• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.737-744
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• 2004

In this study, to evaluate the effect of forest vegetation on the long-term water balance in a watershed, semi-distributed and physically based parameter model, SWAT was applied to the Bocheong watershed, and the variation of hydrological components such as evapotranspiration, surface flow, lateral flow, base flow, and total runoff was investigated with coniferous and deciduous forests, respectively. First, SWAT model was modified to simulate the actual plant growth pattern of coniferous trees which have the uniform value of leaf area index all the seasons of the year. The modified model was applied to the watershed that is assumed to have only one land cover in the whole watershed, and the variation of the water balance components was investigated for each land cover. It was found that coniferous forest affected the increase in evapotranspiration and decrease in runoff more than deciduous forest. However, the age and the density of stand, the location, and soil characteristics and meteorological conditions including the tree species should be also considered to examine the effect more quantitatively and to reduce the uncertainties in simulated output from the hydrological model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2021

The change in vegetation structure along elevational gradients on the southeastern part of Mt. Hallasan was studied. Vegetation data were collected with 59 quadrates located from 16 to 1,565 m with 100 m intervals. Community types were classified using cluster analysis, and species composition and diversity were analyzed along elevational gradients. The vegetation was classified into seven, namely, type 1 Quercus serrata community, type 2 Carpinus tschonoskii community, type 3 Carpinus laxiflora community, type 4 Pinus densiflora community, type 5 Abies koreana community, type 6 Castanopsis sieboldii community, and type 7 Quercus acuta community. The species with a high importance value in tree layer in each elevational zone were C. sieboldii and Q. acuta at 100-600 m; C. laxiflora, Q. serrata, and C. tschonoskii at 700-800 m; P. densiflora at 1,100-1,200 m; and Abies koreana at 1,500-1,600 m. The species diversity indicated higher value at 700-800 m, 1,200-1,300 m and 1,400-1,500 m than at the other elevation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.121-134
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• 2019

This study was conducted to review the trends of forest meteorological studies based on the publications for last 20 years in Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (KJAFM), and to provide insight for future prospect for researches in the field of forest meteorology. A total of 220 papers related to forest meteorology were published in KJAFM for the last 20 years. That corresponds to 33.5% out of all the papers including agricultural meteorology papers. To review the trends of forest meteorology studies, the 220 published papers were classified into seven categories. They are forest meteorology and forest fire, forest meteorology and tree physiology, forest meteorology and forest protection, micrometeorology in mountain area, climate and forest growth, climate and forest vegetation distribution, and climate change and forest ecosystem. Even if there were differences in paper numbers among the seven categories, it was found that various and very specific studies were conducted in the field of forest meteorology for the last 20 years. It was also expected that the accumulation and utilization of various and accurate forest meteorological information would bring remarkable progress of forest meteorological studies in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.70-82
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• 2016

We investigated the vegetation structure in Cultural Heritage Site of Odaesan National Park using 52 quadrats for each type of land use to figure out some characteristics of plant biotope. As we classified vegetation communities, they are six groups of communities. distinguished species in two of them are Taraxacum officinal, Erigeron annuus and Poa pratensis which are common in urban areas. Distinguished species in one of them are Potentilla fragarioides var. major which is common in outskirt of forest. And Distinguished species in another 3 communities are Sasa borealis and Quercus mongolica which are common in forest. Using TWINSPAN and DCA, we are able to classify the six communities into 3 types biotope (temple-biotope, slope-biotope, forest-biotope) in Cultural Heritage Site. The dominant species of urban-biotope are Poa pratensis, Artemisia prinseps and that of slope-biotope is Tripterygium regelii. Also the dominant species of forest-biotope are Quercus mongolica, Abies holophylla and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. We could see more species in slope-biotope than another biotope types. Moreover, in urban-biotope types, we could find many of naturalized plant species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.855-862
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to analyze vegetation types and stand structures of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in Kangwon southern region for stable and sustainable forest management. The pine forests in study sites were classified into 4 communities, 2 groups, so total 6 vegetation units. Species with high constance degree were Quercus mongolica, Rhus trichocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Quercus serrata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Aster scaber and Fraxinus sieboldiana. In the importance value(I.V.) analysis of each layer, P. densiflora showed highly in tree layer while in other layers competitive broad-leaved species such as Quercus spp. were high. P. densiflora also showed large size of DBH, while broad-leaved species distributed middle and small DBH. The annual ring growths of P. densiflora and competitive broadleaved species were variable according to area, site condition, tree year and species, it is considered that appropriate silvicultual practice methods should be employed to remove rival broad-leaved species for maintenance of sustainable red pine forests considering the characteristics of each stand.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2016

