Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Vegetation Structure and Distribution characteristics of Forest Community along Elevation on Mt. Hallasan

제주도 남동사면의 산림식생구조와 해발고별 산림군집 및 개체군 분포 특성

  • Lee, Jeong Eun (Department of Forest Science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Yun, Chung Weon (Department of Forest Science, Kongju National University)
  • 이정은 (국립공주대학교 산림과학과) ;
  • 윤충원 (국립공주대학교 산림과학과)
  • Received : 2021.02.23
  • Accepted : 2021.05.28
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The change in vegetation structure along elevational gradients on the southeastern part of Mt. Hallasan was studied. Vegetation data were collected with 59 quadrates located from 16 to 1,565 m with 100 m intervals. Community types were classified using cluster analysis, and species composition and diversity were analyzed along elevational gradients. The vegetation was classified into seven, namely, type 1 Quercus serrata community, type 2 Carpinus tschonoskii community, type 3 Carpinus laxiflora community, type 4 Pinus densiflora community, type 5 Abies koreana community, type 6 Castanopsis sieboldii community, and type 7 Quercus acuta community. The species with a high importance value in tree layer in each elevational zone were C. sieboldii and Q. acuta at 100-600 m; C. laxiflora, Q. serrata, and C. tschonoskii at 700-800 m; P. densiflora at 1,100-1,200 m; and Abies koreana at 1,500-1,600 m. The species diversity indicated higher value at 700-800 m, 1,200-1,300 m and 1,400-1,500 m than at the other elevation.

본 연구는 한라산 남동사면을 대상으로 해발에 따라 변화하는 산림식생구조 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 해발 16 m부터 1,565 m까지 100 m 간격으로 총 59개의 조사구에서 식생조사를 수행하고, 클러스터 분석으로 군집유형을 분류하였으며, 해발고별 수종 구성과 종다양도를 분석하였다. 군집유형은 유형1 졸참나무군집(Quercus serrata community), 유형2 개서어나무군집(Carpinus tschonoskii community), 유형3 서어나무군집(Carpinus laxiflora community), 유형4 소나무군집(Pinus densiflora community), 유형5 구상나무군집(Abies koreana community), 유형6 구실잣밤나무군집(Castanopsis sieboldii community), 유형7 붉가시나무(Quercus acuta community)로 분류되었다. 해발고별 교목층의 중요치 분석 결과 100-600 m 까지는 구실잣밤나무와 붉가시나무, 700-800 m에서 서어나무, 졸참나무, 개서어나무, 1,100-1,200 m에서 소나무, 1,500-1,600 m 구간에서 구상나무의 중요치가 각각 높게 나타났다. 종다양도의 경우 해발 700-800 m, 1,200-1,300 m, 1,400-1,500 m에서 종다양도가 높아지는 경향이 나타났으며 이는 생태계의 추이대 영향으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 공주대학교의 "2020년 공주대학교 학술연구 지원사업"에 의하여 수행되었습니다.

References

  1. An, J.H., Park, H.J., Lee, S.R., Seo, I.S., Nam, G.H. and Kim, J.H. 2019. Analysis of environmental factors and change of vascular plant species along an elevational gradients in Baekdansa, Mt. Taebaeksan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 33(4): 378-401. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.4.378
  2. Barnes, B.V., Zak, D.R., Denton S.R. and Spurr, S.H. 1998. Forest ecology. 4th Ed. John Wiley & Sins. New York, U.S.A. pp. 762.
  3. Braun-Blaunquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie grundzuge der vegetation der vegetation(3rd Ed.). Springer-Verlag. New York, U.S.A.. pp. 865.
  4. Brower, J.E. and Zar, J.H. 1977. Field and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology. Wm. C. Brown Company. Dubuque, U.S.A. pp. 194.
  5. Cheon, K.I., Joo, S.H., Sung, J.H., Chun, J.H. and Lee, Y.G. 2014. Understory vegetation structure by altitude and azimuth slope and indicator species analysis in Mt. Gyebang. Journal of Korean Society 103(2): 165-174. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2014.103.2.165
  6. Choi, B.K. 2013. Syntaxonomy and syngeography of warmtemperate evergreen broad-leaved forests in Korea. (Dissertation). Daegu. Keimyung University.
