• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
• /
• 2002.12a
• /
• pp.58-73
• /
• 2002

지방산을 이용한 살충비누의 제조와 이를 이용한 해충의 환경친화적 방제연구를 수행하였고 그 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 각 지방산의 중화가(Acid value)를 기준으로 비누화에 필요한 수산화칼륨의 투입량을 결정할 수 있었으며, 야자지방산의 경우 중화가가 266.3mg KOH/g으로 지방산 1kg당 수산화칼륨 266g이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 25%의 비누 함량이 되게 제조하기 위해서 지방산별 반응식을 조사하였고, 이에 따라 물의 첨가량을 결정할 수 있었으며, 야자지방산을 이용한 25% 살충비누의 제조에는 지방산 1kg에 수산화칼륨 266g과 물 3.459 ${\ell}$ 가 소요되고 제조된 비누액은 4.644 ${\ell}$인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사용하는 물은 연수를 이용하여야 하였다. 3. 25% 제조된 살충비누의 물성을 조사한 결과 젤리상의 올레인산 비누를 제외하고는 점도가 낮은 액상이었으며, 산도는 알카리성으로 25% 야자지방산의 경우 pH 9이상으로 나타났다. 또한 50% 이상 고농도의 살충비누를 제조하면 냉각 후 젤리상태가 되어 희석하여 이용하는데 불편하였다. 4. 살충비누 제조공정의 요인으로 반응온도는 중탕방식으로 90$^{\circ}C$이상, 교반속도는 60 ${\sim}$ 120 rpm. 반응시간은 30분 이상이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 5. 살충비누제조 공정은 중탕, 교반 가능한 반응기를 활용하여 (1) 수산화칼륨 수용액 제조 및 가온(90$^{\circ}C$) (2) 지방산 투입 (3) 30분이상 교반 반응 (4) 냉각을 통해 제조할 수 있었다. 6. 고추진딧물의 포장 방제가 조사시험결과 모든 지방산에서 살충효과를 나타냈으며, 지방산의 탄소수가 낮을수록, 살포 농도가 높을수록, 살포회수가 증가할수록 방제가가 높은 경향이었다. 7. 25% 야자지방산의 경우 50배에서 5일간격 2회처리 후부터 고추에 발생하는 진딧물에 대한 방제가가 92%이상이 되었으며, 100배액에서는 5일간격 3회처리 후부터 94%의 방제가를 나타내었다. 8. 양배추의 복숭아진딧물에 대한 25% 야자지방산 살충비누 50배액의 살포결과 1회 처리후 95%이상, 2회 처리후 100%에 가까운 방제가를 나타냈다. 9. 강낭콩의 점박이응애에 대한 25% 야자지방산 살충비누 50배액, 100배액 살포결과 2회처리 후부터 거의 100%에 가까운 방제효과를 보였으며, 알에 대한 부화억제효과도 인정되었다. 10. 효과증진제 첨가 실험결과 이소프로필알콜 0.1%이상 첨가 살포에서 2회처리시에 약간의 살충력 증진 효과를 보였으며, 규조토 첨가는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 11. 노지재배 고추의 약해검정결과 25%카프릴산비누 50배액을 제외하고는 약해가 발생하지 않았으며, 25% 카프론산 비누의 100배액은 고추 유묘기에 약해를 나타내었다. 양배추에서는 25% 카프릴산 비누 100배액에서 약해를 보였으나, 25% 야자지방산의 경우 50 ${\sim}$ 100배액 어디에서도 액해를 보이지 않았다. 별도로 적용한 시험에서, 토마토의 경우에도 25% 야자지방산 비누 50 ${\sim}$ 100배액 모두 약해를 발생하지 않았으나, 오이에서는 25% 야자지방산 비누 100배액에도 약해를 나타내었다. 12. 이상의 결과, 천연지방산을 이용하여 유기농업에 허용되는 각종의 살충비누를 제조할 수 있었으며, 방제가 조사결과 진딧물, 응애 등 껍질이 연약한 곤충의 방제에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 제조된 살충비누를 활용하면 환경친화적인 해충방제가 가능하다고 판단되었다.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.835-855
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive validity of behaviroal characteristics checklists that are widely used in Korea for identifying mathematically gifted students. Three most widely used checklists were selected and implemented to classroom teachers who could teach and observe gifted students in regular classes. The predictive validity of the tree checklists were explored by generating the correlations between their ratings using those three checklists and the performance levels of gifted students, which were measured by teachers in gifted classes. Findings of this study are the followings: First, all three checklists could statistically significantly predict the performance of gifted students in gifted programs, and the checklist B showed the highest predictability. Secondly, without the assistance by those checklists, teachers could not predict the performance level of gifted students. Lastly, teachers that were trained for educating gifted students could very effectively predict the performance of gifted students with the aid of those checklists while teachers without appropriate training could not at all even with the aid of those checklists.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.102-114
• /
• 1990

