• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.335-353
• /
• 2010

Following the emergence of a knowledge-based economy, the triple helix model has been recognized as a new - regional and national - innovation model. This model seeks to understand the innovation process that is centered upon the university-industry-government interactions. The governance of the triple helix innovation system can be divided into three models according to the structure and depth of university-industry-government interactions. In the context of evolution, the triple helix can be established through the following three processes of development; i) internal transformation of each helix, ii) impacts of one helix on another helix, and iii) horizontal interactions among three helices. In theory, the triple helix model can be covered as part of the innovation system perspective. Compared to the innovation system perspective, the triple helix model tends to pay, however, more attention to the incompleteness of innovation system and the role of university in the process of knowledge creation. In view of regional innovation, the triple helix can be sustained when the triple helix spaces, including knowledge space, consensus space and innovation space, are created and the three triple helix spaces interact with one another. The existing literature on the triple helix model tends to make selectively use of only a single method between the qualitative method and the quantitative method, although both have shortcomings to reveal the dynamic characteristics of university-industry-government relations. Therefore, research on the triple helix is required to reconcile with two research methods, which are distinct but complementary in nature.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.401-415
• /
• 2013

This study aims to examine the characteristics of interaction among innovative actors including industry, university and government, participating in cultural contents industry cluster in Daegu. Specifically, the study focuses on the change of role for each actor. Triple helix of cultural contents industry cluster in Daegu has been developed backed up by strong contribution of both industry and government, and by interaction between them. However, As technologies surrounding cultural contents industry become complicated and diversified, The role of the university as an entrepreneurial university is more important. In this sense, respective actors should strengthen its capacity in order to improve triple helix of cultural contents industry in Daegu. Based on this, government policy should be established and implemented toward to encouraging cooperation among participating actors.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.69-85
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find the effects of triple helix model on the firm innovation, especially focused on the moderating effects of trust in Daegu Gyeongbuk. There are two ways of triple helix interactions in Korea. One is a traditional triple helix interaction in which entrepreneurial universities have a central role. As the other way, such 3rd-sector type organizations as technoparks have a important role in facilitating the triple helix interactions. We collected data from 231 firms located in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. According to the findings, firstly, 3rd-sector type organizations such as technoparks have a positive(+) effect on the firm innovation. But a traditional triple helix interaction has not. Secondly, a 3rd-sector type support has much more positive(+) effects on the firm innovation than a traditional triple helix interaction. Thirdly, the trust has a positive(+) moderating effect on the firm innovation in the two-type of the triple helix interactions. In the conclusion, research implication, limitation of this study, and future directions are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.94-107
• /
• 2006

This study aims to make an analysis of the innovation milieu in connection with the agricultural products and distribution system, and suggest policy alternatives for agricultural development and rural community. The decisions on the agricultural management are highly depend on the individual farm household' conditions(labor force or profits) rather than the crop units(JAKMOKBAN) or others. The partnerships of the innovation agents and trust between the individual farm households are considerably weak. From this paper, we suggest as follows to improve the regional agricultural industry and rural community development. The individual farm households need to convert market-oriented production system. And it is more important to enhance the innovation milieu than to enlarge physical infrastructure for agricultural development and rural community.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.801-816
• /
• 2014

This paper is a theoretically grounded empirical study aimed at shedding light on the Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government (U-I-G) relations in biotechnology cluster of Singapore. It questions the issue about the gap between theoretical consideration of the Triple Helix of U-I-G relations and the actual reality in biotechnology cluster, and the experience of Singapore was investigated. In terms of evolutionary perspective, biotechnology cluster in Singapore has gone through ongoing processes from a certain stage to other, and within the processes the Triple Helix nexus has been found. Analysis of the empirical study reveals significant findings: first, the government policies play a critical role in the operation of U-I-G relations rather than universities; second, therefore, the binding force of U-I-G relationships is based on the government policies being comprehensive including researchers immigration, student scholarship for local students, and tax and non-tax incentives for firms, rather than focusing on a targeted policy; third, the role of government starts from an initial stage, and it's role is ongoing processes by supporting infrastructure, human sources and continuous nourishment enabling the triple helix of U-I-G relations.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the activity of ALS, content of endogenous free amino acids and fatty acids affected by herbicide mixture of cyhalofop-butyl, pyribenzoxim and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl. $I_{50}$ values (concentration required for 50% inhibition of ALS activity) of pyribenzoxim herbicide on the activity of ALS in Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus serotinus in vitro were recorded at 4${\times}$100 nM and 5${\times}$10 nM, respectively, while $I_{50}$ values of pyrazosulfuron against E crus-galli and C. serotinus were 4.5${\times}$10 nM and 4${\times}$10 nM, respectively, and the mixture of two herbicides showed additive effect on ALS activity at the low application rate, and independent effect at the high application rates of two herbicides. The inhibition rates of the three herbicides mixture treatment on the three branch-chain amino acids such as valine, leucine and isoleucine were 74.6%, 66.6% and 57.9% in C. serotinus and 36.6% 51.1% and 48.1% in E. crus-galli, respectively. A little bit higher inhibitory effect on the three branch-chain amino acids in C. serotinus and E. crus-galli seedlings was observed in two herbicide mixture of pyribenzoxim with pyrazosulfuron than three herbicide mixture of cyhalofop with pyribenzoxim and pyrazosulfuron. The interaction among three herbicides showed non-antagonism on the amounts of endogenous free amino acids.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2000