  7. Choi, B.K., Huh, M.K. and Kim, S.Y. 2015. Syntaxonomical and synecological research of forest vegetation on Mt. Byeokbang. Journal of Life Science 25(6): 646-655. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.6.646
  8. Choi, G.Y. 2011. Variability of temperature lapse rate with height and aspect over Halla mountain. Joural of Climate Research 6(3): 171-186.
  9. Choi, G.Y. 2013. Spatial patterns of seasonal extreme precipitation events in Mt. Halla. Joural of Climate Research 8(4): 267-280. https://doi.org/10.14383/cri.2013.8.4.267
  10. Chung, S.H. and Kim, J.H. 2013. The classification of forest cover types by consecutive application of multivariate statistical analysis in the natural forest of western Mt. Jiri. Journal of Korean Forest Society 102(3): 407-414.
  11. Curtis, J.T. and R.P. McIntosh. 1951. An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32(3): 476-496. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931725
  12. Daubenmire, R. 1966. Vegetation: Identification of typical communities. Science 151(3708): 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.151.3708.291
  13. Dufrene, M. and Legendre, P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs 67(3): 345-36. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0345:SAAIST]2.0.CO;2
  14. Dufrene, M. and Legendre, P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Society of America 67(3): 345-366.
  15. Ellenberg, H. 1956. Aufgaben und methoden der vegetation-skunde. E. Ulmer. Stuttgart, Germany. pp. 136.
  16. Hallasan National Park. 2019. Facilities introduction. http://www.jeju.go.kr/hallasan/intro/info.htm. (2019. 10.15)
  17. Jeju Natural Environment Ecology Information System, 2001. www.jejunature.com. (2019. 10.15)
  18. Jeon, C.H., Won, H.K., Kim, H.S. and Cho, Y.J. 2016. The vegetation structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jeju experimental forest, Korea. The Journal of Korean Island 28(1): 221-238.
  19. Katagiri, S. and Tsutsumi, T. 1978. The relationship between site condition and circulation of nutrients in forest ecosystem (V). The difference in nutrient circulation between stands located on upper and lower part of slope. Japanese Journal of Forest Society 60(6): 195-202.
  20. Kim, C.Y., Lee, J.S., Oh, K.I., Jang, S.K. and Park, J.H. 2000. Community ecological study on the Quercus acuta forests in Bogildo-Island. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 89(5): 618-629.
  21. Kim, E.S., Lee, J.S., Park, G.E. and Lim, J,H. 2019. Change of subalpine coniferous forest area over the last 20 years. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 108(1): 10-20. https://doi.org/10.14578/JKFS.2019.108.1.10
  22. Kim, H.J., Shin, J.K., Lee, C.H. and Yun, C.W. 2018. Phytosociological community type classification and stand structure in the forest vegetation of Hongdo Island, Jeollanam-do province. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 107(3): 245-257. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2018.107.3.245
  23. Kim, J.K., Koh, J.G., Yim, H.T. and Kim, D.S. 2019. Changes of spatial distribution of korean red pine forest in Hallasan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 33(5): 578-586. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.5.578
  24. Kim, J.W. 2006. Vegetation ecology. 2rd Ed. World science. Seoul, Korea. pp. 340.
  25. Kim, J.W. and Lee, Y.K. 2006. Classification and assessment of plant communities. World science. Seoul, Korea. pp. 240.
  26. Kim, M.H., Shin, H.K. and Han, G.J. 1982. Phytosociological studies on forest vegetation in Jeju Island: 1. National forest of Pinus densoflora S et Z. Journal of Jeju National University 14: 129-138.
  27. Kim, S.D. and Park, I.H. 2019. Growth and fruiting characteristics and No. of acorns/tree allometric equations of Quercus acuta Thunb. in Wando Island, Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 33(4): 440-446. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.4.440
  28. Kim, Y.H. and Kim, J.W. 2017. Distributional uniqueness of deciduous Oaks (Quercus L.) in the Korean Peninsula. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 20(2): 37-59. https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2017.20.2.37
  29. Kong, W.S. 2002. Species Composition and distribution of Korean alpine plants. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society 37(4): 357-370.
