• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2002.03b
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• pp.49-59
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• 2002

이 연구에서는 강원도 삼척시를 대상으로 산불취약지역 분석모델을 개발하고, 개발된 분석모델을 기반으로 산불취약지역을 표출하였으며, 이를 위한 전산프로그램을 개발하였다. 산불취약지역 공간분석자료로는 NGIS 사업을 통해 구축된 1/25천 축척의 수치지형도, 수치임상도 그리고 과거 산불발화위치자료를 사용하였다. 산불발화위치에 대한 공간적 분포특성(지형, 임상, 접근성)을 기반으로 모델을 설정하였으며, 공간분석은 간단하면서도 일반인들이 이해하기 쉬운 Conditional probability, Likelihood ratio 방법을 사용하였다. 그리고 각각의 모델에 대한 검증(cross validation)을 실시하였다. 모델 검증방법으로는 과거 산불발화위치자료를 발생시기에 따라 두 개의 그룹으로 나누어 하나는 예측을 위한 자료로 사용하고, 다른 하나는 검증을 위한 자료로 사용하였다. 모델별 예측성능은 prediction rate curve를 비교·분석하여 판단하였다. 삼척시를 대상으로 한 예측성능에서 Likelihood ratio 모델이 Conditional probability 모델보다 더 낳은 결과를 보였다. 산불취약지역 분석기술로 작성된 상세 산불취약지역지도와 현재 산림청에서 예보하고 있는 전국단위의 산불발생위험지수와 함께 상호보완적으로 사용한다면 산불취약지역에 대한 산불감시인력 및 감시시설의 효율적인 배치를 통하여 일선 시군 또는 읍면 산불예방업무의 효율성이 한층 더 증대될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

In order to decrease the area damaged by forest fires and to prevent the occurrence of forest fires, we are making an effort to improve prevention measures for forest fires. This study was conducted to forecast risk regions where forest fires occur based on the factors of forest type and topographic characteristics and predict hazard regions where forest fires is expanded to large-scale forest fire based on the forest type characteristics in Uiseong-Gun. The results of classification of forest fire risk and hazard regions using GIS indicate 4% of the total areas in Uiseong-Gun.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2011

도시의 확대와 산림의 개발을 통해 산불은 산지의 피해뿐만 아니라, 인접지에도 피해를 입히고 있다. 이는 일반적인 사례가 되어, 이에 대한 연구는 반드시 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 경상북도의 울진군, 봉화군, 경주시를 대상으로 산림에 인접한 시설물의 빈도와 거리를 분석하여, 산불 발생 시 대피 및 진화 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 조사 결과, 도시형으로 선정한 경주시가 전체 시설빈도가 가장 높았으며, 산악형으로 분류한 봉화군이 가장 빈도가 낮았다. 가옥의 빈도가 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었으며, 봉화군이 축사의 빈도가 특히 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 산림인접시설물의 산림과의 평균거리분석결과 산악형의 시설물의 평균 산림 인접 거리가 가장 가까우며, 도시형인 경주시의 인접거리가 가장 먼 것으로 조사되었다. 특히, 산악형(봉화 군)은 인접 시설의 산림과의 평균 거리가 100m이내인 것으로 조사되었으며, 산불 발생시 큰 피해가 예상되는 가옥, 의료/복지시설, 주유소, 축사 등 전 시설물의 산림인접 100m 이내 비율도 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서, 산불 발생 시 인접지의 피해가능성이 높은 산림 이격 거리를 100m 이내로 가정할 경우, 봉화군의 경우 산불발생 시 피해가 클 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 연구를 보다 확대하여 향후 산불 발생에 대비한 지역단위 진화와 대피교범과 기준 제작으로 발전시키며, 인접지역 시설물에 대한 산림 위험 시설에 대한 정책수립의 근거로 삼아야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.279-281
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• 2009

우리나라 산불은 대부분 인간에 의해서 발생한다고 알려져 있다. 하지만 그것이 반드시 기상요인을 받지 않는다고는 볼 수 없다. 연중 대부분의 산불이 봄철 건조한 시기에 일어나기 때문이다. 본 연구는 이처럼 산불 발생과 관련이 있는 기상인자 중 기온과 강수량, 습도를 중심으로 산불 발생과의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 몇몇 독립변수들을 통제하기 위해 지형 지리 인자들이 분석에 포함되었다. 시간을 두고 발생하는 이산형 사건 분석에 적합한 포아송 회귀분석을 실시하기 위해 산불 발생 지점의 점 자료를 래스터화하여 사용하였다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.250-259
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• 2006

This study looks into forest fire occurrence hazards according to the change of temperature and humidity over thirty years at interval of ten days. We used data from the forest fire inventory from 1995 to 2004 and weather data such as average temperature and relative humidity for 30 years from 1971 to 2000. These data were expressed as a database with ten-day intervals for 76 weather stations. Forest fire hazards occurred in the spring season from the end of March to the middle of April. For the first step, the primitive surface of temperature and humidity was interpolated by IDW (the standard interpolation method). These thematic maps have a 1 km by 1 km grid spacing resolution. Next, we executed a simple regression analysis after extracting forest fire frequency, temperature and humidity values from 76 weather stations. The results produced a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) ranging from 0.4 to 0.6. Moreover, the estimation of forest fire occurrence hazards during early April was very high at Gyeongbuk Interior, Chungcheong Interior and part of Gangwon. The range of temperature and humidity having an influence on forest fire occurrence was as follows: average temperature and relative humidity in early April was $9-12^{\circ}C$ and 61-65%. At the end of March, temperature was $6-10^{\circ}C$, humidity 62-67%, and temperature was $11-14^{\circ}C$ and humidity 60-67% in the middle of April.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 2023

