• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.101-152
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• 2018

This study discusses the research trends in Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) which recently emerged as the central concept among international innovation policy circles. In particular, we attend to the conceptual diversity of RRI, showing that each trend emphasizes different elements of RRI and reflects the context in which the concept has emerged. The first trend centers on research on governing emerging technologies which has been developed from the tradition of technology assessment and ELSI. The second trend has been closely related to the innovation policy efforts to take up the social challenge driven innovation as a new driving force for innovations. The third involves the attempts to operationalize the concept of RRI to evaluate whether the vision of RRI has been successfully incorporated in the actual innovation practices. We also insist that recent Korean R&D policies which emphasize social responsibility of science and technology include essential elements of RRI, although they do not use the term RRI. Finally, we discuss policy implications of discourse over RRI on such innovation policies.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.173-187
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• 2018

After Satoshi Nakamoto published 'Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system' in 2008, Blockchain has been GPT (General Purpose Technologies) that affect the whole cycle of the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution. This study attempted to identify the innovativeness of Blockchain. Because of Blockchain's ambidextrous characteristics, Blockchain has two kinds of innovativeness, technological innovation by physical technology and social innovation by social technology. Thus, this study will be useful to increase understanding and establishing strategy for Blockchain.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.57-88
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• 2014

The 'Grand Challenge' in the global level raises fundamental questions on the role of private firm as a profit maximizer. From the new perspective, firms are recognized as a social entity with social and environmental responsibility. Particularly, the importance of transition-orineted firms, which pursue an objective of socio-technological system transition, have increased. These environmental changes request a new understanding on the identification of firms and the evolution of sustainable business model from the technological innovation perspectives. This paper aims on the new understanding on the motivation of firms who participated on the sustainable system transition and the proposal of 'transition-oriented firms' concept. Based on literature survey, this paper reviews the role of firms in the process of socio-technological system transition, the cases of transition-oriented firm, the types of sustainable business models and their strategies.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.157-204
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• 2015

This paper explores firm-specific internal and external determinants of the sustainability of "the social innovative enterprise(SIE)" by conducting a case research on Fragrant People Co. In doing so, some business and policy implications have been produced concerning the components and determinants of the sustainability of the SIE. First, entrepreneurship is a necessary factor for the survival and growth of the SIE. A social entrepreneur does manage effectively social and economic opportunities for making economic and social values interact dynamically beyond their trade-off relationship and creating new market chances. Second, the SIE also needs competitive advantages as commercial enterprises do. Valuable resources to be used for taking opportunities and avoiding threats, rare resources not to be possessed by other firms, and resources not to be easily imitated by competitors are extremely necessary for achieving objectives of the SIE. In addition, a firm must be well organized for those valuable, rare, and not easily imitated resources. Economic performance achieved by the SIE gives a birth to its financial independence, contributing to the realization of symmetric social performance. Third, the SIEs will be allowed to seek symmetrically economic and social performance only when they use sufficiently competitive advantage resources with entrepreneurship, which is composed of innovativeness, proactiveness, agility and risk-taking attitudes. In doing so, financial assistance from central or local governments may not ensure the sustainability of the SIEs. In addition, vision & value sharing(person-organization fit) can ensure the sustainability of the SIEs only when it is connected with the organizational commitment.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.17-45
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• 2017

This article reviews studies on the societal challenge and technological innovation. Technological innovation in response to social problems is a relatively recent topic of Innovation Studies. Socially-oriented innovations and policies are different in terms of the goals, innovation processes, and ecosystems when compared with industrial innovation. This study examines the existing research that discusses science and technology innovation from the viewpoint of solving societal problems and discusses the direction of future research. This paper presents major research issues on the characteristics of innovation in societal problem solving, innovation governance, roles and ecosystem of innovators, and relationship between societal problem solving policies and other policies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.177-197
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop an empirically-based inventory of organizational innovativeness of social welfare organizations. Review of literature on innovation research and panel study resulted thirty-seven(37) pre-items for measuring organizational innovativeness. An exploratory factor analysis of the pre-items drawn from the first survey data of 178 social workers revealed seven(7)-factor structure of 31 items. The factors included leadership innovation, team work innovation, task innovation, program development innovation, program technology innovation, idea innovation. A confirmatory factor analysis using data from the second survey of 409 social workers also indicated relevance of seven(7) factor structure of the inventory. Further these seven factors showed positive and significant correlations with measures for innovation culture indicating the inventory had the criterion-related validity. Although additional work remains in methodological issues, the results presented in this paper have shown that this inventory of organizational innovativeness can be an useful tool for assessing innovativeness of social welfare organizations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.187-197
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• 2011

