• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 2018

This study examines the locational characteristics and change of business type in the residental areas that have commercial gentrification issues in Seoul, Korea, using the logistic regression model. The analysis results indicate that the gentrification occurrence areas are strongly associated with low-density and old residential areas. In addition, those areas are more likely to have great accessibilities to highway ramp, subway station, colleges, and other facilities that attract people. Regarding the characteristics of the road, gentrification occurrence areas are associated with longer road length, lower rate of road areas, higher local integration of road network, and higher rate of three-way intersections. This finding indicates that low-density and old residential areas with organic road networks have strong links with commercial gentrification. This study also finds that the business type has been substantially changed from 2006 to 2014 in the commercially gentrified residential areas. While the coffee shops and drinking places have been increased, but neighborhood-living facilities have been decreased. This study also shows that the business life-cycles of drinking places or Korean restaurant are getting short. Finally, this study discusses the commercial gentrification issues and policy implications in the residential districts in Seoul, Korea.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.91-115
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• 2022

This study examines changes in business survival rates in a gentrified commercial district by comparing early movers with late entrants. Using the Hongik University Commerical District, or Hongdae, as a case study, we adopt discrete-time survival analysis to compare survival rates between businesses established before 2000 (early movers) and ones established after 2000 (late arrivers). We compare the business survival patterns in a gentrified commercial district (experimental group) to non-gentrified commercial districts (control group) in Mapogu. We examine a survival-rate difference between early movers and late arrivers by different industrial categories. We finally examine a survival-rate gap between franchise and non-franchised businesses. The results show that the early movers have lower survival rates than the late arrivers in the gentrified Hongdae area, whereas there is no significant difference in survival rates between the early movers and the late arrivers in Mapogu. The early movers in daily-life-supporting businesses in Mapogu have even higher survival rates than the late-arrivers. In addition, franchised businesses have higher survival rates than non-franchised stores both in Hongdae and Mapogu. The results provide statistical and comprehensive evidence of the displacement of early movers at a more rapid pace in gentrified areas than non-gentrified aveas, which has been an anecdotal narrative.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.50
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• pp.147-175
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• 2019

Gentrification is the process by which a working class or other disadvantaged area of a city changes into a middle class residential or commercial district. Gentrification, which has received much attention in arts management in recent years as part of a concern with urban regeneration, carries a generally negative connotation. In this paper, we interrogate this negative view of gentrification to explore ways arts entrepreneurship can convert the perceived threat of gentrification into opportunity. To this end, we examine the Mullae Cultural Salon in the gentrifying district of the Mullae Creative Village. Through a literature review of gentrification and arts entrepreneurship, we propose seven elements of art entrepreneurs responding to gentrification as an analytic framework for research. Our findings indicate that arts entrepreneurs were able to extend the maturity phase of gentrification and thus enhance the cultural and artistic value of the region for other artists and arts entrepreneurs.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2019

The ultimate aim of this study is to diagnose the process stage and look at the step change of transition process to see how the step changes. Therefore, in this study, cluster analysis was conducted by examining four types of commercial characteristics such as Retail Homogeneity, Share of Neighbourhood store, Share of chain store, and Share of cafe & Western food store. Through the cluster analysis, three types have been identified. Type1 is the first step which can explain the time before gentrification occurs and when the ratio of neighborhood facilities is the highest. Type2 is the second step that can explain boutique stage where the gentrification occurs. At this time, the ratio of Cafes & Western food restaurant increased and the proportion of neighborhood shops decreased. And Type3, third step is when the mature gentrification occurs. In the analysis of the transition period, it is necessary to monitor the change of the industry in the period from the first stage to the second stage. In the transition period from the second stage to the third stage, It is necessary to constantly monitor such factors as the increase of shops.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.3-20
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• 2023

This study aims to categorize the 14 major gentrified commercial areas of Seoul and analyze their characteristics based on their sense of place. To achieve this, we conducted hierarchical cluster analysis using text data collected from Naver Blog. We divided the districts into two dimensions: "experience" and "feature" and analyzed their characteristics using LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) of the text data and statistical data collected from Seoul Open Data Square. As a result, we classified the commercial districts of Seoul into 5 categories: 'theater district,' 'traditional cultural district,' 'female-beauty district,' 'exclusive restaurant and medical district,' and 'trend-leading district.' The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for policy-makers to develop more efficient and suitable commercial policies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.340-348
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• 2019

