• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2013

본 연구는 산불피해 후 주민들의 시설물 안전성에 대한 인식을 분석하기 위하여 2013년 3월 9일부터 10일 이틀 동안 280ha의 산림 피해면적과 57동의 시설물 피해를 입은 울주산불지역과, 79ha의 산림피해와 111동의 시설물 피해를 입은 포항산불지역의 주민들을 대상으로 산불피해 후 시설물에 대한 안전성과 당시 격었던 심리상태를 알아보고자 울주 주민 60명, 포항 주민 60명 총 120명에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사항목은 일반현황, 산림 내 주요시설 및 주변 안전성 인식, 교육훈련에 대한 인식, 심리상태에 대해 4개의 항목으로 조사한바, 일반형황으로는 120명중 28명(23.3%)을 제외한 92(76.7%)명이 산불을 1~2회 이상 목격했으며, 24명(20%)이 산불 진화에 참여하였고, 41~60세가 66명(55%)으로 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 현재 거주하고 있는 건물은 콘크리트 가옥이 84명(70%)으로 가장 많았고, 현재 거주하고 있는 곳의 안전성에 대해서는 68명(56.7%)이 '안전하지 않다'고 인식하였다. 또한, 가옥주변 가연물질 관리 상태는 57명(47.5%)이 관리가 '잘 되어 있지 않다'고 인식하였다. 또한, 산불발생 대응 피난 및 교육훈련의 필요성에 대한 5점 척도 분석결과 4.2점으로 교육훈련이 필요하다고 인식하고 있었고, 필요한 교육훈련 과목으로는 산불피난대응훈련이 44명(36.7%)으로 가장 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 또한, 산불경험 후 심리적 불안에 대한 5점 척도 분석결과 4.0점으로 불안을 느끼고 있었고, 산불발생 후 느끼는 고통으로는 불면증, 불안감, 상실감, 혼란감, 신경과다 중 불안감이 89명(65.0%)으로 가장 높은 비율을 나타냈다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

In order to consider the prevention countermeasure to the occurrence of forest fires, analysing characteristic of the past forest fire data is needed. This research analyzed distribution and characteristics of forest fires damage over 30 ha based on statistics data of forest fires in Korea between 1975 and 2010. As a result, the number of forest fires damage over 30 ha as 23 was most occurred in 1978. Forest fires show an upward tendency from 1970 to 2000. Forest fires of 30 ha~50 ha damaged area was most occurred. Forest fire in Gangwon province was occurred as the number of total 66 (37.0 %). Gangwon province was superior in point density analysis. The number of forest fire occurrence over 30 ha was most high to 114 (63.0 %) in April and to 44 (24.3 %) in Sunday. The occurrence number of forest fire and damage caused by forest fire is increasing more and more since 1975, appropriate authorities can use effectively in devising policy for forest fire prevention from this result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2005

Recently, forest damage has occurred often and made big issues. Among them, the damage by forest fire is not only damage of itself but also being connected with secondary damage like a flood. This is the fact that a forest fire is caused rather artificially by people than nature. In this study, we try to investigate damage of a forest fire through spectral reflectance of a plant community surveyed using a near infrared CCD camera and a SPM (Spectral Radiometer) as advanced work to use satellite image data. That is, damage of a forest fire by the naked eye observation was divided into the No damage, the light damage, the serious damage and we estimated activity of forest and grasped revival possibility of forest. Through correlation analysis between the spectral reflectance by SPM and the near infrared CCD camera, we could get high correlation in the No damage and light damage. Therefore, when we surveyed damage of a forest fire, we could grasp damage, that is hardly observed by the naked eye by, using jointly the spectral radiometer and the near infrared CCD camera.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_2
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• pp.669-683
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• 2022

The frequency and damage of forest fires have tended to increase over the past 20 years. In order to effectively respond to forest fires, information on forest fire damage should be well managed. However, information on the extent of forest fire damage is not well managed. This study attempted to present a method that extracting information on the area of forest fire in real time and quasi-real-time using visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) images. VIIRS data observing the Korean Peninsula were obtained and visualized at the time of the East Coast forest fire in March 2022. VIIRS images were classified without supervision using iterative self-organizing data analysis (ISODATA) algorithm. The results were reclassified using the relationship between the burned area and the location of the flame to extract the extent of forest fire. The final results were compared with verification and comparison data. As a result of the comparison, in the case of large forest fires, it was found that classifying and extracting VIIRS images was more accurate than estimating them through forest fire occurrence data. This method can be used to create spatial data for forest fire management. Furthermore, if this research method is automated, it is expected that daily forest fire damage monitoring based on VIIRS will be possible.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.199-200
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• 2013

본 연구는 2013년 3월 9일부터 3월 10일 동안 79ha의 산림피해와 110동의 시설물 피해를 준 포항산불에 대하여 산림 내 시설물들의 산불피해 특성분석을 위하여 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사대상물은 전소피해를 입은 주택 10개소, 창고 1개소 등 총 11개소에 대하여 2013년 3월부터 5월까지 현지조사를 실시하였다. 조사항목은 시설물주변의 지형적 특성, 임상 및 이격거리, 수관화발생여부, 시설물의 재질 등 총 5개 항목에 대하여 피해특성을 분석하였으며, 전소지역의 피해 특성은 지형의 경우 골짜기막장형 지형, 주변임상은 침엽수, 임분밀도는 중임분, 산림과의 평균 이격거리는 3.1m, 산불의 종류는 수관화 발생지역 이었으며, 시설물의 재질은 슬레이트, 조립식 판넬인 것으로 조사되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.163-174
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• 2012

