• Title/Summary/Keyword: 사회 불평등

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The Effects of Active Labor Market Policy on Unemployment (적극적노동시장정책이 실업에 미치는 영향)

  • Chai, Goo-Mook
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.63 no.3
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    • pp.187-211
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    • 2011
  • This study examines the effects of active labor market policy on unemployment by pooled cross-section time series analysis utilizing panel data of 18 OECD countries, and seeks implications for improvements of the Korean active labor market policy. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, active labor market policy negatively affects unemployment rates. Second, vacational training program among three major active labor market programs has a negative effect on unemployment rates. Third, employment service program and employment subsidy program have partially negative effects on unemployment rates. The implications for the Korean active labor market policy are as follows. First, it is necessary to expand and systematize active labor market policies. Second, vocational training programs should be systematized and professionalized according to labor demand. Third, employment subsidy programs need to be planned and carried out under the condition of minimizing a substitution effect, a displacement effect and a deadweight loss effect. Fourth, employment service programs need to be developed and carried out under the consideration of not only the reduction of unemployment rates but also the prevention of re-unemployment, mitigation of income inequality and improvement of productivity.

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Evaluating the Reform in 2015 and the New Reform Plan of the Government Employees Pension Scheme (2015년 공무원연금 개혁의 평가와 향후 개편방향)

  • Lee, Yong Ha;Kim, Won Sub
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.827-845
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    • 2015
  • This study evaluates and suggests a new reform plan that overcomes the limitations of the Government Employees Pension Scheme (GEPS) reforms in 2015. Research results indicate that the reforms were insufficient in terms of financial sustainability, functional transparency, and equity. Debates on the GEPS reforms will continue until an equitable solution is found. The priority of the next reform plans should lie in the unification of public pension schemes. In contrast to previous reform proposals, this study suggests a reforms plan, which should result in not the parametric change but the structural change in GEPS. The distinctive point of the new reform plan lies in translating a single-tire into a multi-tire pension system. Accordingly, the new GEPS should consist of a 'National Pension Scheme (NPS)', occupational pension (additional pension), and retirement allowance. Newly appointed government employee officials should be enrolled in the NPS. This study stresses that inequality between the public pension systems will be alleviated and a pension system of social solidarity will be established when the NPS develops in to a basic old age income security system for all citizens including civil servants.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Pregnancy Outcome and Infant Mortality: Extremely Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Korea, 1995-2010 (극소 및 초극소 저체중출생아 출생과 사망의 사회적 불평등)

  • Park, Hye-Jeong;Son, Mia
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.277-284
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    • 2015
  • Background: This study investigates the relationship of socioeconomic status with adverse birth outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth) and the relationship of socioeconomic status with infant mortality, using the birth cohort in Korea, 1995-2010. Methods: 8,648,035 births from National Statistics Offics, 1995-2010 were studied with respect to social variation in adverse birth outcomes and infant mortality in Korea. The effect of social inequality was examined against adverse birth outcomes and infant mortality using multivariate logistic regression after controlling for other covariates. Results: Social inequality were observed in adverse birth outcomes: low birth weight (LBW, 1,500-2,499 g), very LBW (1,000-1,499 g), and extremely LBW (500-999 g) as well as moderately preterm birth (PTB, 33-36 weeks), very PTB (28-32 weeks), extremely PTB (22-27 weeks), and infant mortality. The effect of social inequality was higher among moderately LBW (1,500-2,499 g) and PTB (33-36 weeks) than very or extremely LBW and PTB. Conclusion: The social inequality in adverse birth outcomes (low birth weight and preterm) and infant mortality existed and increased in Korea from 1995 to 2010. The effect of maternal education on adverse birth outcomes as well as infant mortality was apparent in the study results. Especially, social inequailiy in infant mortality was greater among the sub-normal births (low birth weight [1,500-2,499 g] or preterm birth [33-36 weeks]), which suggests, social interventions should aim at more among the subnormal births. This study suggest that tackling inequality in births as well as infant mortality should be focused on the social inequality itself.

Socioeconomic Mortality Inequalities in Korea Labor & Income Panel Study (사회경제적 사망률 불평등 : 한국노동패널 조사의 추적 결과)

  • Khang Young-Ho;Lee Sang-Il;Lee Moo-Song;Jo Min-Woo
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2004
  • This study is to examine relationships of several socioeconomic position indicators with mortality risk in a nationwide longitudinal study of South Korea. The Korea Labor & Income Panel Study, conducted on a probability sample of urban South Korean households by Korea Labor Institute, contains date of death information for the decedents which were used to estimate relative risks of mortality and their $95\%$ confidence intervals (CI) with Cox regression analysis. A total of 125 men and women among 8,415 subjects died between 1998 and 2002. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality were observed after adjustment for sex and age. Those with less than 12-year education had 1.90 times $(95\%\;CI=1.25-2.91)$ greater mortality risk than those with 12-year education or more. Greater mortality risks were also found among those with low occupational class and manual occupation. The magnitude of differentials in mortality risks between occupational class were similar in two different approaches to measuring women's occupational class: (1) approach 1 where women, married or not, retain their own occupational class, and (2) approach 2 where married women are assigned their husbands' occupational class. Relative risks of dying among those with low household Income were 1.62 $(95\%\; CI=1.08-2.42)$ compared with the counterparts. Those who reported economic hardship at the time of survey in 1998 had greater risk of mortality $(RR=1.83,\;95\%\;CI=1.21-2.78)$ than those who did not. In conclusion, increased social discourse and policy discussions about these health inequalities are needed in Korean society. Future studies should explore the causes and mechanisms of socioeconomic mortality inequalities.

