• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.389-393
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the biodegradation characteristics of the xylene by BTEX-degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas putida BJ10, isolated from oil-contaminated soil and bio-degradation pathway of the xylene. The removal efficiencies of o, m, p-xylene in mineral salts medium (MSM) by P. putida BJ10 were 94, 90 and 98%, respectively for 24 hours. It shows clear difference compared with the control groups which were below 3%. The removal efficiencies of BTEX by P. putida BJ10 in gasoline-contaminated soil were 66% for 9 days. They were clearly distinguished from the control groups (control and sterilized soil) which were 32 and 8%. 3-methylcatechol and o-toluic acid were detected after 6 and 24 hours during the o-xylene biodegradation pathway. Therefore, we confirmed o-toluic acid as the final metabolite. And intermediate-products were somewhat different with previously published studies of the transformation pathway from o-xylene to 3-methylcatechol.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.83-91
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• 2006

Reduction kinetics and the behaviour of intermediate of three high explosives (HMX, RDX, and TNT) were studies in batch reactors using nano- or micro- size zero valent iron(nZVI or mZVI) as reducing agent. The kinetic constants normalized by the mass of iron ($k_M$) or by the surface area ($k_{SA}$) were measured and compared along with the changes in the concentrations of intermediates. Results showed that $k_M$ and $k_{SA}$ values were not suitable to fully explain the behaviour of mother compounds and reduced intermediates in the batch reactor. The concentrations of initial explosives degradation products, such as nitroso-RDXs, nitroso-HMXs, and hydroxylamino-TNTs, were higher in mZVI treated reactor than in nZVI treated reactor, whereas more reduced polar intermediates such as TAT were accumulated in the nZVI reactor. Therefore, a new parameter, which accounted for the intermediates reduction, needs to be developed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.463-467
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• 1995

In vitro metabolism study of ${\alpha}$-endosulfan by liver and kidney microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system of the mouse(Balb/C) was performed. ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan was metabolized to endosulfan lactone(EL), endosulfan hydroxyether(EHE), endosulfan alcohol(EA), endosulfan sulfate(ES), endosulfan ether(EE) and ${\beta}$-endosulfan(${\beta}$-E). The main metabolites of ${\alpha}$-endosulfan were EL(13.2%) and EA(11.5%) in liver microsome and EA(17.4%) md EHE(19.3%) in kidney microsome. The $^{14}C$-activity of organic extractable fraction and water soluble fraction were 63.4% and 31.7% in liver micosome incubates respectively. The water soluble metabolites were EA(83.9%), EHE(4.5%) and ES(2.3). Piperonyl butoxide treatment inhibited the formation of EE by 86%, EA by 92% and EHE, EL and ES were barely formed.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

In this study, spent mushroom substrate (SMS), which consits of lignocellulosic material, was pretreated by hydrothermal method; the changes of biodegradability and methane production yield of pretreated SMS were determined according to formation of lignocellulosic biomass degrading byproducts formation during thermal pretreatment. Based on the results, all hydrothermal pretreatment temperatures showed improved solubilization performance for biomass, and the optimum pretreatment effect was observed at an pretreatment temperature of 150℃ with the highest methane production yield. However, the induced formation of furan derivatives (i.e., 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural) as byproducts during hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose at severe condition lowered biodegradability and methane yield when the hydrothermal pretreatment temperature was higher than 180℃. Thus, this study revealed that hydrothermal pretreatment could promote anaerobic digestion efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass and is of great importance for preventing byproducts formation through pretreatment condition control.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of the spent mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) substrates (SMS) in laying hens (Hy-Line Brown). The fresh spent mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) substrates collected from the Namkyung farm were fermented with Bacillus subtilis EJ3 for 2 weeks. A total of twenty-four laying hens were fed corn-soy based experimental diets containing 0% (T0), 5% (T1), 10% (T2) and 15%(T3) fermented SMS for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences among the treatments in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion and viability during the experimental period. Feed intake was significantly lowered in T0 (118.3 g) than T1 (121.9 g), T2 (120.3 g) and T3 (122.4 g). There were no significant differences among the treatments eggshell breaking strength, thickness and haugh unit, whereas the yolk color of T1, T2 and T3 were significantly heavy than T0. The palatability of boiled meat was significantly better in the T3 laying hens than in the T0 laying hens. In conclusion, fermented SMS can be used as resource of feed in laying hen feed at 5.0-15% level without effect on performance and egg qualify.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.488-494
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• 1993

