• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.195-196
• /
• 2009

ITZO 박막과 $TIO_2$ 버퍼층은 각각 두 개의 캐소드를 사용한 마그네트론 2원동시 방전법과 산소 함량 2%를 사용한 반응성 sputtering 방법으로 각각 증착이 되었다. 모든 박막들은 상온에서 폴리머 기판인 PET에 증착되었다. $TiO_2$ 버퍼층을 도입함으로써 ITZO/$TiO_2$ 박막은 비정질 구조를 보여 주었고, 그것들의 비저항은 버퍼층의 두께가 증가할수록 감소함을 관찰하였다. 특히 기계적 특징은 $TiO_2$ 버퍼층을 5nm 증착하였을 경우에 bending test와 광학 현미경의 crack정도를 관찰함으로써 향상되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 투과율에 있어서 단일 ITZO 박막과 버퍼층을 5nm 도입한 박막은 가시광선에서 약 75%의 투과율을 가짐을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.42.1-42.1
• /
• 2011

박막형 디스플레이구서에 있어서 투명전극은 필수적이다. 투명전극은 정보를 표시하기 위해 빛을 외부로 방출시키거나 태양광 등을 소자 내부로 입사시켜야 한다. 또한 전극을 형성하는 박막은 높은 광투과율과 ${\sim}10-4{\Omega}cm$ 정도의 낮은 전기비저항을 가져야 한다. 가장 널리 사용되는 투명전극으로 ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)는 인듐의 독성, 저온증착의 어려움, 스퍼터링시 음이온 충격에 의한 막 손상으로 저항의 증가 및 액정디스플레이의 투명전극으로 사용될 경우 $400^{\circ}C$정도의 높은 온도와 수소플라즈마 분위기에서 장시간 노출시 열화로 인한 광학적 특성변화가 문제로 지적된다. 이러한 문제 해결의 대안으로 ZnO 산화물 반도체가 있는데 ITO 박막에 비해 비저항이 높기 때문에 도핑을 이용한 비저항을 ${\sim}10-4{\Omega}cm$ 정도로 낮추어야 한다. 투명전도막으로는 ITO, FTO 등과 더블어 체적 저항율은 다소 높으나 환원성 분위기에 대한 내성, 가시광 영역에서의 높은 광투과율과 저렴한 가격 등의 장점 등으로 AZO 박막이 주목 받고 있다. ZnO는 ITO 나 FTO에 비해서 700 kJ/mol의 큰 분해에너지를 가지므로 코팅 때 발생하는 전도도 및 투과율이 나빠지는 현상이 발생하지 않는 특징이 있으며, 위의 두 재료에 비해 밴드갭도 가장 낮아서 자외선 투과율이 낮다. 그러나 내습성이 약하기 때문에 이를 보완하기 위하여 내습성향상과 전도성 향상을 위해서 3족 원소인 B, In, Al, Ga 등을 도핑한 ZnO 투명전도막의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 원소들 중에서 Al로 도핑했을 때 가장 낮은 비저항을 얻을 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 SiOC 박막위에 AZO 박막을 제조하기 위하여 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 박막을 성장시켰으며, 박막의 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. AZO 박막은 rf power가 5~200 W인 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터 방법에 의해서 제작되었다. SiOC 박막은 산소와 DMDMOS 전구체의 유량비를 다르게 하여 플라즈마 발생 화학적 기상 증착방법으로 증착되었다. 증착된 SiOC박막은 UV visible spectroscopy에 의해서 분석하였다. 투명전극의 비저항은 rf 전력이 작을 수록 낮았으며, SiOC 절연막 위에 AZO를 증착시킨 후 반사률은 반대로 바뀌는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.867-873
• /
• 2010

