• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.167-192
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• 2012

The purpose of the study aims to analyse the judgement criterion of arrived ship under voyage charterparty with the Merida Case. A ship is an arrived ship if she is in port and either able to proceed immediately to a berth or in such a position that she is at the immediate and effective disposition of the chaterparty. Identification of the specified destination-whether berth or port-impacts on the incidence of loss occasioned by delay in loading or discharging, when the delay is due to the place at which the vessel is obliged by the terms of the charterparty to load or discharge her cargo being occupied by other shipping. The Merida case is an appeal by the charterers from a final Arbitration award of two very experienced arbitrators, dated 20th April, 2009. The arbitrators held that a voyage charterparty, dated 5th February, 2007, of the vessel, The M/V Merida, entered into between charterers and the owners, was a port rather than a berth Charterparty. The Primary relevance of this distinction does to the allocation, as between owners and charterers, of the risk of delay caused by congestion at load and discharge ports. The question of law arising in this appeal is whether the arbitrators were right to conclude that the charterparty was a port and not a berth charterparty. The arbitrators additionary placed some reliance on a post-contractual e-mail from the agents, which suggested that charterers did not dispute the validity of the NOR-and, hence, that this was a port charterparty.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.70-84
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• 2000

한국유일체의서규(韓國有一體醫書叫) 신수비전격염진선결(神授秘傳隔簾診線訣). 대개시자종고대전하래적(大槪是自從古代傳下來的). 차서지내용시파환자여대부격개우실내여실외(此暑之內容是把患者與大夫隔開于室內與室外). 야부진행문진화문진(也不進行聞診和問診). 지완상계적선중래적감각래판단병증(只腕上係的線中來的感覺來判斷病症). 우안차병증제시치료법적비결(又按此病症提示治療法的秘訣). 아문상상가문도(我們常常可聞到) '고대적대부부근왕후('古代的大夫不僅王后). 이차장상적처첩(而且將相的妻妾), 也只고사선래진호맥(也只고絲線來診好脈), 가현재즘마야조불도나종유명적대부'아상차화기원우선결(可現在즘마也조不到那種有名的大夫'我想此話起源于線訣). 단종실제내간(但從實際來看). 불득부회의(不得不懷疑) ‘즘마능용일사선내정확판단환자적맥상('즘마能用一絲線來正確判斷患者的脈象), 우기시이차판단내소정하래적진단여치법우능신도심마정도니(尤其是以此判斷來所定下來的診斷與治法又能信到甚마程道尼).' 결과득지료(結果得知了) 격염진선결(隔簾診線訣) 상소서술적이론시기우'주역'적이론지사(上所敍述的理論是基于'周易'的理論之事), 요결형식내서술적(要訣形式來敍述的). 소이일반인흔난이해(所以一般人흔難理解). 인차아요대차이개소(因此我要對此而介紹). 수선통과선결적제요체예(首先通過線訣的提要體例), 작괘법급원문일례(作卦法及原文一例), 재의역학적립장상(在醫易學的立場上), 위료육효(爲了六爻), 생리(生理), 병리(病理), 진단(診斷), 예후(豫候), 방제화침구방면적응용(方劑和針灸方面的應用). 환유고찰료괘상적납갑(還有考察了卦象的納甲), 납지(納支), 세응(世應), 비신(飛神), 복신(伏神), 종류적작용여이용괘상적유관의역서적작용(種類的作用與利用卦象的有關醫易書的作用).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1585-1596
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• 2002

The objectives of the present study are to numerically and experimentally investigate the steady and pulsatile flow phenomena in the circular tubes, to quantitatively compare the flow characteristics of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, and to find meaningful hemodynamic information through the flow analysis in the human blood vessels. The particle image velocimetry is adopted to visualize the flow fields in the circular tube. and the results from the particle image velocimetry are used to validate the results of the numerical analysis. In order to investigate the blood flow phenomena in the circular tube. constitutive equations, which are suitable to describe the rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluids. are determined, and the steady and pulsatile momentum equations are solved by the finite volume prediction. The velocity vectors of the steady and pulsatile flow in the circular tube obtained by the particle image velocimetry arc in good agreement with those by the numerical analysis. For the given mass flow rate. the axial velocity profiles of the Newtonian and the non-Newtonian fluids appear differently. The pulsatile flow phenomena of the Newtonian and the non-Newtonian fluids are quite different from those of the steady flow.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.11-29
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• 2006

