• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2020

The study aims to measure and analysis the spatial equity of Medical welfare facilities for older persons and services, and, based on this, to seek the plan to secure the fairness. To this end, the research was carried out by converging the studies of geography and regional development for the equity of social welfare studies and space arrangement on types and functions of Medical welfare facilities for older persons. The main results of the study showed that, first, in case of the spatial arrangement(desire-to-service), Medical welfare facilities for older persons are located in all areas of cities(Si) and counties(Gun) but mostly existing in cities. Second, in case of the equity of regional distribution of Medical welfare facilities for older persons, it can say the equity in Gun is higher than Si, comparing the regions of Si and Gun. Third, in case of spatial equity of sanatorium for older persons, the spatial equity of care facilities for older persons showed statistical difference depending on the time required to reach the facility, but no difference on distance. This study made various suggestions based on the results of the above research, and suggested the necessity of convergence studies grafting technologies such as AI and the Internet of Things.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.1 s.94
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• pp.7-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the transportation, equity and efficiency impacts of cordon pricing schemes in the Seoul Capital Region of Korea. Autos would be required to pay a toll of 2.000 Won each time they enter cordons around the CBD or the subcenters during morning peak periods. The imposition of the toll would produce a substantial decrease in traffic volumes within the cordons as well as throughout the Capital Region. The lower the income level of commuters is, the more the share of auto decreases and that of transit increases. For equity impacts, the welfare of commuters would increase or decrease according to the cordon pricing schemes but would produce progressive impacts irrespective of the schemes. However, the commuters who have the highest value of time would experience welfare gains and it would result in regressive impacts. The schemes would result in a substantial net social welfare gain for the efficiency impacts. When the toll is charged at the CBD cordon only, the net social welfare would increase more.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.29-44
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• 2003

A balanced evaluation system for a bus route network was proposed for a mid-sized suburban city. The evaluation system consists of 7 criteria-accessibility, riding comfort. transfer rate, directness of route, productivity of operation, regional equity, and minimum requirement of bus fleet - and quantitative indicators representing each of the criteria. The proposed system was applied in Siheung, a suburban city in Seoul Metropolitan Area. Four alternative scenarios of bus route network including the existing one were evaluated. The results showed that the suggested criteria and indicators are acceptable for the evaluation of a bus route network. In order to enhance the proposed evaluation procedure, further studies on the normalization of produced values and weights for each of the indicators are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

In terms of environmental justice, urban parks play a pivotal role in imperative amenities allowing for physical activity. The reasonable distribution of urban park services must be considered in terms of community demand and the context of the park. The purpose of this study is to analyze the inequity of qualitative park service according to the socioeconomic status(SES) in Daegu. The qualitative service was assessed for 82 neighborhood and walking-distance parks by utilizing the NGST(Neighborhood Green Space Tool). The inequity was analyzed by SES variables(ratio of basic living recipients, ratio of single-parent families, average housing sales, dilapidated dwelling ratio, and park area per capita). The features of the qualitative equity in Daegu is as follows. First, urban park planning in Daegu is in parallel with the development of residential areas rather than the local policy. The development pattern of parks stretching from center of the city to outskirts clearly dissociates the city based on socioeconomic status. The parks in the center are relatively old and poorly managed. Second, overall neighborhood parks lacked recreational facilities. The facilities are significantly influenced by the housing values around them. The lower the recreation facility score, the higher the floor gradient of the urban parks constraining physical activities. Third, the quantitative supply of parks has nothing to do with the quality of the urban parks. Green space distribution is highly dependent on natural park areas, so the park area per capita cannot be a standard for assessing qualitative equity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.508-521
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• 2006

The results of environmental equity analysis vary dramatically depending on different methods used. The information and data available to the researcher are also often uncertain and imprecise in empirical studies. A sensitivity analysis approach was used too handle uncertainties and methodological inconsistencies in environmental equity analysis. This paper explores the sensitivity of environmental equity analysis to two spatial measures such as proximity and scale. Two experiments were implemented to evaluate the effects of two spatial measures on the environmental equity analysis using a combination of control and experimental factors. Fulton County, Georgia was selected as a case study area for these experiments. Two major data sets including demographic characteristics and toxic release inventory (TRI) database for the study area in 1990 were integrated into a GIS environment. Two statistical analyses such as independent samples t-test and coefficient of variation were performed to determine the environmental equity in the study area and to compare the relative variability in the socioeconomic characteristics of populations over different spatial measures. The findings from two experiments indicate that the outcomes of environmental equity analysis are slightly sensitive to the buffer distance used to determine the impact zones of TRI facilities, but not to the geographic scale used in the analysis. The findings also suggest that the consequences of these choices can alter spatially and statistically the results in environmental equity analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.317-331
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• 2015

