• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.694-702
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• 2014

The micron-sized ITO(indium tin oxide) particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis from aqueous precursor solutions for indium, and tin and organic additives solution. Organic additives solution with citric acid(CA) and ethylene glycol(EG) were added to aqueous precursor solution for Indium and Tin. The obtained ITO particles prepared by spray pyrolysis from the aqueous solution without organic additives solution had spherical and filled morphologies whereas the obtained ITO particles with organic additives solution had more hollow and porous morphologies with increasing mole of organic additives. The micron-sized ITO particle with organic additives was changed fully to nano-sized ITO particle whereas the micron-sized ITO particle without organic additives was not changed fully to nano-sized ITO particle after post-treatment at $700^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and wet-ball milling for 24 hours. The size of primary ITO particle by Debye-Scherrer formula and surface resistance of ITO pellet were measured.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.723-731
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• 1995

P $b_2$S $r_2$( $Y_{1-x}$ C $a_{x}$)C $u_3$ $O_{8+}$$\delta$/ samples were prepared with x=0.4~0.6 and small $\delta$. To minimize the extent of oxidative decomposition reaction which occurs during the preparation of this phase, two annealing steps were adopted : First, sintered samples of P $b_2$S $r_2$( $Y_{1-x}$ C $a_{x}$)C $u_3$ $O_{8+}$$\delta$/ are oxygenated under 100% $O_2$, which leads to a large $\delta$(e.g., $\delta$=1.8). Second, the resulting samples are deoxygenated under 0.1~1.0% $O_2$in $N_2$, lowering $\delta$ to desired values. This two-step annealing procedure minimized the extent of oxidative decomposition. However, even with the two-step annealing procedure, the oxidative decomposition of P $b_2$S $r_2$( $Y_{1-x}$ C $a_{x}$)C $u_3$ $O_{8+}$$\delta$/ cannot be completely suppressed if $\delta$ is to be reduced to maximize $T_{c}$. Electrical resistivity data show that $T_{c}$(onset) is a function of hole concentration in the Cu $O_2$layer, and the optimum hole concentration for the maximum $T_{c}$ is achieved when $Ca^{2+}$is substituted for $Y^{3+}$between 0.5 and 0.6 A $T_{c}$(onset)=80K has been observed for one such sample, and this is the highest $T_{c}$(onset) yet reported for this compound.ed for this compound.nd.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.331-335
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• 2015

We prepared films by a bar-coating of various graphene oxide (GO) pastes by varying pH with amine compounds. The thermal treatment of films at $150^{\circ}C$ and measurement of surface resistances exhibited that the pH variation does not significantly affect the surface resistance. We, however, found that the addition of amines reduced the surface resistance by approximately 10 times and N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) showed the most significant effect among all amines investigated. XPS studies demonstrated that the addition of DMEA accelerated the reduction reaction of GO, and finally enhanced the electrical properties of GO films.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 2023

Herein we present a tested aqueous based redox flow battery (RFB) that employs phosphomolybdic acid and ferrocyanide as the negative and positive active species in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The different concentrations of NaOH solution, such as 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 M, were prepared for checking the electrochemical properties and stability. The NaOH concentration as a supporting electrolyte in the negative species appears to play an important role in the electrochemical properties of phosphomolybdic acid. Moreover, the optimum value of the concentration is necessary for the best performance. The resistance of the electrolyte decreased with increasing the concentration up to 1.5 M and then increased to 1.6 M. Hence, the decrease in electrolyte resistance appears to greatly influence the energy efficiency, which is improved by increasing the concentration of NaOH. In addition, the 1.5 M NaOH solution appears to be the concentration required for optimum performance.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 1998

Silicon nitride is hard and tough ceramic material. Hereby, mechanical machinability is very poor. It has also high electrical resistance. Silicon nitride of extremely high electrical resistivity becomes conductive ceramic composite by adding 30 wt% TiN. Ceramics with high electrical conductivity can be electrical discharge machined. Using by the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) technique. $Si_3N_4-TiN$ ceramic composite with high electrical conductivity is utilized to make metal working tool. These tool materials have severe wear problem as well as oxidation. Post HIP processing after sintering $Si_3N_4-TiN$ ceramic composites was performed. The tribological property of $Si_3N_4-TiN$ composite as a function of content of TiN was investigated in air, at room temperature. The hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength were compared with the wear volume. SEM observation of wear tracks can make an explanation of wear mode of $Si_3N_4-TiN$ composite.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2010