${\ulcorner}$동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)${\lrcorner}$소음인편(少陰人篇), 유신수열표열병화위수한리한병양대부분조성(由賢受熱表熱病和胃受寒畵寒病兩大部分組成). 신수열표열병(賢受熱表熱病), 분위울광증(分爲鬱狂證), 망양증(亡陽證), 태양병궐음증등삼개병증(太陽病厥陰證等三個病證). 상한론적하초축혈증시사기재하조적혈증(傷寒論的下焦血證是邪氣在下蕉魚的血證), 용저당탕(用抵當湯), 도인승기탕등파열해열지제치료(桃仁承氣湯等破血解熱之劑治療). 단동무인위상한하초축혈증위울축방광증(但東武認爲傷寒下蕉蓄血證爲鬱蓄醫謗胱證) 기병기시신국양기피사소거(其病機是賢局陽氣被邪所拒), 불능상소어비국(不能上疏於脾局), 울축방광(鬱蓄膀胱). 고동무장양기울축적병증시(故東武將陽氣鬱蓄的縮的病證視), 위울광증(爲鬱狂證), 장양기누설적한출시위망양증(將陽氣漏泄的汗出視寫亡陽證). 동무장태양상풍무한증(東武將太陽傷風無汗證), 하조축혈증(下蕉蓄血證), 귀속우울광초증(歸屬于鬱狂初證), 장열입혈실증(將熱入血室證), 양명병위가가실증(陽明病胃家實證), 귀속우울광중증(歸屬于鬱狂中證), 장양명병조열광언증(將陽明病湖熱狂言證), 귀속우울광말증(歸屬手驚狂末證), 장태양상풍한출증(將太陽傷風出證), 귀속우망양초증(歸屬于亡陽初證), 장양명병(將陽明病), 불오한(不惡寒) 반오열(反惡熱) 한자출증(汗自出證), 귀속우망양중증(歸屬手亡陽中證), 장양명병(將陽明病), 발열한다증(發熱汗多證), 귀속우망양말증(歸屬手亡陽末證). 타인위소음인음병당유복만자리(他認爲少陰人陰病當有腹題滿自利), 시병등증상(時病等症狀). 초기약무복통자리적증상이견궐음증(初起若無複痛自利的症狀而見厥歐陰證), 인위시정사상지일구이경기쇠갈소치(認爲是正邪相持日久而正氣衰竭所致).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.8-11
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• 2004

"황제내경(黃帝內經)"(간칭(簡稱)"내경(內經)")의 내용을 임상치료와 진단에서 사용하면서 얻은 체험을 종합해보면 다음과 같다. 1. "내경(內經)"에서는 병을 치료하는 방법과 기술에 있어서는 대부분 직접 어느 한 가지 질병에 어떠한 치료방법을 사용할 것과 그 치료방법의 구체적인 조작방법과 사용에 대하여 기록하고 있다. 이러한 기록은 저자가 진실로 보고 들은 것으로서 거짓됨이 없다. "내경(內經)"에는 치료 방법만으로도 침구(鍼灸), 약물요법(藥物療法)뿐만이 아니라 또한 방복수법(放腹水法)이 있으며, 물리강온법(物理降溫法), 단식요법(斷食療法), 수술절제법(手術切除法), 압추경동맥강온법(壓推頸動脈降溫法)(자절진사(刺節眞邪)), 견인(牽引), 자료(磁療) 및 "딸꾹질을 치료하는 세 가지 방법" 등 거의 30가지에 가까운 치료방법들이 기재되어 있다. 2. "내경('內經)"의 이론은 어느 한 사랑의 손에서 만들어진 것이 아니며 또한 어느 한 시기에 저술 된 것도 아니다. "각가학설(各家學說)"의 성격을 띠고 있다. 3. "내경('內經)"에서는 글귀가 간결하고 함축성이 아주 강하므로 한마디에 많은 뜻을 내포하고 있다. 그러므로 임상에서 사용할 때 그 뜻을 잘 이해하면서 사용해야 한다. 4. "내경(內經)"을 연구하는 사람들이 "내경(內經)"의 이론을 임상에서 사용할 때 가장 먼저 장중경선사(張仲景先師)를 본받아 여러 의학자들의 장점을 취해야 한다. "상한잡병론(傷寒雜病論)"에서는 곳곳에 내경(內經)"의 취지를 나타내고 있으며 내경(內經)" 에 나오는 방법을 치료의 원칙으로 삼고 있다. 치료원칙은 대부분 "음양응상대론(陰陽應象大論)의 기준으로 삼고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1967

돈단독(豚丹毒)에 대한 돼지 항체(抗體)를 검출(檢出)할 수 있는 실용적(實用的)인 혈청학적(血淸學的) 방법(方法)은 아직까지 없다. 그리고 보체결합반응(補體結合反應)은 가장 우수(優秀)하고 예민(銳敏)한 혈청학적반응(血淸學的反應)이긴 하지만 돼지 혈청(血淸)이 항체(抗體)이면 면양적혈구항가토혈청(緬羊赤血球抗家兎血淸) 및 기니픽 보체(補體)로 구성되는 용혈계하(溶血系下)에서는 돼지 혈청(血淸)의 친보체작용(親補體作用) 때문에 보체결합반응(補體結合反應)이 불가능하다. 이 연구(硏究)에서는 정상가토혈청(正常家兎血淸)이나 다른 정상소(正常素)를 반응계(反應系)에 첨가하여 친보체작용(親補體作用)을 없애는 개량보체결합반응(改良補體結合反應)으로 돈단독(豚丹毒) 항체(抗體) 1 항원(抗原)의 특이적(特異的)인 결합(結合)을 가능하게 하였다. 즉, 1/2 단위(單位)의 항원(抗原), 2정확단위(正確單位)의 기니픽보체(補體), 2단위(單位), 2% 감작면양적혈구(感作緬羊赤血球) 그리고 0.04 ml의 가토정상소(家兎正常素)는 돈단독(豚丹毒) 항원일항체결합물(抗原一抗體結合物)에 보체(補體)가 특이적(特異的)으로 결합(結合)되게 하였다.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2018