Forest fires increase the risk of subsequent soil erosion and mass movement in burned areas, even under rainfall conditions below landslide alert thresholds, by destroying plants and vegetation and causing changes to soil properties. These effects of forest fires can alter runoff in burned areas by altering soil composition, component minerals, soil water repellency, soil mass stability, and soil fabric. Heat from forest fires not only burns shallow organic matter and plants but also spreads below the surface, affecting soil constituents including minerals. This study analyzed X-ray diffraction and physical properties of topsoil and subsoil obtained from both burned and non-burned areas to identify the composition and distribution of clay minerals in the soil. Small amounts of mullite, analcite, and hematite were identified in burned soils. Vermiculite and mixed-layer illite/vermiculite (I/V) were found in topsoil samples from burned areas but not in those from non-burned areas. These findings show changes in soil mineral composition caused by forest fires. Expansive clay minerals increase the volume of soil during rainfall, degrading the structural stability of slopes. Clay minerals generated in soil in burned areas are therefore likely to affect the long-term stability of slopes in mountainous areas.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2000

The forest fire covered with forest gets increasing year after year in Korea. Furthermore the scale becomes larger. A forest fire problem is extremely serious. In this situation this study discussed a forest fire prevention with scientific and systematic method. Various information was created using GIS for Mt. Uam, which is located in Uam, Cheongju city. The predictive model to enhance effective forest fire management was developed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

Forest fire in Korea has been controlled by local government, so that it is required to understand the characteristics of regional forest fire occurrences for the effective management. In this study, to analyze the patterns of regional forest fire occurrences, we divided South Korea into nine zones based on administrative boundaries and performed spatial statistical analysis using the location data of forest fire occurrences for 1991-2008. The spatial distributions of forest fire were analyzed by the variogram, and the risk of forest fire was predicted by kriging analysis. As a result, forest fires in metropolitan areas showed strong spatial correlations, while it was hard to find spatial correlations of forest fires in local areas without big city as Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do and Jeju island.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.150-162
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• 2011

For the period between 1991 and 2009, the annual average of 448 forest fires occurred in Korea. Above all, approximately 94% of the total fires frequently occurred during the spring and fall seasons. Therefore, we need to minimize the damage of forest fire and manage them systematically. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution patterns for the frequency of forest fire occurrences by each city and gun during dry season between 1990s and 2000s using GIS. Then we compared to analyze the frequency of forest fire occurrence by ten-day intervals in 2000s with that in 1990s. As a result of analysis, early April showed the highest frequency of forest fire occurrence in both 1990s and 2000s. Compared to the 1990s and 2000s, the regional change of forest fire showed the most frequent fire events around Chungcheong province. Especially extra 27 fires increased in Daejeon city, and the second most frequent fire had more than 10 fires in Jeolla province and Incheon. However, the number of fire frequency decreased by 12 fires at the end of April in Hongcheon-gun(the province of Gangwon). This is the largest drop over the study period. We consider that this paper will utilize usefully to establish regional counterplan for forest fire prevention by understanding regional forest fire patterns from seasonal change.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.8-21
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• 2011

This study surveyed historical records on outbreak and features of forest fires during Chosun Dynasty's 518 years in being and analyzed the Annals of the Chosun Dynasty; The Diaries of the Royal Secretariat, archives from Records of the Border Defense Council, The Compilation of Ministry Proposals, Posthumous Records of King Cholchong etc. Forest fires were most prevalent and extreme during King Hyunjong (14 cases) and King Sunjo (13 cases) due to strong wind, and the biggest-ever forest fire broke out in the fourth year of King Soonjo (1804) in the east coast of Korea in Kangwon province. The fire had resulted in 61 fatalities and 2,600 destroyed houses. Forest fire in the east coast of Korea, Kangwon province, in the $13^{th}$ year of King Hyeonjong (1672) is recorded to have caused the highest number of deaths, 65people. The most frequent cause of forest fires during Chosun Dynasty was unidentified (42 cases), followed by accidental fire (10 cases), arson or lightning (3 cases), fire during hunting (2 cases), play with fire by children, destruction of patty fields and dry fields by fire and house fire (1 case respectively). By region, 56 % of forest fires erupted in the east coast (39 cases) and this was followed by the west sea (9 cases), Seoul and central region (8 cases) and the southern part of Korea (7 cases). By season, spring was found to be most vulnerable to forest fire as it accounted for 73 % of the total amounting to 46 cases. Behind were summer (11 cases), winter (6 cases) and autumn (0 case). Specifically, most forest fire broke out on April and May, which is the same as today. Archives and literature indicate that the person who involved in forest fire by accidental as well as arson had to be punished by banishment, expulsion from government office and public hanging. Also, officials in charge of the region that suffered forest fire were subject to reprimand. In conclusion, risk and gravity of forest fires were evident during the Chosun Dynasty as specified in historical archives and share many similarities with today's forest fires in terms of the duration and regional patterns.