• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 2017

The insecticidal activities of the Eucalyptus dives and Thymus vulgaris oils were assessed against Plodia interpunctella and Tribolium castaneum in granary. Insecticidal activities of the E. dives oil showed 100 % mortality against P. interpunctella larvae for 72 h and P. interpunctella adults for 3 h. Moreover, the T. vulgaris oil was observed with 100 % mortality against T. castaneum larvae for 120 h and T. castaneum adults for 120 h. These results indicate that it may be possible to control P. interpunctella and T. castaneum through the application of E. dives and T. vulgaris oils in granary.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

Insecticidal activity of 33 registered insecticides was tested against last nymphal instars and adults of ussur brown katydid (Paratlanticus ussuriensis). All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration of each insecticides by producer. Acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, EPN and fenitrothion which were organophates, and a mixture combined with chlorpyrifos+${\alpha}$-cypemethrin showed 100% mortality of P. ussuriensis. But fipronil showed only 100% mortality in leaf-dipping method. Carbamates insecticidal groups, benfuracarb and furathiocarb were showed over 80% and phenthoate was $60{\sim}80%$ in mortality of P. ussuriensis. Among the mixture, etofenprox+diazinon and esfenvalerate+fenitrothion were showed 60-80% against last nymphal instars of P. ussuriensis. Otherwise, acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, EPN and fenitrothion were showed 100% mortality of P. ussuriensis within only 24 hours after treatment, but there was no effective after then in residual tests with leaves.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1996

Effects of 14 carbohydrates supplied as carbon sources on cell growth and sporulation of, and the production of insecticidal crystal proteins by Bacillus thuringiensis strains were investigated in liquid cultures. Strains grew well in media containing any one of the 14 carbohydrates supplied, reaching maximum cell densities of $10^7{\sim}10^8\;cells/ml$ in 16.7 to 22 hours after inoculation depending on the strain. Spores first appeared in 16.7 to 24.7 hours after inoculation, and 80% sporulation was reached in 28 to 51.3 hours after inoculation depending on the strain. No change in pH of media was observed after cell multiplication. The production of total protein was highest when supplied with sucrose and was lowest with starch. More insecticidal crystal proteins were produced when supplied with glucose, lactose, maltose, or sucrose. The amount of insecticidal crystal proteins produced by the strains was proportional to that of the total protein. The relative amount of individual insecticidal crystal protein species produced by B.t. kurstaki and B.t. israelensis was not influenced by the carbohydrates supplied.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2007

A Insecticidal effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract was conducted for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus as a predominant species in korea. D. pteronyssinus has been cultured in constant temperature and humidity chamber at the 25$^{\circ}C$ and 75% of relative humidity. The mortality of mites was determined by counting the dead bodies for every hour within 48 hours with pin hall microscope after treated by Ginkgo biloba leaves extract spreaded on 0.1 g of mass cultured media. The sequence of mortality for D. pteronyssinus are as follows, bilobalide was 91.6%, 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 82.8%, second water fraction was 75%, ethyl acetate fraction from 80$^{\circ}C$ water fraction was 73%, first ethyl acetate fraction from 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 69.4%, putaltrin was 65%, distilled water was 58%, methanol extract was 57.8%, Ginkgolide-A was 57.1 %, ethyl acetate fraction of 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 55%, respectively. From the these results we conclude that the bilobalide is the most effective component in the Ginkgo biloba leaves extract having insecticidal effect on house dust mite.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 1973

An experiment was carried out to investigate possible use of several systemic insecticides as seed treatment to control some insect pests of rice, barley and soybean. The insecticides were impregnated with active carbon dust and $2\%$ water solution of methyl cellulose as skicker. The seeds were dressed with the insecticides: Fussol (Monofluoroacetamide), Dimethoate (0, 0-dimethyl-S-(N-methyl carbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate), Metasystox (0, 0-dimethyl 0-2 ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate), Dimecron (0, 0-dimethyl (diethylamide-1-chlorocrotonyl) Phosphate). The seeds were treated at the rate of $4\%$ by grain weight. Effects of seed treatments with systemic insecticides on the seed germination and insecticidal effectiveness were tested. Fer rice, no seed germination was observed in Fussol treatment. Dimethoate, Metasystox and Dimecron showed a slight reduction in germination when seeds were sown 1 day after treatment, but they showed gradual reduction in germination when seeds were sown 20 and 45 days after treatment. Especially Diriethoate treatment showed significant reduction in germination after 20 and 45 days of storage. All the insecticides reduced seedling stands of barley somewhat. No plant emergence was observed in Fussol treatments after 25 and :to days of storage. In case of the 40 days of storge in barley seed treated with Dimethoate, Hetasystox and Dimecron there was no gignificant reduction in plant emergence except Fussol treatment. Dimethoate was highly toxic to the soybean seed viability. However, there was no significant reduction in the soybean germination after 1 day of storage. in Fussol, Metasystox and Dimecron treatments After 25 days of storag in Fussol and Dimethoate treatments, no plant emergence was observed, and there was $13.3\%$ emergence in Metasystox treatment, and $93.0\%$ emergence in Dimecron treatment. Dimethoate treatment in rice seed(variety Suwon # 82) showed $90\%$ mortality at the twentieth day and $33.3\%$ at the thirtieth day after sowing against the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps But no visible effectiveness was observed in Metasystox and Dimecron treatments. Dimethoate treatment in barley seed resulted in low population density of aphids. Rhopalosiphum spp. Final observation on the number of eggs per plant was made at the fiftieth day after sowing; 2 in Dimethoate, 4 in Fussol, 6 in Metasystox, 7 in Dimecron, and 13 in check plots. All the insecticides tested resulted in good insecticidal effectiveness against the aphids, Aulocorthum solani on soybean plant at the ninth day infestation after sowing. Dimethote, Metasystox, and Dimecron treated soybean plants was still effective in controlling the aphids to the eighteenth day infestation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2024

Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905 is the invaded species in Korea since 2003. Since its importance as the honey bee pest, beekeepers use insecticides to kill the adult and immature hornets. However, its legality and effectiveness has not been confirmed. This study investigated the susceptibility of insecticides commonly used to control hornets by beekeepers in Korea. Eight insecticides were tested on adult worker and larvae by topical or oral treatment. Adults showed more than 70% mortalities from Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, and Carbosulfan treatment within 30 minutes. Bifenthrin and Cartap hydrochloride showed relatively low toxicity. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) for Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, and Carbosulfan was 0.29, 0.65, and 2.21 ㎍/bee, respectively. In larval feeding test where 5^th instar larvae were fed 3 times every 24 hours, the mortality began after second treatments. After 3rd treatments (72 h), all insecticides showed mortality more than 70%. The LD₅₀ values of Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, and Carbosulfan to V. velutina were approximately 10 to 100 times higher than those to honey bee, Apis mellifera. This study provides the basic information of those chemical toxicities to Vespa hornet and honey bees.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2012

In order to develop eco-friendly biopesticide, an entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus temperata M1021 has been lyophilized via freeze-drying along with protective agents such as skim milk, starch, sodium alginate, glucose and sodium glutamate to protect cells from lysis. Freeze-drying powder of P. temperata M1021 containing 7% skim milk (w/v) showed highest survival rate of 63% among all the protective agents used in trials. Furthermore, the freeze-dried microbial powder showed 75% of survival rate after stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks at air contact conditions. Injection toxicity of the freeze-dried sample was tested against larvae of Galleria mellonella. A dose of $2.0{\times}10^1$ cells of P. temperata M1021 killed 100% of the G. mellonella larvae within 4 days after injection. Moreover, $2.0{\times}10^0$ cells caused 50% mortality within the 4 days after injection. Freeze-dried P. temperata M1021 strains exhibited effective insecticidal activity and could be a better candidate for being used as a biopesticide.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the control effect of nuclear polyhedrosis virus and NeemAzal-T/S on Spodoptera litura larvae. In laboratory test, values of$ LT_{50}$ and $LT_{95}$ when treated with S. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SINPV) $1$\times$10^{8}$ PIBs/ml plus NeemAzal-T/S 200 ppm were 1.94 and 8.33 days, respectively. Control effect of the combination of SINPV $1$\times$10^{8}$ plus NeemAzal-T/S 200 ppm was higher than the other concentrations. This mixed treatment could reduce LT$_{95}$ by 3 days. When SINPV alone was sprayed to the S. litura larvae reared on chinese cabbage seedling, the mortalities were 10.7~6.7% at 4 days after treatment. In combinations of SINPV plus NeemAzal-T/S at each level of concentration, the mortalities appeared faster and higher at 4 days after application than single treatment. Especially, the mortalities by combinations of SINPV $1$\times$10^{8}$ /PIBs/ml plus NeemAzal-T/S at 75~200 ppm were 100% at 9 days after treatment. The body weight of untreated larvae was increased 9.4-folds from 235 mg to 2194 mg after 7 days. However, the increasing levels of larval weight were 4.8- and 7.0-folds in the separate treatments of NeemAzal-T/S and SINPV, respectively. Whereas in the combinations of SINPV $10^{4~8}$ PIBs/ml plus NeemAzal-T/S 75~200 ppm, larval weight was increased 3.9 to 2.9-folds. These results showed that the mortality and inhibition of larval weight in the combination of SINPV and NeemAzal-T/S were highly enforced by synergistic effect.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2012

In this study, 1, 2 and 4% aqueous extracts of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) fruit were tested against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) for development of an environmental friendly control methods of this pest. The common cocklebur fruit extracts showed effects on mortality, repellency, fecundity and adult emergence of C. chinensis and inhibited pulse grains from damage. The 4% extract showed the highest mortality (26%) and repellency rate (53.3%) at 2 day after treatment and 3 hours after treatment, respectively. The studied insects revealed lowest fecundity (113.7 female-1), highest percentage of adult emergence inhibition (37.0%) and lowest percentage (42.3%) of seed damage when they were reared on pulse grains mixed with 4% extract. This finding indicated that common cocklebur fruit extract may be used in the integrated management of pulse beetle for protecting stored grains.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the contact toxicity, fumigant toxicity, and synergistic effect using agricultural materials (AM) when mixed with selected essential oils against oak longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis. Four kinds of AM, namely, chungkiller, ungsalta, jinap, purunjunsa showed 100% contact toxicity at one day after treatment. Subsequently, four AM was tested the fumigant toxicity during 24 hours. At concentration of 1 mL, jinap and chungkiller showed 100% mortality at 3 hr after treatment, prunjunsa and ungsalta showed 100% mortality at 6 hr after treatment. When applicate to the small vinyl bag (15 L), all AM (50 mL/15 L) was showed 100% mortality. Jinap showed the mortality 100% when mixed pennyroyal oil with the ratio of 5+1. It was higher than single treatment.