대형구조물의 구조안정성 진단, 로봇과 같은 지능기계의 제어, 환경오염을 감지하기 위한 센서의 중요성은 날로 증대되고 있다. 이러한 센서의 감도와 성능을 높이기 위해서 소형화, 다기능화, 집적화가 요구되고 있는데, 고성능 센서소자들의 집적화를 위해서 기존에 적용된 벌크형태의 재료들을 박막화하여 다층적층 및 소형화할 필요가 있다. 집적화 센서의 구현에 있어서 전극박막은 센서의 특성을 좌우하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 일반적으로 금속박막이 전극으로 사용되고 있으나 열적 불안정성 및 박리현상의 문제점을 지니고 있다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위해 전도성산화막을 전극으로 적용하고자하는 연구가 요구되고 있다. 전도성산화막을 전극으로 적용하면 센서소자의 성능이 개선되는 경향이 있다. $Sr_2FeMoO_6$(SFMO) 산화물은 자기장을 인가했을 때 저항이 감소하는 CMR(colossal magnetoresistance) 물질이며 상온비저항이 낮은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이중 페롭스카이트 (double perovskite) 구조를 갖는 $Sr_2FeMoO_6$ 박막은 센서소자의 전극으로 적용 가능할 것으로 생각되어 박막을 제조하고자 하였으며 미세구조와 전기전도 특성을 조사하였다. 박막제조를 위해서는 RF 스퍼터법을 사용하였다. 스퍼터를 위한 타겟은 고상반응법으로 분말타겟을 제조하였다. Ar/$O_2$ 가스 유랑변화, 압력변화, 기판 온도변화가 박막의 상형성 등 박막특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 기판으로는 $SiO_2$(100nm)/Si 기판을 사용하였다. 증착직후에는 비정질막이 얻어졌으며 SFMO 상을 만들기 위해서는 후열처리가 필요하였는데, 환원성 가스 분위기 [$H_2$(5%)/Ar] 에서 열처리 조건을 최적화하여 이중 페롭스카이트 구조의 단일상 박막을 제조할 수 있었다. SFMO 단일상 박막은 증착시에나 후열처리 시 산소의 억제가 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

The rheological properties of wheat flour and black rice flour dough were investigated in dough added with 0, 10, 20, and 30% of black rice flour (BRF). Increase in BRF concentration resulted in: decreases in protein and gluten contents, whereas ash content increased; decreases in water absorption, stability, development time, elasticity, and valorimeter value of the dough, whereas increase in weakness of the dough, as revealed through farinogram; low initial pasting temperature and temperature at peak viscosity, and decreases in viscosity at peak point and at $94^{\circ}C$, as revealed through amylogram; decreases in extensibility, resistance to extension, and energy, whereas increase in R/E ratio, as revealed through extensogram.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07c
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• pp.1637-1638
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• 2006

HVAC 시스템은 쾌적하고 깨끗한 운전환경을 만들어 줌으로써 운전자에게 향상된 안락성과 안전성을 제공한다. 이때 센서는 시시각각으로 변화하는 차실 내외의 환경변화에 대한 정보를 검출하여 HVAC 제어 유니트에 제공한다. 현재 HVAC 시스템에 사용되고 있는 후막 가스센서는 소자 크기와 소비전력이 크고, 제작공정이 까다로워 생산성이 낮은 단점이 있다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 최근에는 초소형화, 저소비전력, 대량생산에 의한 저가격화가 가능한 MEMS 가스센서의 연구개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 MEMS 구조체를 이용한 마이크로 가스센서를 설계 및 제작하였고, 감도특성을 고찰하였다. 가스 감지막은 금속산화물 페이스트를 스크린 프린팅 하는 종래의 방법 대신 MEMS 구조체에 적용 가능한 sol-gel 프로세스에 의해 형성하였다. 또 가스 감지전극과 micro-heater를 동일 평면상에 제작, 공정을 간소화하여 저가화를 시도하였다. MEMS 구조체 위에 제작된 Pt 박막 micro-heater의 인가전압에 따른 발열특성을 조사한 결과, 발열온도가 인가전압에 비례하는 이상적인 선형성을 나타내었으며, $300^{\circ}C$의 동작 온도에 도달하기 위해 65mW 이하의 저전력 동작이 가능하였다. 가스 센서의 감도특성 확인 실험은 CO 가스 10ppm, NO 가스 0.3ppm을 기준으로 수행되었으며, CO 및 NO에 대해 Rs(sensitivity, 가스반응저항/초기저항) 값은 각각 0.753 과 2.416로 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3587-3595
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• 2015

Low-carbon eco-friendly precast concrete (PC) box structure has been recently was developed as an low-cost infrastructure of near-surface transit system. The concrete of PC box was manufactured by industrial byproducts such as ground granulated blast furnace (GGBF) slag, flyash and rapid-cooling electric arc furnace (EAF) oxidizing slag, its mechanical property and durability were estimated in this study. Based on the mechanical and durability tests, it is found that low-carbon eco-friendly concrete shows high initial compressive strength, more than 90% of design strength (35MPa), and high resistance to salt-attack, chemical- attack and freeze-thaw. Therefore, low-carbon eco-friendly PC box concrete technology is expected to contribute to the railway with low environmental impact.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.1 s.27
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

This paper is one of the studies for developing new methodologies for improving performance of hot-mix recycled asphalt mixtures. The objective of this study is to evaluate rut-resistance characteristics of recycled asphalt mixture which was prepared by newly developed mixing method. The new mixing method provided more sufficient rejuvenation of old binder of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), making homogeneous binder viscosity level in a recycled mixture. Two aggregates (gneiss and granite), two RAP contents (15% and 30%) and two contents (none and 6%) of polymer modifier (LDPE) were used. Recycled mixture was prepared with two methods; method A and method F. To examine difference of binder oxidation level by type of material within a recycled mixture, Gel-permeation chromatography(GPC) analysis was performed on the binders mixed with coarse aggregates and matrix separately. Laboratory tests were performed for evaluation of rut resistance characteristics of each recycled mixture and these includes wheel tracking (WT) test and Kim test. Rut depth and dynamic stability were obtained from WT test and deformation strength $(S_D)$ was obtained from Kim test. The results of regression analysis was shown that correlation $(R^2)$ of F mixing mixtures was higher than one of A mixing mixtures. Therefore, F mixing mixtures showed more consistent rut resistance than h mixing mixtures.