks, and mentioned its company name more often. In B2B companies, images and length of text had positive effects on user engagement, while hyperlink and URL had negative effects. B2C companies' text length had positive effect on user engagement. This study provides practical implications to PR practitioners for establishing a social media strategy which enhances user engagement.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.101-124
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• 2004

This study is to investigate structure relationship between factors influencing or mediating store loyalty in service encounter. The result of study suggests salesperson's voluntary service has an effect on store loyalty through interpersonal relationship and store satisfaction. On the other hand, nonvoluntary service doesn't statistically influence interpersonal relationship but influences store loyalty through store satisfaction. Interestingly this results shows that store loyalty is consisted of cognitive loyalty, affective loyalty, intentional loyalty, and behavioral loyalty and each loyalty have an affect in sequence each other. Managerial implications on research result is followed as first, as an evaluation method of salesperson, it is useful to evaluate salesperson's behavioral performance. second, to build store loyalty, it must make an effort for marketer to differentiate through store promotion in terms of customer's cognitive perspectives. It is meaningful for these results to apply to current retailing situations practically.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.307-317
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• 2011

Identifying gifted students in the valid method is one of the most important issues in the filed of gifted education. The Identification processes should be based on the theoretically sound definition of the gifted. However, the concept of giftedness varies according to the culture and philosophy of each society. Furthemore, we do not have any direct measure for evaluating students' giftedness. So far. there is no satisfactory single tool which is universally accepted as an absolute identification method. Recently, programs for gifted students are regarded as the channel for entering prestigious high schools as well as competitive colleges by many parents in Korea. As the result, education business for preparing young students to be accepted to gifted programs are growing rapidly. This study was performed in order to (1)analyze the problems in the current identification methods, (2)establish the strategies for identifying gifted students whom the future society needs, and (3)suggest the procedures and tools which can be adapted for the proposed identification methods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.399-409
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing health related quality of life(HRQOL) in patients with hypertension. Methods: This study carried out secondary analysis using the data from the $5^{th}$ Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subject samples who were selected are 1,240 hypertension patients. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, traditional classic regression, and quantile regression. Results: Restriction of activity, depressive mood, and subjective health status had only significant effects on HRQOL(p<.001). After quantile regression, depressive mood and subjective health status had only significant at 20%(p<.001), 40%(p<.001), and 60%(p<.01) of HRQOL. Perceived stress(p<.001) and regular exercise(p<.01) had only significant at 20% of HRQOL. Current drinking status had only significant at 20%(p<.001) and 80%(p<.01) of HRQOL. Conclusions: Quantile regression maybe a better statistical tool in understanding the heterogeneous effect of hypertension patient's HRQOL as health outcome. Therefore interventions are needed for patients with hypertension to manage each of the factors affecting the patient's perceived health status by each quantile.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.457-476
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• 2009

The research aimed to investigate characteristics of middle school students in a biology class as science gifted education in terms of self-regulated learning abilities, personality traits and learning preferences. The twenty subject in the study responded to questionnaires of a self-regulated learning ability instrument, a personality trait tool, and a learning preference survey in March, 2009. It was found that the research subjects showed higher levels of cognitive strategies, meta-cognition, and motivation than those students in a previous study(Jung et. al., 2004), while environment was opposite. The level of cognitive strategies was significantly correlated with meta-cognition(r=.610, p=.004) and motivation (r=.538, p=.014) and meta-cognition with environment(r=.717, p=.000). Those students who showed highest levels of self-regulated learning ability displayed various personality traits. One male student with the highest level of self-regulated learning ability showed a personality of hardworking, tender-minded, and conscientious traits and wanted to be a medical doctor. The female student with the second highest level of self-regulated learning ability presented a personality as creative, abstract and divergent thinker and she showed a strong aspiration to be a world-famous biologist with breakthrough contribution. The five students with highest levels of self-regulated learning ability showed a common preference in science learning: they dislike memory-oriented and theory-centered lecture with note-taking from teacher's writings on chalkboard; they prefer science learning with inquiry-oriented laboratory work, discussion among students as well as teachers. However, reasons to prefer discussion were diverse as one student wants to listen other students' opinions while the other student want to present his opinion to other students. The most favorable science teachers appeared to be who ask questions frequently, increase student interests, behave friendly with students, and is a active person. In conclusion, science teaching for the gifted should employ individualized teaching strategies appropriate for individual personality and preferred learning styles as well as meeting with individual interests in science themes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.582-591
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• 2009