  30. Korea Forest Research Institute. 2009. Sustainable forest management of warm-temperate forests. Korea Forest Research Institute. Seoul, Korea. pp. 18.
  31. Korea Forest Service. 2010a. Korea plant names index committee. http://www.nature.go.kr/kpni. (2019. 09.15)
  32. Korea Forest Service. 2010b. Korea biodiversity information system. http://www.nature.go.kr.
  33. Korea Meteorological Administration. 2019. http://www.weather.go.kr. (2019. 09.15)
  34. Lee, D.G., Kim, Y.S. and Shin, H.T. 2011. Environmental and ecological characteristics of Ilex crenata var. microphylla Max. subpopulations habitats in the east-west slopes in Mt. Halla National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 25(4): 562-572.
  35. Lee, J.H., So, S.K., Suh, G.U., Kim, M.Y. and Song, H.K. 2010. Vegetation and soil properties of warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in Hongdo, Korea Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 24(1): 54-61.
  36. Lee, J.Y., Myeong, H.H., Lee, S.M., Kim, H.S. and Oh, J.G. 2015. A study on the current distribution of vegetation of Gageodo, Jeollanamdo. Journal of Korean Island 27(1): 195-210.
  37. Lee, K.J., Han, S.S., Kim, J.H. and Kim, E.S. 1996. Forest ecology. Hyangmunsa. Seoul, Korea. pp. 395.
  38. Lee, S.C., Choi, S.H., Kang, H.M. and Cho, H.S. 2010. The change and structure of altitudinal vegetation on the east side of Hallasan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 24(1): 26-36.
  39. Lee, S.H., Han, B.H., Kim, J.Y. and Yoo, S.Y. 2014. A study on vegetation structure of Daphniphyllum macropodum of Yeong-sil and Seong-panak in Hallasan (Mt.) National Park, Jeju-do. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 28(2): 197-204. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.2.197
  40. Lee, T.B. 2003. Coloured flora of Korea. Hyangmunsa. Seoul, Korea. pp. 999.
  41. McCune, B. and J.B. Grace. 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design. Gleneden Beach. Oregon, U.S.A. pp. 300.
  42. Moon, H.S. 2001. Studies on the forest vegetation structure in subalpine zone of Mt. Deokyu National Park. Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences 35: 47-54.
  43. Odum, E.P. 1983. Basic ecology. Saunders College. Philadelphia, U.S.A. pp. 613.
  44. Oh, K.K. 1994. Plant Community structure of evergreen broadleaved forest in Mt. Turyunsan, Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 8(1): 43-57.
  45. Oh, K.K. and Jee, Y.K. 2000. Plant community structure by aspect and altitude at eastern district in Chirisan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 14(1): 67-79.
  46. Oh, K.K. and Kim, Y.S. 1996. Restoration model of evergreen broad-leaved forests in warm temperate region(1) -vegetational Structure-. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 10(1): 87-102.
  47. Oh, K.K., Koh, J.G. and Kim, T.H. 2007. Altitudinal distribution of plant communities at Donnaeko valley in the Mt. Hallasan. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 21(2): 141-148.
  48. Park, H.C., Lee, H.Y., Lee, N.Y., Lee, H. and Song, J.Y. 2019. Survey on the distribution of evergreen conifers in the major national park - a case study on Seoraksan, Odaesan, Taebaeksan, Sobaeksan, Deogyusan, Jirisan National Park -. Journal of National Park Research 10(2): 224-231.
  49. Park, I.H., Choi, Y.H., Lee, S.M., Choi, Y.C. and Ryu, S.B. 2002. Forest structure in relation to slope aspect and altitude in valley forests at Hambaeksan area. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 15(4): 361-368.
