• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.655-664
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to observe the degree of surface obliteration of dentinal tubule using Gluma(R) desensitizer and MS coat(R) with 15 specimens made out of 15 extracted lower incisors. They were divided into Root planning group(control), Gluma(R) desensitizer group(test I ) and MS coat(R) group(test II). Degree of Obliteration was examined under the scanning electron microscope(${\times}$2000). The following results were obtained: 1. In the root planning group(control), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 73.8%, the partial obliteration for 17.2% and the complete obliteration for 9.0%. 2. In the Gluma(R) desensitizer group (test I), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 23.6%, the partial obliteration for 42.8% and the complete obliteration for 33.6%. 3. In the MS coat(R) group (test II), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 19.2%, the partial obliteration for 45.6% and the complete obliteration for 35.2%. 4. The average number of open dentinal tubules in the control was significantly higher than in the test I and II (P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the test I and II. 5. The average number of the partially obliterated and the completely blocked dentinal tubules in the control was significantly lower than the test I and II(P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the test I and II. The results of this study suggest that Gluma(R) desensitizer and MS coat(R) is significantly effective on dentinal tubule obliteration, therefore they were effective on hypersensitivity caused by periodontal treatment

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Gingival recession is clinically manifested by an apical displacement of the gingival tissue and dentin hypersensitivity is often used to describe a painful condition in which exposed dentin is unduly sensitive to intraoral stimuli. The objects of this study were primarily to investigate the prevalence and distribution of gingival recession and hypersensitivity and secondarily to determine whether a relationship exists between gingival recession and hypersensitivity. The study population was 195 patients (102 males, 93 females) who were attended the department of periodontology, Pusan National University Hospital. 189 patients exhibited gingival recession at least more than 1 tooth, the prevalence was 96.9%. The maxillary and mandibular first premolar and mandibular incisors had the highest prevalence. The majority of patients (139 patients, 71.3%) were diagnosed as having dentin hypersensitivity. Dentin hypersensitivity was determined to 3 seconds application of cold air to the exposed root surface after isolating the test tooth and was commonest in maxillary and mandibular first premolars and mandibular incisors. Relationship between recession and hypersensitivity was analyzed using chi-square test (p=0.05), significant relation (p=0.000) was existed. Gingival recession was more severe, the prevalence of hypersensitivity was higher.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with hypersensitivity mode on microtensile bond strength of composite resin. Twenty extracted permanent molars were randomly assigned to six groups, according to the irradiation of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, adhesive system (Optibond FL or Clearfil SE bond) and application time of etchant (15 sec or 20 sec). Then composite resin was build up on each conditioned surface. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 h and twelve specimens for each group were prepared. All specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength and the fracture modes were evaluated. Also, the prepared dentin surface and laser irradiated dentin surface were examined under SEM. The results were as follows: 1. The microtensile bond strength of laser irradiated group was lower than that of no laser irradiated group. 2. Regardless of laser irradiation, the microtensile bond strength of Optibond FL was higher than that of Clearfil SE bond. And the microtensile bond strength of 20 sec etching group was higher than that of 15 sec etching group when using Optibond FL. 3. The SEM image of laser irradiated dentin surface showed prominent peritubular dentin, opened dentinal tubules and no smear layer.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.208-219
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• 2001

To study the effect of dentin permeability on a tooth with wear from tooth brushing after application of desensitizing agent, extracted teeth free from caries were chosen. Coronal dentin discs with thickness of 1mm were prepared. Using the split chamber device developed by Pashely, hydraulic conductance, scanning electron microscope images(SEM) and atomic force microscope images(AFM) were compared and contrasted before and immediately after the application of desensitizing agent and after equivalent tooth brushing of 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks. Four commercially available desensitizing agents were used in this study ; they were Gluma, Seal & Protect, All-Bond 2 and MS Coat. The results of this study are as follows. 1. On all specimens, the hydraulic conductance decreased after the application of tooth desensitizing agent. 2. Except the specimens treated with MS Coat, the remaining specimens had an increase in dentin permeability after tooth brushing for 1 and 2 weeks but a decrease after 6 weeks. 3. The specimens treated with MS Coat had statistically significant increase in the dentin permeability regardless with the duration of tooth brushing. 4. On examination of SEM and AFM, the dentinal tubule diameter had decreased after treatment of desensitizing agents. The specimens other than those treated with MS Coat, smear layers were noted after tooth brushing. It is not always consistant but the hydraulic conductance correlated with the images from SEM and AFM.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.231-242
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• 2006

