• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2017

Purpose: Oral naloxone is combined with oxycodone to alleviate or prevent opioid-induced constipation in cancer pain patients. However, there is still concern that oral naloxone may precipitate opioid withdrawal symptoms in patients on opioids. We retrospectively investigated clinical characteristics of cancer patients who experienced opioid withdrawal symptoms. Methods: We reviewed medical records of all patients who were prescribed with oral oxycodone/naloxone at a tertiary cancer center from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2016. Eligible patients were screened based on demographics, opioid and naloxone dosages, clinical manifestation and pain intensity. Results: Among a total of 1,641 patients, 10 patients were selected. Seven patients were male, and the average age was 68.1 years. The median dose of naloxone that induced withdrawal symptoms was 20 mg. Most common withdrawal symptom was shivering (seven patients) followed by cold sweating (five), and muscle twitching (five). Other symptoms included restlessness, fever, dizziness, and yawning. Pain was exacerbated from the median intensity of numeric rating scale (NRS) 3 to NRS 6. Conclusion: Opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur when switching to oral oxycodone/naloxone for cancer patients who have been treated with other strong opioids. A prospective, multicenter study on this issue should be conducted in future.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

This research aims to identify innovative companies' attention to the emotion and sensibility and its application by analyzing the contents of the corporate annual reports. Annual report is a good reference data because it describes not only various current products and services' annual activities and business performance but also corporate future direction. Sensibility is interpreted and used with various words internationally: various related terms such as sensibility, sense, emotion, feeling and affection are analyzed not only by the definition but also the interrelationship among them, and included for the contents analysis. To select the innovative companies, the researcher used 'Fast company' that is the economic journal and deducted the companies list via 'The world's 50 most innovative companies' in 2009 and 2014. Listed companies' 2009 and 2014 annual reports' contents were analyzed to identify the rate of the recognition and the application of sensibility to their business. Even though the quantitative result of the content analysis indicates not a strong relationship between corporate innovativeness and 'sensibility' qualitative result identifies companies are paying more attention to the 'sense' and 'feeling' during five years. In conclusion, the innovation that company pursues strategically is shifting from differentiation and the technological leadership to satisfying user experiences and the number of companies which express and measure user feeling and emotions are increasing.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between death recognition, terminal care stress, terminal care performance, and other influencing factors of terminal care performance in terminal care hospital nurses. Two hundred forty nurses working in 11 hospitals for the elderly located in G, N, C city were surveyed. They were asked to complete three questionnaires: one on death recognition, one on terminal care stress, and a final one on terminal care performance. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression using SAS 9.1. The findings suggest that the nurses' own mental and occupational stress was the cause of many difficulties in the practice of end-of-life care, where the nurse will often experience the death patients, which results in increased dysentery stress. There was a negative correlation between species stress and terminal care performance. Death recognition and terminal care stress were correlated with terminal care performance. The results suggest that the longer the clinical experience, the higher the quality of terminal care performance. Therefore, it is suggested that terminal care should be performed considering the longevity of the careers career and their death tendency. Further to this study, it is necessary to find out how to reduce stress and to evaluate other variables affecting the care of the patient.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.209-225
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• 1998

Recently, Umbrella Arch Method(UAM), one of the auxiliary techniques for tunnelling, is used to reinforce the ground and improve stability of tunnel face. Because UAM combines the advantages of a modern forepoling system with the grouting injection method, this technique has been applied in subway, road and utility tunnel sites for the last few years in Korea. Also, several research results are reported on the examination of the roles of inserted pipes and grouted materials in UAM. But, because of its empirical design and construction methodology, more qualitative and systematic design sequences are needed. Therefore, above sequences using numerical analysis are proposed and, the effects of some design parameters were studied in this research. In order to acco,mplish these objects, first, the roles of pipe and grouting materials, steel-rib and the others in ground improving mechanism of UAM are clarified. Second, the effects of design parameters are investigated through parametric studies. Design parameters are as follows; 1) ground condition, 2) overburden, 3) geometrical formulation of pipes, 4) grouting region and 5) characteristics of pipes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.25-30
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• 1992