A major barrier to the spread and vitalization of renewable energy lies in its economic infeasibility. And yet, there is a disparity in estimating the economic feasibility between supply and demand sides. Taking this into account, we calculate an appropriate level of mini-solar panel subsidies provided by the Seoul metropolitan government. More pointedly, this research investigates the receptivity and social equity of the subsidy program based on the analysis of the program's financial feasibility. The results show that the subsidies can have anticipated effects for the heavy electricity consumption group but not for the low electricity consumption group. Specifically, estimated pay-back periods for groups of 401kWh ~ 500kWh (per month) users, 201 kWh ~ 400kWh users and 101kWh ~ 200kWh were approximately 5years, 8 ~ 9 years and 12 years, respectively. This implies that differential scales of the subsidies can better contribute to reducing regressive difference between the groups and meeting the goal of social equity in regards to energy justice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.76-89
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• 2014

The functions of urban park including health related benefit and climate adaptation and mitigation are expanding. However, in-depth research and discourse on the equitable distribution of expanded park function has been limited so far. Following research suggests Green Welfare concept to reflect distributive equity and multifunctionality in the process of urban park policy development and execution. This study developed park welfare indices to analyze disparities of neighborhood urban park(NUP) distribution viewed from green welfare by literature review. The findings analyzed through the Correlation Analysis and Cluster Analysis by SPSS 18.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, green welfare is defined as "to receive equitable benefits and participate in the delivery process of green services which are promoting health and securing safety from climate change risks for every citizen by life cycle regardless of socioeconomic status". Second, NUP per person in Seoul indicate meaningful differences by socioeconomic and environmental status of Seoul administrative districts. Park welfare indices correlated to NUP per person were shown population density(negative), percentage of individuals $aged{\geq}65$(positive), percentage of self-reliance of local finance(positive), flood and air pollution vulnerability by climate change(negative). Third, the cluster analysis identifies three significant clusters that indicate differences of park welfare level. Thus, it was found that NUP in Seoul from a green welfare perspective was provided disproportionately. Future urban park policy in Seoul was required equitable distribution of multifunctionality of park beyond quantitative expansion, and priority consideration should be given to park service consumer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.599-602
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• 2004

오늘날의 대부분 의료기관이 성취해야 할 가장 중요한 과제는 의료 관리비용의 절감과 의료 서비스품질의 향상이다. 최근 병원의 대형화 및 병원간의 경쟁 과다로 인하여 환자에 대한 서비스는 호전되었지만, 병원 자체 인력에 대한 효율적 배분 및 인력 운용에 있어서의 형평성 문제는 아직까지 해결되지 못한 부분이 많다. 특히 모든 일을 경제 원리로 풀려고 하는 사회적 풍토 및 현대화, 대형화에 따른 병원 재정의 압박은 병원 운용 인력의 $30{\sim}40\%$를 차지하는 간호 인력에 대한 관심을 소홀히 하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 대형 병원을 사례기관으로 선정하여 기존의 간호사 근무 편성 기준을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 간호사들의 요일별, 시간별 선호도를 고려한 근무 편성표를 작성하여 간호사 근무에 형평성을 기하고자 한다. 또한 기존 휴리스틱에 의거한 근무표와 수리계획법을 활용하여 작성한 근무표 간의 비교를 통하여, 간호사 개인이 특정 근무 기간동안 얻게 되는 만족도를 분석하고자 한다.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.451-466
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• 2021

The interaction between student and school levels should be considered to understand and examine equity in education. For this reason, we included the socioeconomic composition of schools to scrutinize the equity related to students' socioeconomic status and mathematical literacy in Korea. We applied the hierarchical linear modeling approach to the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 data for binational comparison between Korea (5,548 students from 168 schools) and the U.S. (5,217 students from 161 schools). The findings show that school-level achievement and the socioeconomic composition of schools cannot be ignored to understand Korean students' achievement gap between high and low socioeconomic status. In addition, U.S. students from low socioeconomic status were likely to have similar mathematics literacy scores. These findings indicated that inequity in Korean mathematics education could be intertwined with the characteristics of Korean students like high demands for supplementary private education and school characteristics like curriculum selection. This research also reminds mathematics educators that people should not simply mimic other education systems to resolve education issues in their own system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.5 s.43
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• pp.299-310
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze an effect for the resident satisfaction and quality of life against public administrative service to provide for community residents by the rural-urban consolidation community in the case of 3 cities (Sunchon, Gwangyang, Naju) that have consolidated since January 1995 and Yeosu city that has consolidated in March 1998. This study attempted to empirical survey and analyzed 270 number of 4 cities residents samples in Jeollanamdo through SPSSWIN. As a result of this factor analysis, equality of public administrative service, counterplan of residents, efficiency and access of administrative organ are showed as factors are associated with the satisfying degree of public administrative services for community residents.