This study investigated the corrosion properties of reinforced concrete with the addition of steel fibers. The transport properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete such as permeable void, absorption by capillary action, water permeability and chloride diffusion were first measured to evaluate the relationship with the corrosion of steel rebar. Test results showed a slight increase on the compressive strength with the addition of steel fibers as well as considerable improvement of penetration resistance to mass transport of harmful materials into concrete. The addition of steel fibers in reinforced concrete accelerated the initiation of steel corrosion contrary to the expected results based on the measured transport properties. The NaCl ponding surface showed the spalling failure due to the corrosion expansion of steel fibers and the cut-surface around the steel rebar showed the localized steel fiber's corrosion. The wet-dry cycling with high chloride ions as well as high temperature seems to induce the increase of salt crystallization on the pores continually and the increased pressure with the steel fiber's corrosion on the pores caused the spalling failure on the exposed surface. The microcracking on the surface therefore accelerated the movement of water, chloride ions and oxygen into the embedded steel rebar. The mechanism affecting corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement with steel fibers in this study are not yet fully understood and require further study comprising of accurate experimental design to isolate the effect of steel fiber's potential mechanism on the corrosion process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.112-112
• /
• 2017

광학적 전기적 특성이 우수한 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)는 대표적인 투명전극으로 사용되어지고 있다. 하지만 Brittle한 성질로 인해서 플렉서블한 디바이스에 적용하기에는 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 용액 공정으로 제조 단가가 비교적 저렴하며, 높은 투과도와 전기전도 특성을 가지는 투명전극으로 주목받고 있는 차세대 투명전극인 AgNW에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. AgNW는 나노와이어가 네트워크를 형성하고 있어 높은 전도성과 광 투과도를 가지지만 용액 제조시에 분산에 용이하기 위해서 흡습성의 고분자 물질로 둘러싸여 있기 때문에 환경 안정성이 좋지 않다는 단점이 있다. 또한 나노와이어 간의 높은 접촉저항으로 인해서 접촉저항을 감소시키기 위한 후처리 공정이 요구되어진다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 AgNW 전극에 플라즈마 처리를 통해서 나노와이어간의 접촉저항을 감소시켜 전기적특성이 약 12% 향상됨을 확인하였다. 고온, 고습 장시간 안정성테스트 결과, 기존 AgNW 전극에 비해서 플라즈마 처리와 보호막을 형성한 AgNW는 저항증가율이 3배 이상 감소하여 환경안정성이 향상된 것을 확인하였다. 이는 흡습성 고분자 물질이 플라즈마 처리에 의해 제거되었고 보호막을 형성하여 산소와의 반응을 감소시켰기 때문으로 판단된다. 플라즈마 처리와 보호막을 형성한 AgNW 전극을 적용하여 투명히터, Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal(PDLC)등 다양한 디바이스에 적용한다면 기존의 AgNW 전극보다 높은 효율을 기대할 수 있을 것이라 예상된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.699-706
• /
• 2018

The permeation properties of plasma polymer membranes were studied for permanent gases such as He, $H_2$, $O_2$, $N_2$, $CH_4$ and condensable vapors such as $CO_2$, $C_2H_4$, $C_3H_8$. The plasma polymers were prepared by the discharge of microwave or radiofrequency(RF) wave. Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) vapor was used as a monomer for plasma polymerization. In HMDS plasma-polymerized membranes prepared under microwave discharge, the permeability coefficient was dependent of the kinetic molecular diameter of the permeate gases. Additionally the membranes showed higher $O_2/N_2$ permselectivity compared to the plasma polymers from radiofrequency discharge. On the contrary, in the HMDS plasma-polymerized membranes prepared under radiofrequency discharge, the permeability coefficient was dependent of the critical temperature of the permeant gases. The membranes showed high selectivities of $C_2H_4$ and $C_3H_8$ over $N_2$. The permeability coefficient of plasma polymerized membranes prepared under microwave discharge was dependent of the molecular diameter of permeant gases because of high crosslinking density of the membrane. However, the crosslinking density of the plasma polymerized membranes prepared under RF discharge was lower because the energy density of RF wave is weaker than that of microwave. Hence, the permeability of RF plasma polymerized membranes became dependent of the critical temperature rather than molecular diameter of the gases.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.224-229
• /
• 2010