The pyramid graph is an interconnection network topology based on regular square mesh and tree structures. In this paper, we adopt a strategy of classification into two disjoint groups of edges in regular square mesh as a base sub-graph constituting of each layer in the pyramid graph. Edge set in the mesh can be divided into two disjoint sub-sets called as NPC(represents candidate edge for neighbor-parent) and SPC(represents candidate edge for shared-parent) whether the parents vertices adjacent to two end vertices of the corresponding edge have a relation of neighbor or shared in the upper layer of pyramid graph. In addition, we also introduce a notion of shrink graph to focus only on the NPC-edges by hiding SPC-edges in the original graph within the shrunk super-vertex on the resulting graph. In this paper, we analyze that the lower and upper bound on the number of NPC-edges in a Hamiltonian cycle constructed on $2^n\times2^n$ mesh is $2^{2n-2}$ and $3*(2^{2n-2}-2^{n-1})$ respectively. By expanding this result into the pyramid graph, we also prove that the maximum number of NPC-edges containable in a Hamiltonian cycle is $4^{n-1}-3*2^{n-1}$-2n+7 in the n-dimensional pyramid.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1183-1193
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• 2010

The pyramid graph is well known in parallel processing as a interconnection network topology based on regular square mesh and tree architectures. The enhanced pyramid graph is an alternative architecture by exchanging mesh into the corresponding torus on the base for upgrading performance than the pyramid. In this paper, we adopt a strategy of classification into two disjoint groups of edges in regular square torus as a basic sub-graph constituting of each layer in the enhanced pyramid graph. Edge set in the torus graph is considered as two disjoint sub-sets called NPC(represents candidate edge for neighbor-parent) and SPC(represents candidate edge for shared-parent) whether the parents vertices adjacent to two end vertices of the corresponding edge have a relation of neighbor or sharing in the upper layer of the enhanced pyramid graph. In addition, we also introduce a notion of shrink graph to focus only on the NPC-edges by hiding SPC-edges within the shrunk super-vertex on the resulting shrink graph. In this paper, we analyze that the lower and upper bounds on the number of NPC-edges in a Hamiltonian cycle constructed on $2^n{\times}2^n$ torus is $2^{2n-2}$ and $3{\cdot}2^{2n-2}$ respectively. By expanding this result into the enhanced pyramid graph, we also prove that the maximum number of NPC-edges containable in a Hamiltonian cycle is $4^{n-1}$-2n+1 in the n-dimensional enhanced pyramid.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

