• Title/Summary/Keyword: 산화 아연

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Sonochemical Synthesis and Photocatalytic Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles (초음파 방법을 이용한 ZnO 나노입자 합성 및 광촉매 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Min-Seon;Kim, Jae-Uk;Yoo, Jeong-Yeol;Kim, Jong-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.60 no.1
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    • pp.34-38
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using the sonochemical method, where equimolar amounts of zinc acetate dehydrate and sodium hydroxide were separately dissolved in deionized water, and then mixed for 30 min under magnetic stirring. The resultant white gel was sonicated for 60, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min with magnetic stirring. The obtained precipitates were centrifuged, repeatedly washed with ethanol to remove ionic impurities, and dried at 50 ℃ for 24 h. The formation of pure NPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and their crystallinity and crystal phases were analyzed as well. Structural investigation was carried out by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The photocatalysis behavior of the ZnO NPs was investigated in a dark room under UV irradiation, using Rhodamine B. Spherical, rod, and flower-like ZnO NPs could be obtained by adjusting the sonication time, as observed by FE-SEM. The flower-like ZnO NPs exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity.

Effect of Daphnia magna on Nanoparticle(ZnO, TiO2) Aggregates in Aqueous System (수생태계에서 ZnO, TiO2나노입자 응집체가 물벼룩(Daphnia magna)에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ha-Neul;Lee, Byeong-Woo;Park, Chan-Il;Kim, Mu-Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.468-473
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    • 2014
  • This study is unrefined ZnO, $TiO_2$ nanoparticles is expose M4 medium to search nanoparticle aggregation and Daphnia magna was any effect by immobilization and mortality. ZnO and $TiO_2$ nanoparticle powder-size is respectively 20 nm and 40 nm. but, M4 medium has about respectively as 1333 nm and 1628 nm, 40 to 70 times were agglomerated. Immobilization of ZnO and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles was influenced both time and concentration the higher to swimming of D.magna. Especially, The immobilization of D.magna in nano-ZnO is greater than that influence in nano-$TiO_2$. Mortality of ZnO nanoparticle is higher rate at long time and high concentration. $TiO_2$ nanoparticle observed mortality at 10ppm concentration after 72h. Consequently, when Nanoparticles is introduced into ocean. Particle size become grow. Additionally, aggregation be caused affect aquatic ecosystems.

Effects of Precursor Concentration on Surface and Optical Properties of ZnO Nano-Fibrous Thin Films Fabricated by Spin-Coating Method (스핀코팅 방법으로 제작된 ZnO 나노 섬유질 박막의 전구체 농도에 따른 표면 및 광학적 특성)

  • Kim, Min-Su;Kim, Ghun-Sik;Yim, Kwang-Gug;Cho, Min-Young;Jeon, Su-Min;Choi, Hyun-Young;Lee, Dong-Yul;Kim, Jin-Soo;Kim, Jong-Su;Lee, Joo-In;Leem, Jae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.483-488
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    • 2010
  • ZnO nano-fibrous thin films with various precursor concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mol (M) were grown by spin-coating method and effects of the precursor concentration on surface and optical properties of the ZnO nano-ribrous thin films were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). ZnO nuclei were formed at the precursor concentration below 0.4 M and the ZnO nano-fibrous thin films were grown at the precursor concentration above 0.6 M. Further increase in the precursor concentration, the thickness of the ZnO nano-fibrous thin films is gradually increased. The intensity and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the near-band-edge emission (NBE) is increased as the precursor concentration is increased. The deep-level emission (DLE) is red-shifted as the precursor concentration is increased.