Indium oxide $(In_2O_3)$ thin films have been prepared on glass substrate by using radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering with changing the oxygen flow ratio. The substrate temperature was kept at a fixed value of $400^{\circ}C$, and the sputtering gas and reactive gas were supplied with argon and oxygen, respectively. The oxygen partial flow ratio was varied by controlling the amount of oxygen with respect to the total mixed gases, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The optical, electrical, and structural properties of the deposited thin films were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer, Hall measurement, and X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The $In_2O_3$ thin film deposited at 20% of oxygen flow ratio showed an average transmittance of 86% in the wavelength range of 430~1,100 nm, an electrical resistivity of $1.1{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}cm$. The results show that the transparent conducting films with optimum conditions can be achieved by controlling the oxygen flow ratio.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2019

In the modified atmosphere packaging of powdered infant formula, the oxygen inside the package may cause its quality deterioration and needs to be minimized for quality preservation. A way of oxygen scavenger inclusion in the single-serve package without contacting the product was devised for removing oxygen residing initially and permeating through the seal layer during the storage. A polyethylene/pulp multi-layer porous filter bag of 5 × 7 cm containing 13 g of powdered infant formula was packaged in an 8 × 9 cm size aluminium laminated film package with a Fe-based oxygen scavenger of 1.8 g. After nitrogen flushed packaging, the active packages were stored at 30℃ for 254 days with periodical quality measurement. The active package could remove the initial residual oxygen of 1.4% completely and maintain absence of oxygen for the whole storage, which contributed to reduced oxidation observed in lower product peroxide value compared to that of the product in the control package. There was no influence of packaging treatment on content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, reaction product of initial nonenzymatic browning. The devised oxygen-scavenging single-serve package showed a potential to improve the preservation of infant formula powder and extend the shelf life.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 1998

Transparent and conducting tin oxide films were prepared on Pyrex glass substrates by the remote plasma chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD). The main control variables of the RPCVD process included the deposition time, the flow rates of tetramethyltin, oxygen and argon, the radio-frequency power, and the substrate temperature. Dependence of the deposition rate, electric resistivity, optical transmittance and crystal structure on these parameters was systematically examined to prepare high qualities of tin oxide films and to better understand RPCVD process. The effect of those parameters on the properties of tin oxide films in complicatedly related on another. A tin oxide film parameters on the protimized deposition conditions exhibited deposition rate of 102 $\AA$/min, electric resistivity of $9.7\times 10^{-3}\Omega$cm and visible transmittance of ~80%.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.232-239
• /
• 2014

Poly(lactic acid)(PLA) nanocomposites containing various nanofillers were synthesized using the solution intercalation method. Organically modified bentonite clay (NSE), octadecylamine-graphene oxide (ODA-GO), and an NSE/ODA-GO complex were utilized as nanofillers in the fabrication of PLA hybrid films. PLA hybrid films with varying nanofiller contents in the range of 0-10 wt% were examined and compared in terms of their thermomechanical properties, morphologies, and oxygen permeabilities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that most of the NSE and ODA-GO nanofillers were dispersed homogeneously throughout the PLA matrix on the nanoscale, although some agglomerate NSE/ODA-GO complex particles were also formed. Among the three nanofillers for PLA hybrid films, the NSE/ODA-GO complex showed the best improvement in film thermal stability. In contrast, NSE and ODA-GO exhibited the best improvement in tensile mechanical properties and oxygen barrier properties of the PLA hybrid films, respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2019

We prepared hydrophobic silica particles by a sol-gel process from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), followed by coupling the reaction with octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) or hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) under various reaction conditions. We confirmed the extent of silica surface modification with organic compounds by SEM-EDS, thermogravimetry and elemental analysis. The silica particles obtained after the hydrolysis reaction of TEOS in ethanol at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and the coupling reaction with OTMS for 2 h at the same temperature displayed the optimum performance in terms of the dispersity in an organic solvent and the surface roughness of films composited with epoxy resins. The oxygen permeability of the composite film with modified-silica was 12% lower than that of using the film without modified-silica.