The accumulation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine, chelerythrine, chelirubine and macarpine occurred in suspension cultures of Eschscholtzia californica. To increase alkaloid production, feeding experiments with the biosynthetic precursors, tyrosine, tyramine, L-dopa, dopamine with and without elicitation were studied. In feeding experiments with various precursors, the total alkaloid production was slightly increased. The precursor feeding with elicitation, however, increased total alkaloid production several times.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 산발효산물과 하수슬러지의 혼합소화를 위한 적정 혼합비를 도출을 위하여 음식물찌꺼기 고온 산발효산물과 하수슬러지의 생분해 특성과 적정혼합비를 도출하고자 수행한 결과 음식물찌꺼기 고온 산발효액과 하수슬러지를 혼합비별로 회분식 혼합소화 실험을 실시 한 결과 혼합비 1:1에서 385ml CH$_4$/g VS$_{added}$로 가장 높은 메탄발생량을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 음식물찌꺼기와 하수슬러지를 1:1로 동일하게 혼합하여 비교 소화실험을 실시했을 때 의 293m1 CH$_4$/g VS$_{added}$와 비교하여 상대적으로 높은 메 탄발생량을 나타내었다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.33 no.8 s.382
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• pp.116-120
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• 2001

1993년 UR협상타결 이후 닭고기 및 계란의 시장개방에 대비하여 1994닭경쟁력강화대책이래 1998 양계산물 유통개혁대책 시행으로 양계단지 및 닭계열화 등 시설의 자동화$\cdot$규모화로 사육기반시설은 확충되었으나, 양계산물 유통은 전근대적이고 제도의 미흡으로 인한 양계업 발전의 제약요인이 되고있고, 닭고기 수입자유화(1997.7.1)와 IMF사태 등의 어려운 시기를 거치면서 양계산물의 특성상 가격변동 주기가 짧고 질병이 빈번히 발생하는 등으로 인한 가격진폭이 커 수급과 가격이 불안정한 상태이다. 이에 농림부는 지난달 생산과 수급안정, 유통구조 개선을 위하여 닭고기$\cdot$계란의 등급제 도입을 통한 품질차별화와 신선육$\cdot$부분육 유통체계 구축으로 닭고기의 내수기반을 다지고 닭고기 수출을 확대함으로서 양계산업이 안정적으로 발전할 수 있도록 하는 양계산업발전대책을 발표하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.61-61
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• 1992

여러 점막 추출액증 Met-Enk의 효소적 분해는 매우 신속하였고 1차식에 따랐으며 점막측 추출액에서의 분해속도는 직장>눈>질>비강점막의 순이었다. 비강, 직장, 질점막의 점막측 및 장막측 추출액 간의 분해속도에는 유의성 있는 차이는 없었으나 눈점막의 경우 내피측 추출액에서의 분해속도 (1.03 $\times$ $10^{-3}$ $min^{-1}$)가 표피측 추출액에서보다 현저히 낮았다. 모든 추출액에서 검출된 주요 분해산물은 Tyr 및 Des-Tyr-Met-Enk로 천연 Met-Enk의 점막 추출액중 분해는 주로 aminopeptidase류가 관여되고 있음을 알았으며 Tyr-Gly, Tyr-Gly-Gly등의 분해산물이 소량 출현함으로 보아 endopeptidase류도 분해에 다소 관여하고 있음을 알았다. YAGFM은 Met-Enk보다 분해가 현저히 지연되었으며 그 분해속도도 직장>질>비점막의 순이었다. 이러한 분해는 분해산물로 Tyr이 검출되지 않은점으로 보아 YAGFM의 점막 추출액중 분해는 주로 endopeptidase류가 주로 관여되는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.5 s.92
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• pp.515-521
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• 2006

아플라톡신(aflatoxin)은 곰팡이의 2차 대사산물이며 인간발암원으로 보건상 위해를 준다. 쌀은 아플라톡신을 생성하는 곰팡이인 Aspergillus flavus와 A. parasitidcus에 좋은 기질이다. 이 연구에서는 쌀과 쌀제품 및 쌀부산물에서 전세계적으로 나타나고 있는 아플라톡신 오염 정도와 오염 수준에 대하여 고찰하였다. 아플라톡신 오염 정도와 오염 수준은 시료의 유형과 시료채취 지역에 따라 다르게 나타나는 것으로 보인다. 쌀과 쌀제품 2,511 시료 중 36.6%에서, 그리고 쌀부산물 374 시료 중 57.8%에서 아플라톡신이 검출되었다. 이들 시료에서 aflatoxin $B_{1}$ 및 total aflatoxin오염도는 $0-185{\mu}g/kg$였다. 일부 백미 시료에서는 $20{\mu}g/kg$을 초과하는 시료가 있었다. 쌀의 아플라톡신 관련 위생관리지표를 고안할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 쌀의 아플라톡신 오염에 대한 모니터링이 필요하다. 또 쌀과 쌀제품 생산의 모든 단계와 저장에서 아플라톡신 관리를 위한 통합적 접근법이 필요하다. 가축을 아플라톡신으로부터 보호하는 전략은 인간집단을 보호할 수 있는 효과적인 접근법이 될 수 있다.