Structural and Optical Properties of Sol-gel Derived ZnO:Cu Films

  • Bae, Ji-Hwan;Park, Jun-Su;Jo, Sin-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.08a
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    • pp.199-199
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    • 2013
  • 최근 단파장 광전 소자와 고출력 고주파 전자 소자에 대한 수요 때문에 넓은 밴드갭 에너지를 갖는 반도체에 관심이 많다. 이중에서, ZnO는 우수한 화학 및 역학적 안정성, 수소 플라즈마 내구성과 저가 제조의 장점 때문에 광전자 소자 개발 분야에 적합한 산화물 투명 전극으로 관심을 끌고 있다. 불순물이 도핑되지 않은 ZnO는 본질적으로 산소 빈자리 (vacancy)와 아연 격자틈새 (interstitial)와 같은 자체의 결함으로 말미암아 n형의 극성을 갖기 때문에, 반도체 소자로 응용하기 위해서는 도핑 운반자의 농도와 전도성을 제어하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 박막 제조시 제어성, 안정성과 용이하게 성장이 가능한 졸겔 (sol-gel) 방법을 사용하여 사파이어와 석영 기판 위에 Cu가 도핑된 ZnO 박막을 성장시켰으며, 그것의 구조, 표면 형상, 평균 투과율, 광학 밴드갭 에너지를 계산하였다. 특히, Cu의 몰 비를 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1 mol로 변화시키면서 ZnO:Cu 박막을 성장시켰다. ZnO:Cu 졸은 zinc acetate dihydrate, 2-methoxyethanol (용매), momoethanolamine (MEA, 안정제)을 사용하여 제조하였다. 상온에서 2-methoxyethanol과 MEA가 혼합된 용액에 zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn)을 용해시켰다. 이때 MEA와 Zn의 몰 비는 1로 유지하였다. 이 용액을 $60^{\circ}C$ 가열판 (hot plate)에서 24 h 동안 자석으로 휘젓으며 혼합하여 맑고 균일한 용액을 얻었다. 이 용액을 3000 rpm 속도로 회전하는 스핀 코터기의 상부에 장착된 사파이어와 석영 기판 위에 주사기 (syringe)를 사용하여 한 방울 떨어뜨려 30 s 동안 스핀한 다음에, 용매를 증발시키고 유기물 찌꺼기를 제거하기 위하여 $300^{\circ}C$에서 10분 동안 건조시킨다. 기판 위에 코팅하는 작업에서 부터 건조 작업까지를 10회 반복한 다음에, 1 h 동안 전기로에 장입하여 석영 기판 위에 증착된 시료는 $550^{\circ}C$에서, 사파이어 기판은 $700^{\circ}C$에서 열처리를 수행하였다. Cu의 몰 비 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 1로 성장된 ZnO:Cu 박막에 대한 x선 회절 분석의 결과에 의하면, 모든 ZnO:Cu 박막의 경우에 관측된 34.3o의 피크는 ZnO (002) 면에서 발생된 회절 패턴을 나타낸다. 이것은 JCPDS #80-0075에 제시된 회절상과 일치하였으며, ZnO:Cu 박막이 기판에 수직인 c-축을 따라 우선 배향됨을 나타낸다. 사파이어 기판 위에 증착된 박막의 경우에, Cu의 몰 비가 점점 증가함에 따라(002)면 회절 피크의 세기는 전반적으로 증가하여 0.07 mol에서 최대를 나타내었으나, 석영 기판 위에 증착된 박막의 경우에는 0.05 mol에서 최대를 보였다. 외선-가시광 분광계를 사용하여 서로 다른 Cu의 몰 비로 성장된 ZnO:Cu 박막에서 광학 흡수율 (absorbance) 스펙트럼을 측정하였으며, 이 데이터를 사용하여 평균 투과율을 계산한 결과, 투과율은 Cu의 몰 비에 따라 현저한 차이를 나타내었다. Cu의 몰 비가 0.07 mol일 때 평균 투과율은 80%로 가장 높았으며, 0.03 mol에서는 30%로 최소이었다. 광학밴드갭 에너지는 Tauc 모델을 사용하여 계산하였고, 결정 입자의 형상과 크기와의 상관 관계를 조사하였다.

