• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.8-14
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• 1983

The doses to Korean adult by a single and chronic intake of tritiated water are determined using a three compartment model, which describes the retention of tritium radionuclide in body water and in bound organic form in the body. The results show that the total dose of a single intake, using retention half-time for the three-compartment of 9, 30, and 450 days, is 17.64 mrads ($176.4{\mu}Gy$) per 1mCi/kg ($3.7{\times}10^7Bq/kg$) intake, 97% of which is due to tritium in body water and 3% to bound tritium in tissue. In the chronic intake of 1mCi/day($3.7{\times}10^7Bq/day$) tritiated water, the total dose is 85.5 mrad/day(0.855mGy/day). Furthermore, in this study (MPC) a and (MPC)w values of tritium for Korean man are calculated by using the modified formula originated from ICRP Publication-2. From the results, we found that the (MPC) a, w values of ICRP underestimated approximately 50%, the (MPC)a, w values of Korean man must be elevated as high as approximately 50% than that of ICRP.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.67-99
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• 2019

This paper analyzed romance novels imported into Korea in the 1980s and examined the traits of Korean girls' culture at that time. To this end, This paper chose as subjects the series of 'high-teen romance' published by Samjungdang, 'princess bestseller' by Seoul Publishing and the 'silhouette romance' by Joongang Ilbo in the 1980s. Through the aspects of the paperback romances, the traits of the artist, the content of the work, and the response of the reader, this paper analyzed the position and affection of romance as a genre in Korean culture in the 1980s. In the 1980s, most of the paperback romances available in Korea were translations of the modern and progressive present lines of Harlequin Enterprise's category romance. There were also many writers who were mostly introduced with progressive characters like Charlotte Lamb. The Harlequin romance depicts a story of sensual love. These translated 1980s paperback romance novels allowed girls in Korea to freely imagine the problems of sex and love. In particular, it showed a new perspective on women's sexuality. In Korean love novels, the sexuality of women was treated as an object for the gaze of men. The novels of female writers as college student who criticized this dealt with women's sexuality, but focused on criticism and resistance to the ideology of chastity. The paperback romance made it possible for women to freely enjoy their sexuality by escaping the ethical standards of reality. In addition, the paperback romance was an escape from the frustration of love. Romantic love in Korean love novels did not lead to the unification of mind and body, and always ended in tragedy. On the contrary, the paperback romance started with the fear of the girl who felt love for the first time, showed the process of winning over anxiety, confirming love and reaching a happy marriage. Through this, girls understood general love that was not subordinated to the ideology of chastity, and accepted love positively. The process of establishing romance as a genre in Korean culture and the traits of its readers have not yet been sufficiently clarified yet. This paper compared the romance genre with the other love novels of the day, explaining the position and meaning of the romance genre in Korean culture in the 1980s. Through this, we were able to chart the historical development of the Korean romance genre.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.83-100
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• 2012

This paper estimates the impacts of introducing the 40 hour work week standard in South Korea on actual working hours, wages and employment. We exploit variation in timing of implementing the 40 hour work week standard across industries and establishment size and estimate the causal effects by a triple difference model. Our results show that the 40 hour work week standard decreased actual working hours by about 43 minutes while it increased hourly wage rate by 6.6%. The probability of new hires decreased by about 2.3% points.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2020

In this paper, the commercial feasibility of trigeneration, producing heat, power, and hydrogen (CHHP) and using biogas derived from macroalgae (i.e., seaweed biomass feedstock), are investigated. For this purpose, a commercial scale trigeneration process, consisting of three MW solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), gas turbine, and organic Rankine cycle, is designed conceptually and simulated using Aspen plus, a commercial process simulator. To produce hydrogen, a solid oxide fuel cell system is re-designed by the removal of after-burner and the addition of a water-gas shift reactor. The cost of each unit operation equipment in the process is estimated through the calculated heat and mass balances from simulation, with the techno-economic analysis following through. The designed CHHP process produces 2.3 MW of net power and 50 kg hr^-1 of hydrogen with an efficiency of 37% using 2 ton hr^-1 of biogas from 3.47 ton hr^-1 (dry basis) of brown algae as feedstock. Based on these results, a realistic scenario is evaluated economically and the breakeven electricity selling price (BESP) is calculated. The calculated BESP is ¢10.45 kWh^-1, which is comparable to or better than the conventional power generation. This means that the CHHP process based on SOFC can be a viable alternative when the technical targets on SOFC are reached.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.47-88
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• 2010

Focusing on the Korean experience, particularly a recent amendment which extends maternity leave and increases financial benefits during maternity and childcare leave, this paper evaluates how such an expansion of benefits affects the employment and the hourly wages of young wages of childbearing age. Empirical results from a difference--in-difference-in-differences model having older warren, older men, and young men simultaneously as the control group suggest that neither the employment nor the hourly wages of young women are affected. This implies that the law change does not cause shifts in the labor supply curve and the labor demand curve for young women.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 1997