최근 전자계산기를 이용한 진동해석 방법이 눈부시게 발달하여, 일반 구조물 이나 기계 구조물 등의 동특성을 설계 단계에서 정도 높게 예측하는 것이 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 종래의 구조해석은 주어진 시스템의 동특성을 위한 것으로 얻어진 동특성으로부터 질량, 관성제원 및 스프링상수값 등의 설계상 수값을 규명하는 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 이것에 대한 해결방법으로 크게 해석적인 방법과 실험적인 방법으로의 접근이 있어 왔다. 해석적인 방법으로 유한요소해석에서 얻은 모드좌표를 물리좌표로 변환하는 방법으로 Guyan의 정축소와 같은 절점축소를 행하는 방법이 고찰되었다. 실험적인 방법으로 가 진실험에서 얻은 전달함수나 모드파라미터로부터 [M], [K] 행렬을 결정하는 연구가 있었지만 어떤것도 질량, 스프링상수 등의 설계상수를 완전히 규명하 지는 못하였다. 또한, 설계 단계에서 필요한 질량, 관성제원 또는 스프링상수 등의 최적한 값이나, 원하는 시스템특성을 얻을 수 있는 설계상수의 적정한 폭을 구하는 연구는 설계자의 경험과 반복된 시행착오에 의존하는 실정이다. 감도해석은 이러한 문제점을 개선하는 수단으로 설계변수에 대한 동특성의 변화율을 구하는 것이다. 감도해석을 수행하는 것은 어느 설계변수를 수정하 는 것이 주어진 동특성에 부합되는 지를 알려주고, 어느 것을 수정하는 것이 원하는 방향의 동특성변화에 가장 효과적인지를 알려주는 것이다. 따라서 감 도해석을 이용하여 설계의 최적화 프로그램을 만들수 있고, 이것은 설계자가 요구하는 동특성을 목적함수로 하여 주어진 구조물을 최적화하는 설계상수 값을 얻을 수 있게 한다. 본 논문에서는 강체모델의 동특성으로부터 모델의 설계 상수를 규명하고, 동특성의 개선을 위하여 설계변수의 변경량을 물리좌 표계에서 얻는것을 목적으로 한다. 강체 마운트계의 관성제원 및 마운트강성 의 규명을 위하여 임으로 주어진 설계상수를 모델데이타로 하여 관성제원과 스프링 강성을 구하였다. 관성제원의 규명은 주어진 모델의 관성값을 모르는 것으로 하여 임의의 초기 관성값으로 감도해석에 의해 주어진 계의 관성값 을 물리 좌표계에서 규명하였다. 마운트 강성의 규명도 관성제원의 규명과 같은 방법으로 임의의 강성값으로 감도해석을 하여 강성값을 규명하였다. 또 한 감도해석에 의한 동특성 변경은 특정한 고유진동 수의 변경이 필요할 때, 고유진동수의 이동을 위한 관성제원의 변경 및 마운트 강성변경값을 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구수행의 기본적인 흐름도는 Fig.1.1과 같다. 위와 같은 작업 으로 엔진 마운트와 같은 강체 모델의 시스템 규명을 행하는 경우에 유한요 소해석 및 가진 실험으로 얻은 고유진동수의 정보 또는 원하는 고유진동수 의 특성을 기본으로 실제 설계에서 사용이 가능하도록 물리 좌표계에서 관 성 제원 및 스프링상수를 구할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 1997

유기농산물은 질 좋은 농산물이며 그 생산농법이 환경친화적인 것으로 이해하고 있어 참여농가수도 증가일로에 있고 소비자들에 의한 유기농산물 구입 역시 점차 증가 추세에 있으나, 한국유기농업은 국제적 유기농업에 다르게 잘못 정의된 채 확산되고 있어, 그 핵심기술의 환경영향평가의 과학화에 대한 시대적 요청과 유기농업 기본규약 제정 필요성이 학계 일부에서 제기 되고 있는 등 한국유기농업은 최근 발전을 위한 진통을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 한국유기농업이 태동된 배경과 70년대 말로부터 80년대 초에 걸쳐 태생된 한국유기농업이 국민적 관심을 얻게된 배경과 정농회, 한국유기농업협회, 한국자연농업협회, 한 살림 등의 유기농업단체와 한국유기농업학회, 환경보전형농업생산소비단체협의회, 흙살림연구소 등의 발전과정 및 활동을 소개하고 있다. 또한 서울에서 개최된 IFOAM Asia대회, 한국자연농업협회의“자연농업연구소”, 한국유기농업협회의“건강과 자연농업”등에 관해서 뿐만 아니라 우리 정부의 21세기를 향한 농림환경정책중 유기농업부문에 대한 각종 장기지원책, 즉 중소농대책의 일환의 유기-자연농업 지원책, 유기농산물에 대한 품질인증제 및 팔당상수원보호구역내 유기농업지원 등이 소개되고 있다. 한편 한국유기농업기술의 핵심내용이었던 유기질비료 과다시용 문제가“유기농산물 채소의 고 질산염 함량”으로 촉발된 식품안정성 논쟁 후에 유기질비료의 추천시용량이 다다익선적 개념에서 80t/㏊으로 낮아졌다가 다시 50t/㏊으로 낮아졌으며 1996년 6월부터는 20t/㏊로 크게 낮추어 졌음을 보고하고 있다. 또한 일부 선도적 유기독농가의 경험적 기술이 토대가 되어 성립된 현 유기농업기술은 과학적 기술검증을 거쳐야 함과 퇴비사용 만으로 실시하는 현 유기농업 기술에 의해 야기되는 근권내 질산 미치 인산염 집적을 회피하기 위해서는 윤작, 녹비작물 및 두과작물의 재배로 토양비옥도 향상을 통한 유기농업 기술 개발이 필요하며 IFOAM 기본규약과 FAO/WHO Codex의 핵심 내용을 수용하는 한국유기농업 기본규약 제정이 제정이 절실히 요구됨을 강조하고 있다. 마지막으로 한국유기농업의 핵심기술에 대한 환경영향평가와 기본규약제정 필요성을 역설하고 한국유기농업의 과학화와 질 좋은 유기농산물 생산을 위해 노력하고 있는 소비자 문제를 연구하는 시민의 모임 등 몇몇 단체들의 최근 활동이 언급되고 유기농업에 대한 농과대학내 연구와 강의 등이 소개되었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2014

Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common childhood infectious diseases. Despite antibiotic treatment for AOM, AOM and its complication still continue to develop. Acute mastoiditis is a serious complication of AOM and epidural abscess constitutes the commonest of all intracranial complication of AOM. Neurological complication of acute mastoiditis are rare but can be life threatening. Their presentation may be masked by the use of antibiotics. We report the rare case of acute otitis media progressing to acute mastoiditis, epidural abscess formation and lateral sinus thrombophlebitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a child. She was admitted with acute otitis media with fever. Despite proper antibiotics, acute mastodititis and epidural abscess were developed, and after surgical drainage and antibiotics therapy she was recovered without sequalae.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.11 s.256
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• pp.783-787
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• 2005

Eight patients underwvnt reoperation after valve replacement surgery with a mechanical valve from January, 1992 to December, 2003. Among the various indications for reoperation, there were 4 patients with paravalvular leakage; 3 patients underwent resuturing of the area of leakage and one patient underwent redo valve replacement. Among the three patients with stenosis due to thrombosis of the valve, 2 patients underwent redo valve replacement and one patient underwent thrombectomy. In one patient, the valve functioned normally, but stenosis was caused by overgrowth of the patient and redo valve replacement was done 123 months later. There was no postoperative mortality or morbidity. After an average of 51 months ($2\~134$ months) of postoperative follow up, the patients were in good condition and were able to maintain a NYHA functional class of I or II. The operative method used, whether it be a redo valve replacement or valve sparing method, depends upon the type of lesion and the anatomic structure.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.43-93
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• 2018

The concept of citizen science(CS) is defined as "scientific work carried out by citizens." Here, 'citizen' means someone who has knowledge of everyday life, regardless of whether they have formal expertise in a related field. This definition may encompass scientists, as many scientists participate in scientific democracy and use their expertise in a citizen-oriented manner. That work is derived from their citizenship, so their scientific work is CS. CS in Korea has expanded from the Korea Pollution Research Institute, which was founded in 1982, to the Center for Democracy in Science & Technology, which was founded in 1997. Furthermore, in recent years, government agencies have started using CS approach. In this paper, I introduce Korean CS and examine its accomplishments and difficulties through eight cases. I show that Korea's CS activities have made a significant impact on Korean society and the experience of these activities has implications for the future directions of CS. I do so by examining four modes of CS and explore practical messages for more varied roles of CS. Until now CS has been mainly considered in the context of "CS as education" or "CS as movement" in Korea. However, governance and the platform mode of social decision-making or research, though still rare, have recently emerged as additional CS activities. Although it cannot be said with certainty that CS is better, it is undoubtedly better the more varieties of its modes coexist. The four types of CS will contribute individually or complementarily to social learning. Thus, because of its distinctive potential, CS is not exhausted by the supplementary concept of science.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.127-152
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• 2015

This study aimed to implement the enhancement program for the social work practice competency for children of community child center workers and to evaluate the program's effects. For this purpose, the program was implemented for ten community child center workers five times for five weeks(once a week, 120 minutes per session). For the quantitative evaluation, a non-equivalent control group design among quasi-experimental designs was used, and for the qualitative evaluation, the written materials related with the program were collected and analyzed. The results of the quantitative evaluation revealed that the social work practice skills and worker-client relationship empowerment of the community child center workers who participated in the competency enhancement program were significantly improved. In the qualitative evaluation, the subjective experiences were presented, including the improvement of the worker's practice competency and the worker's awareness of the changes in the child, the recognition of the strong points and the points to be improved in the program. This study is expected to raise the expertise and effectiveness of community child center workers, and ultimately, to contribute to the healthy development and the improvement of the mental health of children by improving the social work practice competency of the workers in community child centers, which comprise the representative service delivery system for children in South Korea.