This study examined the flora and community classification in the Forest Genetic Resources Reserves (FGRR) at Mt. Daeseng and Juparyeong to understand the degree of disturbance and the state of forest stand development within the Civilian Control Line (CCL) and to provide baseline data for preservation and management. Of the vascular plants dispersed throughout the study site, there were 98 families, 311 genera, 507 species, 6 subspecies, 65 varieties, and 10 forms, for a total of 588 taxa. Of these, 92 families, 290 genera, 459 species, 6 subspecies, 58 varieties, and 9 forms, for a total of 532 taxa of native plants, were determined to be dispersed around the FGRR at Mt. Daeseng, and 94 families, 259 genera, 364 species, 6 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 8 forms, for a total of 428 taxa of native plants, were confirmed to be dispersed around the FGRR at Juparyeong. There were 21 taxa of endemic Korean plants growing in the FGRR at Mt. Daeseng, with 14 taxa growing in the FGRR at Juparyeong. In terms of rare plants, 26 taxa were confirmed in the FGRR at Mt. Daeseng, and 10 taxa were confirmed in the FGRR at Juparyeong. A Cluster analysis was performed using vegetation data taken from 58 sample plots in each FGRR. The results showed a total of three representative community classifications from Mt. Daeseng: mixed mesophytic forest, Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum, and Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla communities. Four representative community classifications were observed from Juparyeong: Quercus mongolica-broad leaved forest, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-broad leaved forest, Quercus mongolica, and Quercus communities. On the whole, the species diversity of the communities in Mt. Daeseng FGRR was greater than for the communities in Juparyeong FGRR. At Mt. Daeseng, the mixed mesophytic forest had the highest species diversity index at 1.590, while at Juparyeong, the Fraxinus rhynchophylla-broad leaved forest had the highest species diversity index at 1.319. These study results should serve as useful baseline data for future preservation and management of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and the surrounding area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 2012

This study was to estimate the biomass of Mt. Changbai mountain area using the IKONOS imagery and field survey data. Then, we prepared the regression function using the vegetation index derived from the IKONOS and biomass estimated from field measured data of previous studies, respectively. The five vegetation index which used in the regression model was SAVI, NDVI, SR, ARVI, and EVI. As a result, the rank of the R-square from coefficient of correlation was as follow, SAVI(0.84), NDVI(0.73), SR(0.59), ARVI(0.0036), EVI(0.0026). Finally, we estimated the biomass of non-measured area using the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). This study can be used as reference methodology for the estimation of carbon sinks of primary forest.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.203-211
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• 2015

Forest vegetation of Hwangjangsan (1,077.3 m) in Woraksan National Park is classified into mountain forest vegetation. Mountain forest vegetation is subdivided into deciduous broad-leaved forest, mountain valley forest, coniferous forest, riparian forest, afforestation and other vegetation. Including 55 communities of mountain forest vegetation and 4 communities of other vegetation, the total of 59 communities were researched; mountain forest vegetation classified by physiognomy classification are 28 communities deciduous broad-leaved forest, 12 communities of mountain valley forest, 3 communities of coniferous forests, 2 communities of riparian forest, 10 afforestation and 4 other vegetation. As for the distribution rate for surveyed main communities, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis communities account for 65.928 percent of deciduous broad leaved forest, Fraxinus rhynchophylla - Quercus mongolica community takes up 41.459 percent of mountain valley forest, Pinus densiflora community holds 86.100 percent of mountain coniferous forest holds. In conclusion, minority species consisting of Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Quercus serrata are distributed as dominant species of the uppermost part in a forest vegetation region in Woraksan National Park. In addition, because of vegetation succession and climate factors, numerous colonies formed by the two species are expected to be replaced by Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla which are climax species in the area.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2015

Forest vegetation of Geumsusan (1,016.0 m) and Doraksan (964.4 m) in Woraksan National Park is classified into mountain forest vegetation. Mountain forest vegetation is subdivided into deciduous broad-leaved forest, mountain valley forest, coniferous forest, riparian forest, afforestation and other vegetation. Including 77 communities of mountain forest vegetation and 5 communities of other vegetation, the total of 82 communities were researched; mountain forest vegetation classified by physiognomy classification are 37 communities deciduous broad-leaved forest, 16 communities of mountain valley forest, 8 communities of coniferous forests, 1 community of riparian forest, 15 afforestation and 5 other vegetation. As for the distribution rate for surveyed main communities, Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica communities account for 33.031 percent of deciduous broadleaved forest, Cornus controversa community takes up 29.142 percent of mountain valley forest, Pinus densiflora community holds 64.477 percent of mountain coniferous forest holds. In conclusion, minority species consisting of Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Cornus controversa are distributed as dominant species of the uppermost part in a forest vegetation region in Woraksan National Park. In addition, because of vegetation succession and climate factors, numerous colonies formed by the two species are expected to be replaced by Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Cornus controversa and Fraxinus mandshurica which are climax species in the area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 1998

Ten plots were established to study the vegetation structure of the Songinbong virgin forest in Ullungdo. It was classified into three communities Fagus crenata var. multinervis commnunity, Acer okamotoanum-Fagus crenata var. multinervis community, and Acer okamotoanum community. Shannon's diversity indicies of this area were not high(0.5150~0.8437), due to the geographical and vegetational characteristics. Considering the community structure(importance value, distribution of DBH class, and so on), the vegetation of the Songinbong virgin forest are thought to be stable continuously. With the analysis of plant growth type, it was presumed that Acer okamotoanum have increased after artificial disturbances in this area where Fagus crenata var. multinervis had been dominanat.