• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 1998

From 1993 to 1996, 1,500 cases of foodborne disease was reported annually in Korea. Salmonellosis were 55.1% of the reported bacterial fordborne disease cases. However, in general, it is estimated that the reported incidence of salmonellosis represents less than the real incidence. This study showed that salmonellosis estimates 177,000 cases (about 150 times of reported cases) costing 5.9 billion won in Korea. Only medical costs and productivity losses were included in the estimate of costs of the 177,000 cases estimated to occur in 1996. This estimates were considerably difference to U.S.A. in cases and costs, but not significantly difference in cases/population (%), expense/GDP (%). Understanding the social economic costs of foodborne disease will be endorsed risk assessment as a necessary method for evaluation and improving food safety regulatory programs in Korea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2021

Foodborne outbreaks frequently occur worldwide and result in huge economic losses. It is the therefore important to estimate the costs associated with foodborne diseases to minimize the economic damage. At the same time, it is difficult to accurately estimate the economic loss from foodborne disease due to a wide variety of cost components. In Korea, there are a limited number of analytical studies attempting to estimate such costs. In this study we investigated the components of economic cost used in foreign countries to better estimate the cost of foodborne disease in Korea. Seven recent studies investigated the cost components used to estimate the cost of foodborne disease in humans. This study categorized the economic loss into four types of cost: direct costs, indirect costs, food business costs, and government administration costs. The healthcare costs most often included were medical (outpatient) and hospital costs (inpatient). However, these cost components should be selected according to the systems and budgets of medical services by country. For non-healthcare costs, several other studies considered transportation costs to the hospital as an exception to the cost of inpatient care. So, further discussion is needed on whether to consider inpatient care costs. Among the indirect costs, premature mortality, lost productivity, lost leisure time, and lost quality of life/pain, grief and suffering costs were considered, but the opportunity costs for hospital visits were not considered in any of the above studies. As with healthcare costs, government administration costs should also be considered appropriate cost components due to the difference in government budget systems, for example. Our findings will provide fundamental information for economic analysis associated with foodborne diseases to improve food safety policy in Korea.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.111-128
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• 1996

본 연구는 대기오염물질인 이산화질소와 인체의 호흡기질환과의 반응도를 실증분석하고, 이 반응도를 이용해 이산화질소의 대기오염으로 인한 사회적 비용을 계산하는 것이다. 사람들이 대기오염에 노출되었을 때 발생하는 질환의 피해를 측정하기 위하여 손실함수(damage function)를 설정하고, 이를 회귀분석기법(regression technique)을 이용해 추정한 결과 이산화질소는 호흡기질환에 상당히 유의적인 영향을 미쳤고, 1994년 한해 동안 배출된 이산화질소량이 발생시킨 사회적 비용은 약 8조 2천 억원이었다.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.950-956
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 현재 급속히 확산되고 있는 온라인 뱅킹의 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위한 것으로, 기존 연구를 바탕으로 서비스 품질과 비용이라는 온라인 뱅킹 서비스 관점, 이용자의 태도의 관점(유용성, 용이성, 사용자 특성), 그리고 사회적 영향의 관점을 변인으로 추출하였다. 한편 성숙기에 접어든 인터넷 뱅킹 서비스와 도입기에 있는 모바일 뱅킹 서비스를 비교하기 위해 온라인 뱅킹 서비스 유형이라는 조절변수를 사용하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 유용성과 용이성, 개인사용자 특성, 사회적 영향, 서비스 품질, 비용의 모든 요인 이 온라인 뱅킹 서비스의 수용에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 사회적 영향과 비용 은 인터넷 뱅킹과 모바일 뱅킹 서비스간에 영향 정도가 다른 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.1024-1029
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• 2002

우리나라 국민은 그간 건전한 레저활동의 비활성화로 인해 고스톱 등의 도박에 노출될 기회가 않았다. 또한 2000년에는 강원랜드 카지노가 출범하였으며, 월드컵복권 등의 각종 복권산업도 활성화되고 있다. 이는 현재 우리나라의 도박 산업이 새로운 전기를 맞고 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 향후 도박인구의 증가와 도박의 생활 근접성을 예측할 수 있다. 그러나 도박 산업은 그로부터 발생하는 수입과 동시에 각종 사회적 폐해가 공존하고 있다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 따라서 도박산업의 건전한 발전을 위해서는 이로 인해 사회적인 편익과 비용을 분석할 필요가 있으며 또한 이를 근거로 피해를 감소할 수 있는 효과적인 방법을 연구해야 한다. 그러나 도박으로 인한 비용과 혜택의 추정은 발생요인의 다양성과 추상성 때문에 정확한 집계가 없었으며, 따라서 본 연구에서는 이렇게 다양하고 추상적인 도박 산업의 사회적 비용과 혜택을 계량화하기 위한 방법론을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1245-1254
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• 2008