  50. Park, J.C., Choi, K.J. and Song, S.H. 2014. Prediction of regional drought considering aspect and elevation in Jeju Island under future climate change. Journal of Environmental Science International 23(4): 649-660. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2014.4.649
  51. Park, J.W., Moon, M.J. and Kim, K.S. 2014. Analysis of relationship between water quality parameters with land use in Yeongsan river basin. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 23(1): 19-27. https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2014.23.1.19
  52. Park, S.G., Yi, M.H., Yoon, J.W. and Sin, H.T. 2012. Environmental factors and growth properties of Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino community and effect its distribution on the development of lower vegetation in Jirisan National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 26(1): 82-90.
  53. Rubio, A., Gavilan, R.G., Montes, F., Gutierrez-Giron, A., Diaz-Pines, E. and Mezquida, E.T. 2011. Biodiversity measures applied to stand-level management: can they really be useful?. Ecological Indicators 11(2): 545-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.07.011
  54. Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press. Illinois, U.S.A. pp. 125.
  55. Sin, H.G. 1981. Ecological studies on Pinus densiflora S.et Z. communities in Mt.Halla Korea. (Dissertation). Jeju-do. Jeju National University.
  56. Son, Y.H., Koo, C.D., Kim, C.S., Park, P.S., Yun, C.W. and Lee, K.H. 2016. Forest ecology. Hyangmunsa. Seoul, Korea. pp. 346.
  57. Song, J.H. 2014. A study on characteristics of vegetation structure of the deciduous broad-leaved forest in Gyorae Gotjawal on Jeju Island, Korea. (Dissertation). Seoul. University of Seoul.
  58. Song, J.H., Han, S.H., Lee, S.H. and Yun, C.W. 2019. Changes for stand structure of Abies koreana forest at the Yeongsil area of Mt. Hallasan for six years (from 2011 to 2017). Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 108(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.14578/JKFS.2019.108.1.1
  59. Song, J.H., Kwon, J.O. and Yun, C.W. 2019. Forest vegetation structure in maruguem (the Ridge Line) area of Dakmokryeong to Daetjae, the Baekdudaegan. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 33(1): 28-51. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.1.28
  60. Song, J.M., Kim, Y.J., Sun, B.Y. and Kim, C.H. 2013. Vegetation structure of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. habitat area at A valley of southern slope in Mt. Halla, Jeju Island. Korean Journal of Plant Resources 26(5): 589-596. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2013.26.5.589
  61. Song, K.M., Kang, Y.J. and Hyeon, H.J. 2014. Vegetation structure at the slope direction and characteristic of seedlings of Abies koreana in Hallasan Mountain. Journal of Environmental Science International 23(1): 39-46. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2014.23.1.39
  62. Song, K.M., Kim, C.S., Moon, M.O. and Kim, M.H. 2012. A Change and distribution in Pinus densiflora forest of Mt. Hallasan. Journal of Environmental Science International 21(1): 41-47. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2012.21.1.41
  63. Song, K.M., Kim, C.S., Koh, J.G., Kang, C.H. and Kim, M.H. 2010. Vegetation structure and distributional characteristics of Abies koreana forests in Mt Halla. Journal of the Environmental Sciences 19(4): 415-425. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2010.19.4.415
  64. Walter, H., Harnickell, E. and Muller-Dombois, D. 1975. Climate-diagram maps of the individual continents and the ecological climatic regions of the earth. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany. pp. 36.
  65. Webster, G.L. 1961. The altitudinal limits of vascular plants. Ecology 42(3): 587-590. https://doi.org/10.2307/1932249
  66. Yeo, U.S. 2005. Natural regeneration patterns and strategies of Quercus acuta in Wando, Korea. (Dissertation). Seoul. Seoul National University.
  67. Yim, K.B. 1985. Principles of silviculture. Hyangmunsa. Seoul, Korea. pp. 491.
  68. Yoon, S., Hyun, W.H. and Jung, C.Y. 2005. Geology of Hallasan (Mt. Halla), Jeju Island. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 41(4): 481-497.
  69. Yun, C.W. 2016. Field guide to trees and shrubs. Geobook. Seoul, Korea. pp. 703.
  70. Yun, J.H., Hukasa, T., Kim, M.H. and Yoshikawa, M. 2011. The comparative studies on the distribution and species composition of forest community in Korea and Japan around the East sea. Journal of Environment and Ecology 25(3): 327-357.