This study analyzes the factors that influence commercial gentrification in Seoul by using both logit model analysis and machine learning with data cumulated from 2015 to 2018 regarding 158 market areas. Logit analysis indicates that log(market area average monthly rent) and the ratio of the purchasing amount by customers aged 40 and younger to total sales in the restaurant and retail business category are statistically significant at 1%; the increase in sales per female customer aged between 30 and 39 in the restaurant and retail business category is statistically significant at 5%; and the increase in number of retailers with a business history of less than two years in the franchise business category is significant at 10%. Machine learning indicates that significant factors ordered by importance are the total retail area, the existence of an industrial complex within the market area, the existence of a traditional market within the market area, the location of subway stations within the market area, the increase of entertainment facilities such as movie theaters within the market area, average monthly rent, and the growth rate of average monthly rent. The contribution of this research is threefold. First, this study analyzes the entire commercial area of Seoul, Korea. Second, this study provides a foundation for future research on predictive indicators by empirically investigating the factors that influence commercial gentrification in Seoul. Lastly, this study introduces various methods of research by utilizing a machine learning approach.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.23-37
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• 2018

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of commercial uses in the area where Gentrification occurs. In order to cope with such a diffusion phenomenon, it is necessary to derive the diffusion area accurately. Gentrification has a feature that occurs locally in a short time. Therefore, this study used the space-time pattern analysis to derive the diffusion area of commercial uses in Bukchon, a typical gentrified area in Seoul. Among the space-time pattern analysis, space time permutation statistics used in this study can derive the convergence phenomenon of time and space in a particular case with only the location information. The results confirmed that there has been three proliferation area in Bukchon, one started in 2007, other in 2013 and the other in 2014. In the earliest area, independent shops were the most popular, and the majority of them were restaurants. However in latter areas, there has been more chain stores and clothing stores than earlier area. The findings of this study indicate that space time pattern analysis can be used as a tool to analyze the proliferation by gentrification because it can derive accurate location and timing of the diffusion.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of business-type-changed parcel in the Hongik-University commercial area, from the view point of commercial gentrification. A commercial gentrification occurs through a business-type-change in a spatial basic unit (microscopic spatial unit such as parcel) of an area which has not been considered in relavent policies and research. So, this study analyzed the spatial characteristics of business-type-changed parcels using the Cox's proportional hazard regression model. The main results of this study are as follows. First, as new developments in the adjacent area occur, the business-type-change probability increases. Second, by the commercial area division, the business-type-change probability is different. Finally, the accessibility is better, the probability is higher. These results could suggest that a consideration of the spatial characteristics form microscopic viewpoint is necessary to understand the commercial gentrification. And these could be used as basic data for a gentrification diagnostic and management system, which can predict gentrification from the view point of business-type-change on the basis of a parcel.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.13-23
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• 2018

"Special Act on the Rocal Collaborative Development", proposed by Seoul in late 2015, aims to promote win-win cooperation between local economic players and the development of local communities. However, since it is not possible to ensure its effectiveness by signing a local collaborative agreement, the rights and duties granted to the Parties to the Convention shall be more clearly defined. In addition, it is feared that the application of a uniform standard to businesses that wish to restrict the operation within the local collaborative development zone could prevent the operation restriction based on local characteristics. Accordingly, based on the FBR system in the U.S., it is possible to define the business as a "uniform store" and to determine the possibility of a uniform store to be sold through zoning plans in the region by the Local Collaborative Community Council.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.111-122
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand the timing of Gentrification by the study through the analysis of licensing data for food service businesses under the correlation with regional policies and systems. In addition, by analyzing the change in location patterns of the food service business in the district unit plan zones, the cause, development patterns and regional differences were identified. Starting with the Seoul hanok declaration in 2008, the approval of the food service business began to increase, and the floating population increased with the restoration of the Suseong Valley in 2012, and the concentration of food service business increased significantly on the waterway (Jahamun-ro 7-gil). Since the designation of Ikseon-dong as an urban environment readjustment zone in 2004, the approval of new food service business has been very low until around 2014, when the cooperative establishment committee is dissolved, and as the district unit plan for the preservation of hanok and regional management is being established, the number of new permits has exploded to date and restaurants in hanok conservation zones has been active.