Proposing a method for the estimation of the social cost for global warming impact (external cost) is the aim of this paper. Both the endpoint approach and conjoint analysis were applied to estimating the social cost for global warming. The endpoint approach was used to assess the damage on the safeguard subjects by global warming due to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The conjoint analysis was used to estimate the economic values for safeguard subjects which measure the social preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) on safeguard subjects. The economic values of human health and social asset were estimated at 62,261,700 Won / DALY (yr) and 10,000 Won / 10,000 Won, respectively. Moreover, cost factors of GHGs were calculated by multiplying the damage factor which is quantified the unit damage on safeguard subject and the economic value. In the case of CO$_2$, the cost factor was calculated at 13.52 Won / kg (13,520 Won / ton). External cost of products or services can be calculated by multiplying the GHG inventory result of products or services by the cost factor of each GHG. inventory.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1043-1061
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate cost side by type of long term care services economically, and then to discuss the findings and implications for the results of analysis. For this research, primary caregivers that provide care the elderly requiring long term care services sanctioned by National Health Insurance Corporation were drawn and surveyed. Among collected data, data for 422 primary caregivers were used for this study. The subjects used in this study consisted of family caregivers from various settings that give care to the elderly. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, caregiver's household income level is low. Therefore, caregiving families with the elderly are likely to have financial difficulties. Second, under coverage of long term care insurance system, the direct cost caregiving households pay for the elderly is still very high. Third, indirect cost of caregiving households accounted for the larger proportion caregiving costs. Fourth, social cost burden for caregiving the elderly is very high. This cost amount is appropriately equal to household income of caregivers surveyed in the research. Fifth, service use cost of caregiving households is differentiated by type of long term care service. Sixth, direct cost of caregiving households is statistically significantly differentiated by type of long term care service, but is differentiated less than service use cost. Seventh, social indirect cost for caregiving the elderly is statistically significantly differentiated by type of long term care service. Eighth, social cost amounts for the elderly utilizing long term care service is very high, total social cost per capita by types of long term care service tend to converge on average social cost per capita of total service.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.299-326
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• 2010

This study examines the costs and benefits of Korean Self-Support Program of the National Basic Livelihood Security Act. A cost-benefit analysis is used to evaluate the efficiency of the Self-Support program. According to the analysis, the program has net value for society as a whole as well as for the average participant although the result is sensitive to the assumption of forgone earnings. The results of an alternative perspective also show that the increased exit rates (and employment rates) of participants will increase the benefits of the program substantially.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2019

Air pollutants have a high impact on everyday life as well as on human health; therefore, new technologies such as low-emission vehicles and add-on systems for air pollutant reduction are needed for our society. However, the environmental benefits and costs of those technologies are not taken into account in existing economic feasibility assessments, which is a barrier that needs to be overcome for green technology to achieve wide dissemination and fast penetration in the market. Thus, this study develops a methodology to assess the economic feasibility of an air pollutant reduction technology by taking into account the social costs from air pollutants and carries out a case study to validate the methodology. Because the social unit costs for air pollutants have not been evaluated yet in South Korea, the methodology uses the social unit costs evaluated for the European Union that are then converted to those for South Korea based on the measuring criteria for vehicle emission gases, parity purchasing price, foreign currency exchange rate, and customer price index. The social unit costs for South Korea are used to assess economic feasibility. A case study was performed to assess the economic feasibility of a dual fuel system using diesel and compressed natural gas by taking into account social costs from air pollutants as well as economic costs. This study could contribute to assessing the true economic feasibility of green technology, projects, and policy related with air pollutant reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Before urban railway vehicles reach their design life-span, operating agencies should determine when to buy new vehicles. Previous LCC (Life Cycle Cost) studies were limited because they independently focused on existing vehicles based on costs that directly impacted only the operating agency without considering effects such as social costs and the reduction of maintenance costs. Thus, it is difficult to systematically determine when to buy new vehicles. This study investigated the operating and maintenance related costs, especially from additional expenses and social costs due to unexpected vehicle failures and safety accidents, and did an economic analysis of scenarios with different discount rates. Considering that the public is very concerned about safety after the Sewol ferry accident, additional costs, which include social costs, should be included in the analysis. This study shows that the economic priority of scenarios may change depending on whether those costs are included and on the discount rate. The results of this study can help in the decision-making process for the planning and buying of new trains.