A Study on the Librarians' Perception of Public Library about the Response to the COVID-19 (코로나19 대응조치에 관한 공공도서관 사서인식 조사연구)

  • Noh, Younghee;Chang, Rosa
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.203-220
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    • 2020
  • With the COVID-19 pandemic being prolonged, the society is being converted into an untact society, thereby affecting the service methodology of domestic and foreign library systems. This study thus surveyed the librarians' awareness of COVID-19 response measures of public libraries, and proposed public libraries' response measures in situations where the novel infectious disease is spreading and prolonging. Specifically, the proposed measures include, first, preparing national-centered library countermeasures to jointly respond to the epidemic disease, second, strengthening various untact and online services of various public libraries through government-level budget support, third, a thorough prevention of epidemics and preemptive response from the viewpoint of employees and users, and fourth, the expansion of library services aimed at resolving the digital cultural divide among classes of people, including information unfairness.

Risk Factors for the Prevalence of Periodontal Diseases among Adult Workers (성인 근로자의 치주질환 유병 관련 위험요인)

  • Hong, Min-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.3706-3713
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    • 2014
  • This study examined the demographic and oral behavioral risk factors for periodontal disease in adult workers. The research subjects and method were conducted targeting 1,650 Korean adult workers aged 20-64 utilizing the data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3). As a result of this study, the periodontal tissue patients showed the risk factors for gender, age, income level, educational level, systemic disease, sleep hours, oral health level, biting trouble, and chewing difficulty. In terms of the greatest influence, the workers with problems with biting and chewing had a more than 3.5 times higher likelihood of being affected by periodontal disease. The findings of this study show that there are a variety of risk factors for periodontal diseases in Korean workers. To reduce the prevalence rate of periodontal disease, regular checkups including dental checkups and sufficient sleeping will be necessary, and the level of stress should be decreased. In addition, the government should take the required measures to remove the socioeconomic inequality, such as income gap or educational divide.

Factors Affecting Medical Service Utilization of Disabled (장애인의 의료이용에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • Hwang, Hong-Gu;Jung, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.219-225
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    • 2017
  • This article examined the condition of medical service utilization and the usage degree for the disabled in Korea, and analyzed factors affecting medical service utilization. This paper offers data for improving the health of disabled Korea residents and for enhancing medical service utilization. We analyzed data for disabled residents aged 19 from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results found significant effects depending on gender, age, average monthly income, types of disorders, disability rating, and status of smoking. Concerning gender, men had a higher probability of lacking medical treatment compared with women, had increased probability of having a disability, and smokers had a higher probability of lacking treatment compared with nonsmokers. Therefore, for resolving medically untreated disabled Korean residents, government needs to improve the policy system and to managethe inequality of handicapped welfare work.

A Review on Socioeconomic Position Indicators in Health Inequality Research (건강 불평등 연구에서 사회경제적 위치 지표의 개념과 활용)

  • Choi, Yong-Jun;Jeong, Baek-Geun;Cho, Sung-Il;JungChoi, Kyung-Hee;Jang, Soong-Nang;Kang, Min-Ah;Khang, Young-Ho
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.475-486
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    • 2007
  • Objectives : Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to the socioeconomic factors that influence which position an individual or group of people will hold within the structure of a society. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of various indicators of SEP, including education level, occupation-based SEP, income and wealth, area SEP, life-course SEP, and SEP indicators for women, elderly and youth. Methods and results : This report provides a brief theoretical background and discusses the measurement, interpretation issues, advantages and limitations associated with the use of each SEP indicator. We also describe some problems that arise when selecting SEP indicators and highlight the indicators that appear to be appropriate for health inequality research. Some practical information for use in health inequality research in South Korea is also presented. Conclusions : Investigation into the associations between various SEP indicators and health outcomes can provide a more complete understanding of mechanisms between SEP and health. The relationship between specific SEP indicators and specific health outcomes can vary by country due to the differences in the historical, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts of the SEP indicators.

Transition from Millenium Development Goals(MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) : Its Opportunities and Limits (새천년개발목표(MDGs)에서 지속가능개발목표(SDGs)로의 이행: 그 기회와 한계)

  • Kwon, Sangcheol;Park, Kyonghwan
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.62-88
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    • 2017
  • Global polarization at different scales has been more intensified than ever before. So, more complicated geographies are associated with global poverty and inequality, and their subsequent problems such as famine, disease, environmental degradation, and asylum seekers. These problems are apparently confined to specific countries and regions. However, they are a consequence of historical-geographic (post)colonial interconnectedness. In this sense, since the early 1960s, international development cooperation has significantly contributed to resolve or alleviate them. Especially, in 2015, the Millenium Development Goals(MDGs) project is finished and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) are newly set up as a global project to end human poverty. It is assumed that donor's IDC to accomplish SDGs will be more complicatedly implemented because SDGs contain more expanded and diversified forms of project targets than before. They are both possibilities and limits in the sense of development geography.

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Study on Analyzing differences between Rural and Urban regions in operating Digital Multi-media Center at Public Libraries for Dissolving Digital Divide (정보격차 해소를 위한 공공도서관 디지털자료실의 지역간 차이분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Keun-Hyung;Kim, Bong-Soeg;Lee, Dong-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.11 no.9
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    • pp.1619-1625
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    • 2007
  • Many various digital contents came out to our world owing to the advance of information and communication technologies. More rapidly the technologies of information and communication develop, more classes disadvantaged might appear so that it might incur society with distinction in getting information which is called digital divide. In this time, public library has to play important rules in dissolving the digital divide of our society. In this paper, we will not investigate only how much users of digital multimedia centers in the public library satisfy, but also what factors affect the satisfaction of the users significantly. Specially, we will analyze difference of the influence factors between urban and rural region so that we will propose strategy for operating the digital multimedia centers in the public library efficiently and effectively in order to dissolve the digital divide.