CBI(Composite Burn Index) developed by USDA Forest Service is a index to measure burn severity based on remote sensing. In Korea, the CBI has been used to investigate the burn severity of fire sites for the last few years. However, it has been an argument on that CBI is not adequate to capture unique characteristics of Korean forests, and there has been a demand to develop KCBI(Korean Composite Burn Index). In this regard, this study aimed to develop KCBI by adjusting the CBI and to validate its applicability by using remote sensing technique. Uljin and Youngduk, two large fire sites burned in 2011, were selected as study areas, and forty-four sampling plots were assigned in each study area for field survey. Burn severity(BS) of the study areas were estimated by analyzing NDVI from SPOT images taken one month later of the fires. Applicability of KCBI was validated with correlation analysis between KCBI index values and NDVI values and their confusion matrix. The result showed that KCBI index values and NDVI values were closely correlated in both Uljin (r = -0.54 and p<0.01) and Youngduk (r = -0.61 and p<0.01). Thus this result supported that proposed KCBI is adequate index to measure burn severity of fire sites in Korea. There was a number of limitations, such as the low correlation coefficients between BS and KCBI and skewed distribution of KCBI sampling plots toward High and Extreme classes. Despite of these limitations, the proposed KCBI showed high potentials for estimating burn severity of fire sites in Korea, and could be improved by considering the limitations in further studies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2023

The amount of damage and the area of damage to forest fires are increasing globally, and the effectiveness analysis of the restoration method after the damage is performed insufficient. This study calculated the area of forest fire damage was calculated using Sentinel-2B satellite images and stack map and the intensity of forest fire damage is analyzed according to the forest type. In addition, the vegetation index was calculated using various wavelength bands. Based on the results, the vegetation resilience by the restoration method was quantitatively. As results, areas with a high proportion of coniferous forests suffered high intensity forest fire damage, and areas with a relatively high ratio of mixed and broad-leaved forests tended to have low forest fire damage. Also, artificial forests showed a recovery of about 92.7% compared to before forest fires and natural forests showed a recovery of about 99.6% from the result of analyzing vegetation resilience in artificial and natural forests after forest fires. Accordingly, it was confirmed that natural forests after forest fire damage had superior vegetation resilience compared to artificial forests. It can be proposed that this study is meaningful in providing important information for efficiently restoring the affected target site and the selection criteria for trees to reduce forest fire damage through the evaluation of vegetation resilience by the intensity of forest fire damage and restoration methods.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.77-81
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• 2001

2000년 4월, 강원도 삼척일대에 크게 발생한 산불지역에 대해서 Landsat TM 인공위성 영상자료를 이용하여 산불의 피해지역을 조사분석하였다. 산불발생 전과 후의 2시기 위성영상을 이용하여 변화탐지 기법의 하나인 화상간차이법을 적용하였다. 분석결과 산불 발생지역의 탐지에는 NDVI를 유도하고 그 차이를 이용하는 것이 가장 탁월한 것으로 나타났다. 산불 피해지역을 구분하는 임계값을 표준편차$\times$0.9로 하였을 때, 현지조사 결과에 대한 전체정확도는 93.8%, 카파계수는 0.82로 매우 높았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6 s.134
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• pp.8-16
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• 2005

Fire-killed trees of Korean red pine are valuable resources for industrial uses. It is common only believed that fire-killed trees are too weak and brittle to use in construction purposes. The misunderstandings of fire-killed trees lead these valuable resources abandonment. The purposes of this research are focused on scrutinization of material properties of fire-killed trees to facilitate industrial uses of these resources. The sample logs were collected from the forest fire site of the eastern coast area in which the most catastrophic wild fire had taken place in 2000. Fire-killed Korean red pines were classified into 3 levels by the degree of fire damage so called light, medium and heavy, then their physical, mechanical and chemical properties were compared with sound trees. No significant difference in physical appearances were found in the cross sections by degree of damage compared to sound tree but bark char. Investigation on mechanical and chemical properties indicates that forest fire did not impact significantly in lowering the strength of damaged trees. It was concluded that there was any limitation of forest fire-killed trees of Korean red pine in industrial utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.84-92
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• 2008

Anatomical and physical characteristics of Pinus densiflora woods damaged by forest fire at Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do were investigated in present study. Even though the bark was severly carbonized, no trace of carbonization in the xylem was found. The amount of resin exudation was different by the degree of fire damage. Green moisture content of sapwood in the damaged wood was lower than that in the sound wood, but vice versa in the heartwood. Green density of heartwood in the damaged wood was higher than that in the sound wood, but there was no significant difference in sapwood. Cambial activities were found stopped in the severely damaged wood but were identified in the lightly damaged wood. In safranine staining process, epithelial and ray parenchyma cell walls in the damaged woods showed darker hue than those in the sound wood. Granular substances were observed in the lumina of ray parenchyma and epithelial cells of the severely damaged wood. Relative crystallinity of the outermost growth ring in the severely damaged wood was slightly higher than that in the sound wood.