Statement of problem: The sealing of the opened dentinal tubules that follows the tooth preparation for the prosthodontic restoration is considered as clinical process to reduce postoperative sensitivity. Purpose: This study investigated the effect of desensitization treatment on shear bond strength of luting cements. Materials and Method: Total 80 dentin specimens were divided into two groups according to the kinds of luting cements. Each groups was further divided into 4 subgroups with AQ $bond^{(R)}$, $Saforide^{(R)}$, Diode laser $MDL-10^{(R)}$ application and without desensitization treatment. After desensitization treatment application, Ni-Cr specimens were luted to dentin surface with Fuji $CEM^{(R)}$ and $Panavia-F^{(R)}$. Specimens were placed in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and shear bond strength between metal and dentin was measured by a universal testing machine. Results: 1. In Fuji $CEM^{(R)}$ cemented groups, the combination of AQ $bond^{(R)}$ showed the greatest strength, followed by diode laser, no desensitizer treatment, and $Saforide^{(R)}$. Both AQ $bond^{(R)}$ and Diode laser groups had a significant difference than no desensitization treatment group and $Saforide^{(R)}$ group(p<0.05). 2. In $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ cemented groups, the combination of Diode laser showed the greatest strength, followed by AQ $bond^{(R)}$, $Saforide^{(R)}$, and No desensitization treatment. All desensitization treatment groups had a significant difference than no desensitization treatment group(p<0.05). 3. All $Panavia-F^{(R)}$ groups showed a significant higher shear bond strength than all Fuji $CEM^{(R)}$ groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed possibility of bond strength increase after desensitization treatment. The application of desensitization treatments like AQ $bond^{(R)}$, $Saforide^{(R)}$, and Diode laser $MDL-10^{(R)}$ have advantages in exposed dentin surface after tooth prep.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.991-1002
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of desensitizing agents applied on hypersensitive root surface following periodontal treatment. This study included 21 subjects(168 vital teeth). To evaluate dentin sensitivity, three clinical tests(tactile, air stream, cold water) were tried and three different densensitizing agents(MS coat, Elmex gel. Superseal) were individually applied. After application, reassessment was done at 1 minute, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The results were as follows : 1. The degree of dentin sensitivity was measured highly in the sequence of cold water, air stream and tactile and significantly decreased in all four groups with lapse of time(p<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference between all four groups in the tactile test with lapse of time. 3. There was no significant difference between three experimental groups in the air stream test with lapse of time. however, one minute later, it was measured highly in the sequence of Superseal, MS coat and Elmex 4. There was no significant difference between three experimental groups in the cold water test with lapse of time. As a result of this study, all of three agents were significantly effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity and these agents could be positively employed to patients complaining of dentin hypersensitivity following periodontal treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.230-243
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• 1996