There are many researches about effects of consumer innovativeness on the new product adoption behavior. However most of these studies regard this construct as one dimensional concept so that the extant studies suggest very ambiguous results about the relationship between consumer innovativeness and adoption behavior. This study subdivides the construct as cognitive innovativeness and sensory one and suggest these two types of consumer innovativeness affect on the risk perception of the potential adopter differently when the consumer adopt new product. In the empirical research through regression analysis and structure equation model with 217 samples, the study shows the consumer who have high level of cognitive innovativeness are more sensitive to functional risk of new products compared to one who have high level of sensory innovativeness. On the other side, sensory innovative consumer perceive social risk more when they adopt new products than cognitive innovator who have higher level of cognitive innovativeness. The result means there are dual paths on the relationship between consumer innovativeness and new products adoption behavior. Unlike the early studies, this study shows that there's dual path in relationship between the consumer's innovativeness and new product adoption. That is the consumer who have higher sensory innovativeness perceive the social risk of new products more sensitively than functional risk but the consumer who have cognitive innovativeness perceive functional risk more. So, new product adoption behavior would be different depending on the sensory or cognitive innovativeness.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.123-153
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• 2011

This study tries to categorize innovation types for social welfare organizations and investigate the level of innovation in each type in practical field. Firstly, this study scrutinizes the concept and classification's criterias of innovation. Secondly, this study reviews not only classification of innovation in profit organization but also several researches of innovation in service industry and public sectors, and finally, this study makes a suggestion of innovations' classification that is applicable for social welfare organizations. Based on this suggestion, fifteen questions are designed to ask the innovative activities in the organizations. And total 496 respondents from 116 organizations answered these questionnaire. The outcomes of this survey were substantiated by second data through converted procedures to mean value of organizations. Consquently, service innovation, administrative innovation and human resource innovation, proposed based on theoretical review, were subdivided into six categories such as service innovation, structural innovation, internal and efficiency innovation, marketing and communication innovation, external and employment innovation and evalution and mission innovation. The mean value of service(mean=14.7) and marketing innovation(mean=13.3) are higher than other type of innovations, which shows the aspect of innovative activities in social welfare organizations. Based on this result, we can get the directions of following study in investigating innovation of social welfare organization.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.309-333
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• 2014

To meet the challenge of new type of innovation activities requires us to understand the social context of innovation and the potential needs of innovation users and, based on this, to co-construct technology and society simultaneously. Effective 'demand articulation' activities such as the understanding and utilization of user experiences and socio-technical planning are prerequisites for carrying out post-catch up innovations shaping new trajectories and contributing to solving social problems. Living Lab has recently been emerging particularly in Europe as an 'user-driven innovation model', in which users are active participants in innovation activities. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a theoretical discussion of Living Lab as an user-driven innovation model, to make a brief review of cases of Living Lab and to explore Living Lab's applicability in the Korean context. Living Lab is an open innovation model, in which end suers actively participate in innovation processes in a particular geographical space or region and would be able to solve specific problems of that space or region. In that sense, Living Lab would be able to strengthen the problem-solving capabilities of local communities and to become a pioneer in inducing and realizing a new socio-technical system. Furthermore, Living Lab could become an innovative policy tool reflecting recent major changes in innovation policy paradigms such as post-catch up innovation, demand-oriented innovation, regional innovation, societal innovation, innovation eco-system and socio-technical system transition, and thus make a contribution to exploring a new way of bringing about changes in the Korean society.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-136
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• 2013

Meeting and solving persistent societal problems and challenges through science, technology, and innovation is now an emerging policy agenda in Korea. This socially-oriented innovation needs integrated approach on technological and social innovation. This study aims to suggest the necessity of new process named 'socio-technical planning' and propose its characteristics and implications. It deals with some cases of socio-technical planning activity and classifies their characteristics and types. And then, this study suggests the direction of socio-technical planning development.