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang on Neurogenic bladder by Frontotemporal dementia in a 65-year-old male patient. Method Patient was treated with Yanggyuksanhwa-tang. Patient's symptom was assessed Total Frequency of urination, Frequency of nocturia, single voided volume. The treatment was executed three times everyday from March, 21th to March 29th of 2018. Patient was observed from March, 20th to March, 30th. Results During 8 days of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang, patient's symptoms were evaluated by Total Frequency of urination, Frequency of nocturia, single voided volume. After the treatment, Total Frequency of urination, Frequency of nocturia decreased. Single voided volume increased. Conclusion The results suggest that Yanggyuksanhwa-tang can be a valuable option in treating Neurogenic bladder by Frontotemporal dementia.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2020

The dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is in great peril. The Appellate Body has ceased to function last December as the United States has blocked the appointment of new Appellate Body members since 2017. The focus of this study is on the examination of US's discontent on the Appellate Body and various efforts to reform the Appellate Body. In a recent report, the US Trade Representative raises its concerns on the Appellate Body including 90 days mandatory deadline, transitional rules for outgoing Appellate Body members, scope of appeal, advisory opinions, precedent, recommendation, and overreach without offering any viable solutions. Some of WTO members and experts proposed several Appellate Body reform measures but agreement between WTO members is unlikely in a foreseeable future. Alternative dispute settlement mechanisms should be seriously considered such as interim appeal arbitration arrangements, separate dispute settlement mechanisms for trade remedies, unilateral retaliatory measures without WTO authorization. Rules-based multilateral dispute settlement system is imperative to small open economies like Korea. The Korean government should actively participate in Appellate Body reform discussions with other WTO members to keep the WTO dispute settlement system from collapsing.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.910-932
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• 1996

A problem of determining the effective conductivity of a useful model of sphere-matrix type, disordered three-phase composite media is considered. Specifically, a three-phase media in which two-phase composite spheres, consisting of spheres of conductivity $k_2$((phase 2) and concentric shells of conductivity $k_3$(phase 3), are randomly distributed in a matrix of conductivity $k_1$( (phase 1) is considered. As for the structure models configuring three-phase composite media, three different structure models of PCS, PS-1 and PS-2 models are defined, which are analogous to well-established PCS, PS structure models of two-phase composite media. Futhermore, a generalized PS-PCS structure model is proposed to incorporate thesee three different models in one. Effective condectivity $k^{\ast}$of multiphaes composite media is greatly influenced by the phase connectivity of each disspersed phase material, as well as phase conductivities and phase volume fractions. Phase connectivity of three-phase PCS, PS-1, PS-2 composite media is quantified by the impentrability parameter $\lambda$. Mathematically rigorous first-order cluster bounds on $k^{\ast}$ are derived for these models of three-phase composite media, and as computation examples, first-order cluster bounds on $k^{\ast}$ for three-phase composites consisting of largely different phase conductivities are computed and compared as function of concnectivity parpmeter $\lambda$. Results and discussions are given.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.873-876
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• 2000

So-gal(消渴) is a oriental medical pathologic state that is characterized by 3 major symptoms - thirst, polyphasia, polyuria - of which especially thirst features Sang-so(上消). Diabetes mellitus and So-gal(消渴) have many points in common. But there are considerable differencies between them, because they have obviously different diagnostic bases from each other. That is, oriental medicine places more weight on symptoms than clinopathologic laboratory reports. This case of stroke patient complained of severe thirst and additional dryness in the mouth, choking sensation in the chest, hidrosis, insomnia, dark colored urine, constipation. The patient had no clinical history of diabetes mellitus. Based on oriental medical standards, we diagnosed the case as Sang-so(上消). Several herbal medicines were dispensed for 48 days. And considerably effective result were obtained. Object : 1 case of stroke patient who complained severe thirst. Medication : . Seonghyangjeonggisan for 5 days (2000. 6. 9 - 6. 13.) . Paljeongsan for 21 days (2000. 6. 14. -7. 5) . Ikwonsan for 8 days (2000. 7. 6 - 7. 13) . Okcheonsan for 14 days (2000. 7. 14 - 7. 27) Result : 1. After administration of Paljeongsan, dark colored urine turned normal. 2. After administration of Ikwonsan, dryness in the mouth improved. 3. After administration of Okcheonsan, thirst significantly improved. Constipation, choking sensation, hidrosis, insomnia also improved.