Numerous observations revealed strong evidence of increased middle ultraviolet radiation or UV-B (280 ~ 320 nm) at the earth's surface resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion. UV is the waveband of electromagnetic radiation which is strongly absorbed by nucleic acids and proteins, thus causing damage to living systems. It has been recorded in the East Sea, Korea that solar UV-B impinging on the ocean surface penetrates seawater to significant depths. Recent researches showed that exposure to UV-B for as short as 2h at the ambient level (2.0 Wm$^{-2}$) decreased macroalgal growth and photosynthesis and destroyed photosynthetic pigments. These may suggest that UV-B could be an important environmental factor to determine algal survival and distribution. Some adaptive mechanisms to protect macroalgae from UV-damage have been found, which include photoreactivation and formation of UV-absorbing pigments. Post-illumination of visible light mitigated UV-induced damage in laminarian young sporophytes with blue the most effective waveband. The existence of UV-B absorbing pigments has been recognized in the green alga, Ulva pertusa and the red alga, Pachymeniopsis sp., which is likely to exert protective function for photosynthetic pigments inside the thalli from UV-damage. Further studies are however needed to confirm that these mechanisms are of general occurrence in seaweeds. Macroalgae together with phytoplankton are the primary producers to incorporate about 100 Gt of carbons per year, and provide half of the total biomass on the earth. UV-driven reduction in macroalgal biomass, if any, would therefore cause deleterious effects on marine ecosystem. The ultimate impacts of increasing UV-B flux due to ozone destruction are still unknown, but the impression from UV studies made so far seems to highlight the importance of setting up long-term monitoring system for us to be able to predict and detect the onset of large -scale deterioration in aquatic ecosystem.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.611-623
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• 2000

The cooperative learning movement began as parts of the desegregation process in America, aiming at increasing academic achievement and social skills among diverse students. Cooperative learning may be defined as a classroom learning environment in which students work together in small heterogeneous groups. Although many studies have shown the effectiveness of cooperative learning in a variety of subjects, relatively few have focused on biology. In this study, we investigated the effects of cooperative learning on students' achievement and attitude of middle school biology students. For this purpose this study compared three sections. In one section, a cooperative learning strategy was used. Second section was taught in small groups and the third section was instructed in the traditional method. The unit 'Structures and functions of animals' was used. A total of 188 students were included in this study. These classes were treated for 10hours during 10weeks from September 1 to November 28, 1999. The pretests-posttests control group design was applyed. An analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was used as the data analysis procedure. Significant differences were found in the achievement and the attitude of students using cooperative learning strategy(p<.05) when compared to traditional classroom structure and small group learning. Cooperative learning was more effective in the low-ability and average-ability students than the high-ability students in the science achievement. Cooperative learning is effective in both male and female students. And students in the cooperative group achieved better than those in other groups in affective, behavioral, and intention-cognitive domain of science attitude.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.51
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• pp.75-102
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• 2019

This study aims to figure out the progression of Hyundai motor's corporate cultural marketing by conducting semantic network analysis. Although the previous research has focused on conception, categorization, impact, and performance of cultural marketing, they hardly pay attention to changes in cultural marketing over time. To explore the identified gap, we collected 2,315 articles concerning Hyundai motor's cultural marketing on daily newspapers printed from 2001 to 2018. The 18-year time period was classified into four periods, and lists of words were extracted and analyzed by Korean language analysis program, Textom and social network analysis program, called 'UCINET'. The outcome of our analysis indicates that Hyundai Motor's cultural marketing has been developed from the strategy of merely increasing sales to the means of distinguishing their corporate and brand identity. In the early 2000s, the words 'customer', 'The Age of Great Paintings: Rembrandt and the 17th century Dutch paintings', and 'performances' were extracted with high frequency. It shows Hyundai Motor held performance-oriented events and provided benefits to specific consumer groups under the type of 'Cultural Promotion'. In addition, as the exhibition sponsored by Hyundai motor was reported in the media with high publicity effect, the concept of 'Cultural Support' is also emerged. In the late 2000s, the top exposures were 'Seoul Arts Center' and 'Seoul Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra'. Under the concept of 'Cultural Support', both organizations and cultural events were sponsored by Hyundai motor. Hyundai Motor has the tendency to cooperate with high profile parties who have already accomplished high publicities to attract social interests and issues. In the early 2010s, Hyundai Motor created cultural marketing brand and space ('Brilliant' and 'Hyundai Art Hall') that broadened the potential target groups, which represented both 'Cultural Support' and 'Cultural Enterprise'. In the middle and late of the 2010s, as shown by the high frequency of 'brand' and 'global', Hyundai Motor has focused on the global market and viewpoint has expanded to brand building focusing on the type of 'Cultural Enterprise'.