Eddy covariance method is widely used in measuring vertical fluxes of mass and energy between the atmosphere and the biosphere. In this method, scalar concentration is measured with either open-path or closed-path sensors. For the latter, fluctuations of scalar concentration are attenuated as the sample travels through a long tube, resulting in flux loss. To quantify this tube attenuation, water vapor concentrations measured with both closed-path and open-path sensors were analyzed. Our statistical analysis showed that the power spectral density obtained from the closed-path sensor was different from that from the open-path sensor in the frequency range of > 0.5 Hz. The loss of water vapor flux due to tube attenuation was < 5% during midday. At nighttime, however, the flux loss increased significantly because of the low wind speeds and the weak turbulence sources. Theoretical calculation for the tube attenuation showed a small bias in high frequency range probably because of the interaction of sticky water vapor with a tube wall.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.325-332
• /
• 1983

To investigate interactions of silicate and phosphate applied in paddy soil, different levels of the two fertilizers were treated on pots of Jinheung variety of Japonica rice, then availability and absorption of the silicate and phosphate and growth of the rice plant were analyzed. The availability of silicate applied in soil was reduced by increased application of phosphate and this antagonism implied the interaction of silicate and phosphate in soil. The silicate absorption by rice plants was remarkably reduced by the phosphate application, while the phosphate absorption was reduce only at high levels of silicate. At low levels of silicate, the phosphate absorption was affected differently depending on growth stage or parts of the rice plant. The application of silicate fertilizers increased the pH of the soils. The application of silicate and phosphate fertilizers improved the plant height, the tiller number, and the grain weight, but not the dry weight of the grain. The effect of interaction of silicate and phosphate on the plant growth did not appeared.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.388-405
• /
• 2009

This paper examines the triple helix innovation system in the Oresund food cluster, considered as one of the most competitive food clusters in the globe. The result of the case study represents that the triple helix system of the Oresund food cluster is composed of three layers of triple helix spaces. Such three triple helix spaces play a crucial role in making the industry-university-government relationships interactive and dynamic. First, knowledge spaces in the Oresund food cluster are very strong and competitive in education and R&D capabilities in related to the food sector. 14 universities in the Oresund region are connected and coordinated by the integrated organization body, called the Oresund University. Second, the Oresund Food Network(OFN), as a central consensus space in the Oresund food cluster, functions as a pivotal organization that facilitates and coordinates cooperations between firms and universities. Third, most important innovation space in the triple helix system of Oresund food cluster can be science parks and business incubators such as Ideon Science Park, which contribute to linking, between research and commercialization, and between firms and universities in the region. In a nutshell, the Oresund food cluster has been evolved as an innovative regional cluster on the basis of well-established three-layered triple helix spaces of regional innovation system.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.256-258
• /
• 2014

This paper aims at examining the role of university, industry and government, which constitute the triple-helix innovation system in hi-tech cluster, based on the case of the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Firstly, the state government has played a catalytic role by building the horizontal governance of triple-helix actors. By doing so, the state government has made it possible for not only growing but also transforming the RTP as an high-tech cluster. Secondly, universities in the triangle area have played to some extent a limited role in sustaining the evolution of cluster. Thirdly, the RTP has long been dominated by a small group of large firms. However, the situation has been changed since 1990s, because new start-ups from universities and local large firms and the technology transfer activities between universities and firms have been increased in the RTP and its surrounding area. Finally, it argues that the continuous evolution of the RTP has been to some or large extent influenced by the transition from the exogenous development model to the endogenous development model.