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Preparation of blocking ultraviolet mica composites using Nano-TiO2 (Nano-TiO2를 이용한 자외선차단 마이카 복합체 제조)

  • Yun, Ki Hoon;Lee, Jaebok;Moon, Young-Jin;Go, Hee Kyoung;Lee, Yi;Lee, Dong-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.1197-1205
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    • 2018
  • UV protection cosmetics belong to functional cosmetics and contain organic or inorganic UV blocking pigments. The inorganic UV blocking pigments are mainly zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. It is known that inorganic UV blocking pigment has a diameter of 60 to 100 nm and has good blocking ability of UVA and UVB. Also, it has high inactivity against sunlight including UV and is excellent in safety. In addition, it is not absorbed or accumulated on the skin like organic pigments and does not cause skin irritation or allergy. In this study, mica, a plate-shaped inorganic pigment, nanosized titanium dioxide, an UV blocking material, and hydrophobic silica were surface-treated with surfactants. And then, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silica were physically adsorbed on the mica by non-chemical mutual attraction due to differences in charge. Thereafter, the mica complex was surface-treated with silane to prepare a hydrophobic UV blocking pigment complex. The plate-shaped UV blocking composite improves the cohesiveness of a general nanoparticle material titanium dioxide, enhances UV blocking effect due to uniform dispersion, and can greatly improve dispersion stability in cosmetic formulations by surface treatment with hydrophobic property. The surface charge of the pigment was evaluated by zeta potential. The properties of the UV blocking pigment complex were evaluated by FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR and UV-VIS.

Development of antimicrobial edible films and coatings: a review (항균 가식성 필름/코팅 개발 현황)

  • Kim, Su Yeon;Min, Sea C.
    • Food Science and Industry
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.37-51
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    • 2017
  • Food packaging strategies have steadily improved with increasing demand for improved food safety, convenience, and shelf life. The development of edible film has been hailed as a technology substituting packaging using synthetic plastics. There has been a surge for research to develop antimicrobial edible films and coatings that can increase microbiological safety while preserving foods. This review addresses recent results that are useful in advancing and extending research into antimicrobial edible films. In this review, we suggest the trend of the development of antimicrobial edible film/coatings by outlining edible film materials, antimicrobial substances, antimicrobial and physical properties of the films, commercial antimicrobial edible films, and methods to statistically predict the efficacy of antimicrobial edible film/coatings, reported in recent studies.

Transfer of Arsenic and Heavy Metals Existed as Acid Extractable and Reducible Formsfrom Flooded Soilsto Rice Plant (담수토양 내 비소 및 중금속의 존재형태(산추출형, 환원형)에 따른 식물체(벼) 전이특성)

  • Koh, Il-Ha;Kim, Jung-Eun;Ji, Won-Hyun
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.296-309
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    • 2022
  • This study investigated the mobility of inorganic elements (As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) that existed as acid extractable and reducible forms in flooded soils with a pot experiment involving rice cultivation. In general, it is known that soil inorganic elements that existed as an acid extractable form which includes exchangeable, carbonates, non-specifically sorbed, and specifically sorbed have mobility. However, the result of the experiment revealed that each inorganic elements of rice roots grown from flooded soils had different characteristics. The concentrations of Arsenic existed as both forms and the concentrations of cadmium and lead existed as a reducible form in the soils showed a high causal relationship with the concentrations of those elements in the roots of rice plants. The concentrations of zinc, an essential plant element, didn't show a causal relationship. Therefore it is necessary to consider the soil's environmental characteristics such as drained/flooded condition, oxidation/reduction condition, etc. for the mobility assessment of inorganic elements. The concentrations of the reducible form of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in flooded environment such as a paddy field should be also considered because the mobility of these elements combined with Fe/Mn increases in the reduction condition.