Seasonal variation in species composition of fish in the coastal water off Heunghae were determined using the samples collected by trammel net from Hay, 1989 to October, 1990. Of 28 species identified, three resident species such as Sebastes inermis, Mexagrammos otakii and Hexagrammos agrammus predominated in abundance except fall. In fall, temporal species such as Stephanolepis cirrhifer and Thamnaconus modestes were dominated. The number of species and abundance did not show seasonal variation. Mean catch per unit effort was 1,938 g (11 individuals) with a 100 m net during one night, Analysis of size composition of dominant species revealed that most fish collected were composed mainly of large individuals (>20cm) whose ages were older than 3 years.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2000

Most of artificial reefs in the examined areas were normally established except for some lower parts demersed slightly, and some to function. 1) Twenty species of fish were captured by fishing gear, and 10 species were observed by scuba in the examined areas. 2) Five algal and five fisheries animal species were observed as fouling organism. 3) C.P.U.E of trap, long liner and gill netter in the examined areas was respectively 2.12, 10.23, and 4.93, where as that in contral was established as 1.41, 4.43 and 2.86. 4) Species composition by the fishing gear the trap, long liner and gill netter in the examind areas was respectively 94, 85 and 118, where as that in control was established as 58, 37 and 62. Accordingly, The fishing effects in the artificial reefs installation sector was two times higher than comparative sector.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2020

This study aimed to collect the carbon dioxide generated as a by-product from petrochemicals and liquor factories and use it in a crop breeding greenhouse. This was applied mainly to the storage of dry ice and the supply of carbon dioxide to achieve this target. Dry ice has a strong cooling effect because CO₂ becomes a solid or gas at temperatures and pressures below the triple point, and the solid sublimes at -78.5℃ and atmospheric pressure. The consumption of dry ice according to temperature was 0.983kg/day, 2.358kg/day, 5.102kg/day, and 7.035kg/day when the temperature was 5℃, 10℃, 15℃, and 20℃, respectively, which corresponded to 1,102ppm, 1,481ppm, 1,677ppm, and 1,855ppm. Dry ice consumption in the test greenhouse decreased by approximately 0.9kg/h, and the CO₂ concentration in the greenhouse at 9 a.m., before supplying dry ice increased to 517ppm, 1,519ppm at 10 a.m., 1,651ppm at 11 a.m., and 1,651ppm at 12 p.m., before maintaining this level of activity. Overall, this study attempted to contribute to increasing farm income by deriving the supply conditions through an expansion of the supply of carbon dioxide gas for crops.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.60-70
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• 2000

An 8$\times$8+20-bit MAC is designed with low power design methodologies at each of the system design levels. At algorithm level, a new method for multipl $y_tract operation is proposed, and it saves the transistor counts over conventional methods in hardware realization. A new Booth selector circuit using NMOS pass-transistor logic is also proposed at circuit level. It is superior to other circuits designed by CMOS in power-delay-product. And at architecture level, we adopted an ELM adder that is known to be the most efficient in power consumption, operating frequency, area and design regularity as the final adder. For registers, dynamic CMOS single-edge triggered flip-flops are used because they need less transistors per bit. To increase the operating frequency 2-stage pipeline architecture is adopted, and fast 4：2 compressors are applied in Wallace tree block. As a simulation result, the designed MAC in 0.6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 1-poly 3-metal CMOS process is operated at 200MHz, 3.3V and consumed 35㎽ of power in multiply operation, and operated at 100MHz consuming 29㎽ in MAC operations, respectively.ly.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2014

This paper describes the results of assessment of radiological dose resulting from operation of the Daedeok nuclear facilities including the HANARO research reactor, which has been performed to assure whether or not to comply with the regulation standards of the radioactive effluents releases. Based on the meteorological data and the radiation source term, the maximum individual doses were evaluated from 2010 to 2012. The atmospheric dispersion and the deposition factors of gaseous effluents were calculated using the XOQDOQ computer code. ENDOS-G and ENDOS-L code systems were also used for maximum individual dose calculation from gaseous and liquid effluents, respectively. The results were compared with the regulation standards for the radioactive effluents presented by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC). The effective doses and the thyroid doses of the maximum individual were calculated at the maximum exposed point in the Daedeok site, and contributions of exposure pathways to the radiological doses resulting from gaseous and liquid radioactive effluents were evaluated at each facility of the Daedeok site. As a result, the maximum exposed age was analysed to be the child group, and the operation of HANARO research reactor had a major effect more than 90% on the individual doses. The main exposure pathways for gaseous radioactive effluent were from ingestion and inhalation. The effective doses and the thyroid doses were considerably influenced by tritium and iodine, respectively. The gaseous radioactive effluents contributed more than 90% on the total doses, whereas the contributions of the liquid radioactive effluents were relatively low. Consequently, the maximum individual dose due to radioactive effluents from the nuclear facilities within the Daedeok site were less than 3% of the regulation standard over 3 years; therefore, it can be concluded that radioactive effluents from the nuclear facilities were well managed, with the radiation-induced health detriment for residents around the site being negligible.