Root surface exposure due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, dentin exposure after root planing elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic stimulation. Especially, patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency and there have been reports showing the 1 out of 7 patients have dentin hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. but, none could provide absolute clinical efficacy. In this study, 45 teeth from 30 patients, who had had periodontal surgery and showed dentin hypersensitivity after surgery were chosen for the experimental group and they were illuminated with laser, 15teeth were chosen for the control group and they were not exposed to laser. After this dentin hypersensitivity was elicited by tactile, compressed air, cold water and then, the degree was evaluated using NRS(Numerical Rating Scale). And during LLLT(Low Level Laser Therapy) semiconductor laser using Gallium - Arsenide as a diode was illuminated for 180 seconds at a frequency of 7(500Hz). This therapy was done 10 times, and each time the changes in dentin hypersensitivity was evaluated using NRS. The results were as follows : 1. After treat with LLLT on dentin hypersensitivity due to periodontal surgery, 22.2% showed total loss of dentin hypersensitivity, 60.0% showed loss of tactile dentin hypersensitivity, 48.8% showed loss of compressed air dentin hypersensitivity, 22.2% showed loss of cold water dentin hypersensitivity. 2. As a result of clinical evaluation of dentin hypersensitivity using NRS, there was significant increase in improvement of dentin hypersensitivity in the experimental group compare to the control group(P<0.05). And there was almost no natural loss of dentin hypersensitivity in the control group. 3. In comparison of the stages of evaluation, there was significant difference in between experimental and control group. after the second visit(P<0.05), and the difference increased with each visit.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.483-495
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the human pulpal response to Dentin Bonding Desensitizer. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the first premolars and Dentin Bonding Desensitizer(ALL-BOND Desensitizer, Bisco, Inc. U.S.A.) was applicated in ten experimental teeth, or ZOE(PROPAC, GC Co. TOKYO, JAPAN) cement in eight control teeth and cavities were filled with light curing glass ionomer(Fuji II LC, GC Co., TOKYO, JAPAN). At 3-day and 25-day postoperative interval. pulpal response was observed and evaluated histologically with light microscope. The results were as follows. ; 1. At 3-day postoperative interval, the control teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response. 2. At 25-day postoperative interval, all control teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and in three control teeth grade 1 connective tissue response were observed, and one teeth showed grade 2 connective tissue response. 3. At 3-day postoperative interval, the experimental teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response. Below the cavity, a few inflammatory cell(PMNs) in odontoblastic layer, increased blood vessels and pulpal cells were seen and this pulpal response was similar to control teeth. 4. At 25-day postoperative interval, in four experimental teeth grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response were observed, and one experimental teeth showed mild inflammatory response. 5. At 3-day and 25-day postoperative interval, no reparative dentin deposition was seen. 6. Both experimental and control group, pulpal response showed difference between 3 and 25-day of postoperative interval. In control teeth, increased predentin and pulpal cells were seen and in experimental teeth, congestion of blood vessels and increased pulpal cells were seen. In conclusion, the pulpal irritation due to this Dentin Bonding Desensitizer was not severe, and it was considered that the agent was not harmful to the human pulp.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.469-477
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two dentin desensitizers and Er,Cr:YSGG laser for dentinal tubule occlusion. Twenty recently extracted single-rooted human teeth were used to obtain root dentinal fragments. The crowns were cut approximately 1mm below the cementum enamel junction(CEJ). A second cut was used to remove the apex of the root. Subsequently, a longitudinal cut was made in order to obtain 2 fragments from each root sample. The cementum from the cervical portion was removed using a high-speed diamond-coated bur in order to expose the dentin. To open dentinal tubules, forty samples were treated with 50% citric acid for 2 min and then rinsed under distilled water for 1 min. These were divided into four groups of ten samples each. The first group served as a control group. In group 2, the samples were irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser(Waterlase MD, Biolase, USA). In group 3, the samples were treated with Bisblock and ONE-STEP PLUS(Bisco, USA). In group 4, the samples were treated with Gluma comfort bond & Desensitizer(Heraeus Kulzer, Germany). All the samples were examined using Scanning electron microscopy(Hitachi, S-4700, Japan) with two different magnifications(X2000, X5000). These images were assessed by one examiner who was blind to the experimental procedure, using the index of smear layer removal. The distribution of smear layer removal grades was tested using Fisher's exact test. On the order hand, in order to evaluate the occluding effect of two dentin desensitizers and Er,Cr:YSGG laser, the number of exposed dentinal tubules was counted in each group. These were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test with significance predetermined $\alpha$=0.05. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups(Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Bisblock+ONE-STEP PLUS, Gluma comfort bond & Desensitizer) and control group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 1999

Exposure of the root surface due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic irritation. Especially patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency. There have been reports that the 1 out of 7 patients complains of dentinal hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride and potassium oxalate and to observe the relationship between the dentinal hypersensitivity and surface characteristics such as dentinal tubule size and number. This study included 20 teeth which were scheduled for extraction and had no pulpal disease. These teeth were divided into Root planing group, EDTA group, NaCl group and Oxalate group. Dentinal hypersensitivity is measured by tactile, pressured air and cold water using NRS (Numerical Rating Scales). Teeth were extracted under local anesthesia and each specimen was sectioned to a size about 3 X 5 mm and was examined under the scanning electron microscope (X2,000) The results were as follows, 1. The EDTA group exhibited significantly increased dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the other groups. 2. The NaCl and Oxalate groups showed significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the EDTA group. 3. As a method for dentinal hypersensitivity measurement, it was presumed thet tactile sensitivity test was not sensitive method but air blast test and cold water test were adequate method. 4. In a SEM study, the root planing group exhibited amorphous smear layer and showed no dentinal tubule orifice, but the EDTA group showed the large number of dentinal tubules. On the other hand, the NaCl and Oxalate groups did not show exposed dentinal tubules. The NaCl group showed more rough root surface than the EDTA group, and the Oxalate group showed many participates to be presumed as calcium oxalate particle. As the results from this study, root planing couldn't expose the dentinal tubule and NaCl and potassium oxalate occluded exposed dentinal tubule effectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity has close relationship with the exposure of dentinal tubules, especially with it's size and number.