• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 2022

The application of fungicides is indispensable to global food security, and their use has increased in recent times. Fungicides, directly or indirectly, have impacted insects, leading to genetic and molecular-level changes. Various detoxification mechanisms allow insects to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxicity induced by agrochemicals including fungicides. In the present study, we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of detoxifying enzymes in Tenebrio molitor larvae following exposure to non-lethal doses (0.2, 2, and 20 ㎍/µL) of a fungicide captan. Transcripts of peroxidases (POXs), catalases (CATs), superoxide dismutases (SODs), and glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) were screened from the T. molitor transcriptome database. RT-qPCR analysis showed that TmPOX5 mRNA increased significantly 24 h post-captan exposure. A similar increase was noticed for TmSOD4 mRNA 3 h post-captan exposure. Moreover, the expression of TmCAT2 mRNA increased significantly 24 h post-treatment with 2 ㎍/µL captan. TmGST1 and TmGST3 mRNA expression also increased noticeably after captan exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that TmPOX5 and TmSOD4 mRNA can be used as biomarkers or xenobiotics sensors for captan exposure in T. molitor, while other detoxifying enzymes showed differential expression.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.5 s.92
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• pp.418-423
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• 2006

이 사례연구는 누수가 있었던 고층 아파트의 공기중 진균 오염 실태를 조사하고, 이를 개선하기 위해 취해진 복원방법의 효과를 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 공기중 진균은 주로 엔더슨 샘플러를 사용하여 측정하였다. 누수가 있었던 아파트의 복원 전 공기중 진균 농도는 매우 높았다(평균: $51,000\;cfu/m^{3}$, 기하평균: $40,163\;cfu/m^{3}$). 고농도의 오존처리와 오염된 벽체 철거 후 공기중 진균 농도는 상대적으로 매우 낮아졌으며(평균: $1,118\;cfu/m^{3}$, 기하평균: $899\;cfu/m^{3}$), 제거효율은 96.3%로 나타났다. 철거되지 않고 남아 있던 인근 벽체의 벽지를 제거하고 살진균제 처리를 실시한 결과, 공기중 진균 농도는 상대적으로 안전한 수준까지 낮아졌으며(평균: $95\;cfu/m^{3}$, 기하평균: $88\;cfu/m^{3}$), 제거효율은 99.7 %로, 나타났다. 결론적으로, 누수가 있었던 아파트의 공기중 진균 농도는 매우 높은 상태로 오염이 심한 상태이었으나, 본 연구에서 적용한 복원방법들은 공기중 진균 농도 저감에 있어서 매우 높은 효율을 나타냈다.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2018

Pyraclostrobin is a broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits mitochondrial respiration. However, it may also induce systemic resistance effective against bacterial and viral diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether pyraclostrobin enhanced resistance against the bacterial spot pathogen, Xanthomonas euvesicatora on pepper (Capsicum annuum). Although pyraclostrobin alone did not suppressed the in vitro growth of X. euvesicatoria, disease severity in pepper was significantly lower by 69% after treatments with pyraclostrobin alone. A combination of pyraclostrobin with streptomycin reduced disease by over 90% that of the control plants. The preventive control of the pyraclostrobin against bacterial spot was required application 1-3 days before pathogen inoculation. Our findings suggest that the fungicide pyraclostrobin can be used with a chemical pesticide to control bacterial leaf spot diseases in pepper.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.220-227
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• 2021

Fluoroimide is a fungicide and is also used as a pesticide for persimmons and potatoes. The established fluoroimide pesticide analysis method takes a long time to perform and uses benzene, a carcinogen. In addition, a lower limit of quantification is required due to enforcement of the Positive List System. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the analysis method for residual fluoroimide to resolve the problems associated with the current method. The analytical method was improved with reference to the increased stability of fluoroimide under acidic conditions. Fluoroimide was extracted under acidic conditions by hydrogen chloride (4 N) and acetic acid. MgSO₄ and NaCl were used with acetonitrile. C₁₈ (octadecylsilane) 500 mg and graphitized carbon black 40 mg were used in the purification process. The experiment was conducted with agricultural products (hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin, green pepper), and liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the instrumental analysis. Recovery of fluoroimide was 85.7-106.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 15.6%. This study reports an improved method for the analysis of fluoroimide that might contribute to safety by substituting the use of benzene, a harmful solvent. Furthermore, the use of QuEChERS increased the efficiency of the improved method. Finally, this research confirmed the precise limit of quantification and these results could be used to improve the analysis of other residual pesticides in agricultural products.