Study on Material Characteristic of Daegu Modern History Museum Collection Rickshaw (대구근대역사관 소장 인력거 재질분석 연구)

  • Lee, Ui Cheon;Lee, Yeong Ju;Kim, Soo Chul
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.133-143
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    • 2022
  • In this study, we analyzed the rickshaw (Owned by the Daegu Modern History Museum) by measuring each material. The purpose of the study was to identify the materials in modern cultural assets that utilize a variety of materials in a complex way, and establish basic data for preservation and management. Using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers (P-XRF), species identification, fiber identification, paint film analysis (microscope observation, SEM-EDS, FTIR) on metal, wood, fiber and paint was carried out. Brass, an alloy of Copper, Zinc and Iron, was measured in the metal parts. Further, wooden parts, such as Oak (Quercus acutissima), Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Bamboo (Bambusoideae). Torreya nucifera (Torreya spp.) were identified in the body. Fiber parts consisted mainly of cotton, but some parts were also made of leather. In terms of paint, rickshaws were applied with multiple layers, using cashew (synthetic paint used in place of lacquer). In sum, the rickshaw body part appeared to overlap with layers of fiber, metal (soild), paint, and colored (black, red) layer.

Composite-Based Material and Process Technology Review for Improving Performance of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (압전 에너지 수확기의 성능 향상을 위한 복합재료 기반 소재 및 공정 기술 검토)

  • Kim, Geon Su;Jang, Ji-un;Kim, Seong Yun
    • Composites Research
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.357-372
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    • 2021
  • The energy harvesting device is known to be promising as an alternative to solve the resource shortage caused by the depletion of petroleum resources. In order to overcome the limitations (environmental pollution and low mechanical properties) of piezoelectric elements capable of converting mechanical motion into electrical energy, many studies have been conducted on a polymer matrix-based composite piezoelectric energy harvesting device. In this paper, the output performance and related applications of the reported piezoelectric composites are reviewed based on the applied materials and processes. As for the piezoelectric fillers, zinc oxide, which is advantageous in terms of eco-friendliness, biocompatibility, and flexibility, as well as ceramic fillers based on lead zirconate titanate and barium titanate, were reviewed. The polymer matrix was classified into piezoelectric polymers composed of polyvinylidene fluoride and copolymers, and flexible polymers based on epoxy and polydimethylsiloxane, to discuss piezoelectric synergy of composite materials and improvement of piezoelectric output by high external force application, respectively. In addition, the effect of improving the conductivity or the mechanical properties of composite material by the application of a metal or carbon-based secondary filler on the output performance of the piezoelectric harvesting device was explained in terms of the structure of the composite material. Composite material-based piezoelectric harvesting devices, which can be applied to small electronic devices, smart sensors, and medicine with improved performance, can provide potential insights as a power source for wireless electronic devices expected to be encountered in future daily life.

A Study on the Flame Retardant Properties of EPDM Rubber Mixed with Phosphorus and Halogen Compound (인 및 할로겐 함유 EPDM 고무 혼합물의 난연 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Seong Su;Im, Wan-Bin;Kim, Jin Hong;Park, Young-ae W.;Woo, Je-Wan
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.224-233
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    • 2002
  • This study has investigated the flame retardant properties of EPDM rubber with the addition of various flame retardants. Carbon black, stearic acid, zinc oxide cross-linking agent were mixed with EPDM rubber to produce the base rubber E0 without the addition of flame retardants. Phosphorus flame retardant Tricrecyl phosphate(TCP) was added to E0 in 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 phr to make E1~E4 samples and red phosphorus was added in 3, 6, 9, 12 phr to make E5~E8 samples. A flame retardant of the bromine family Decabromodiphenyloxide(DBDPO), and a chlorinated paraffin retardant of the chlorine family was added to E0 in 3, 6, 9, 12 phr to make E9~E12 and E13~E16 samples, repectively. Basic physical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength and hardness were measured for all the rubber samples with various flame retardant additions. There was no substantial differences. On the other hand, Oxygen index and UL94 were measured to study flame retardant properties. From oxygen index measurements E0 sample showed a value of 23.5%, indicating the improvement of flame retardant properties. Also from UL94 measurements, it was found that addition of red phosphorus resulted in maximum flame retardant effect. It was found that increasing the amount of addition resulted in decreasing combustion rate and improving flame retardant effect regardless of the kind of flame retardant.