This study was carried out to analyze the operation of the sluice gates by taking Sabkyo Reservoir as the model, and to examine the formulae of the design criteria for the Agricultural Land Improvement Project by hydraulic model experiments. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. According to the records of gate operation for 9 years, the mean height of the opened gates was 4.13 m, the mean number of operated gates were 4.04, the average annual number of operation were 67 times, the average annual operating time were 192.5 hours, and the average operating time were 2.88 hours. 2. The water supplied through Sabkyo Reservoir was 88.15 megatons per year, which was about 1.4 times the effective storage capacity. And the annual volume of pumping in May, which is the most water demanding season, was 29.56 megatons in average. 3. As the submerged orifice was transformed into the surface orifice, the suggested formulae for the orifice flow on the design criteria for the Agricultural Land Improvement Project showed a discontinuous line on the transition zone. It should be improved, because it is different from the real hydraulic phenomena. 4. The formulae for the orifice flow which are divided into the submerged and surface orifices are being used. However, these formulae could be substituted for the formular, $q=C{\cdot}W\sqrt{2gH_1}$, if the discharge coefficient considering the reservoir water level, the sea water level, and the gate opening height is used.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the driving rehabilitation for on-road driving through a systematic review. Methods: We systematically examined papers published in journals from December 2014 to January 2015, using CINAH, Embase, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library. Eventually, 15 studies were included in the analyses. Results: The evidence of 15 studies was from levels I, III, and V. The subjects included in the analyses were patients with stroke(40.0%), older driver(20.0%), traumatic brain injury(20.0%), acquired brain injury(13.3%) and spinal cord injury(6.7%). The intervention types were driving simulator training(53.3%), cognitive skills training(26.6%), off-road educational training(6.7%), adaptation of assistive device(6.7%), and behind-the-wheel training(6.7%). The effects of driving rehabilitation were different depending on the types of intervention. However, driving simulator training showed significant improvement of on-road assessments in all studies included this study. Conclusions: Driving rehabilitation for on-road driving has been used in various types. Specially, the effect of the driving simulator training has been proved by many studies. Future studies are to be required with client from a range of diagnostic groups to establish evidence-based interventions and determine their effectiveness in improving on-road driving.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.5-8
• /
• 2015

D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product (FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. D-dimer concentration is widely used for determining thrombosis and thromboembolism. Because one major cause of thromboembolism is congestive heart failure in human, we investigated the degree and risk of thromboembolism in dogs with different stage of congestive heart failure caused by chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI). The plasma level of d-dimer was evaluated in 20 healthy dogs and 30 dogs with different stage of congestive heart failure caused by CMVI. The d-dimer concentrations were measured by a commercialized assay kit. The plasma levels of d-dimer were not significantly different between healthy and CMVI dogs. Furthermore, there was no association of d-dimer concentrations to left atrium to aorta (LA/Ao) ratio, left ventricular dimension at diastole to aorta (LVIDd/Ao) ratio and severity of heart failure in our study population. Our study results implied that the degree of thromboembolism in canine heart failure might be minimal or the plasma d-dimer test might not be reliable for detecting thromboembolism in dogs.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.125-139
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to provide a basic research data for increasing the satisfaction by analyzing perception of middle school beginning technology teachers 'technology home economics' class for free semester program. In order to investigate the class operation status, the survey questionnaires from 100 teachers were collected from middle school beginning teachers who teach technology home economics subject currently and analyzed by statistical program(SPSS ver.18). The main results of this study were as follows: First, there was no statistically significant difference to contents and satisfaction of lesson between teachers who experienced free semester program and not. In comparison of male teachers and female teachers, male teachers thought that free semester program was more helpful for student's 'career exploration' than female teachers, and there was statistically significant difference. Second, in the teacher's response according to have practice space and not, the satisfaction average of teachers who have practice space was higher(M=3.64) than those who have not at 'career exploration' and there was statistically significant difference satisfaction. Third, among the teachers who have experienced free semester program, male teachers were having more difficulty 'determining the assessment criteria' than the female teachers and there was statistically significant difference. Fourth, to improve the satisfaction of technical lesson, technology teachers asked to solve lack of practice material, increase of lesson-time, lack of practice space and lesson contents etc. Fifth, technology teachers asked free semester program seminars and information because free semester program lesson contents was given by internet and research groups of technology education.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2016

Shoreline armoring is a globally used engineering strategy to prevent shoreline erosion along stream, lake and reservoir coastlines. Armoring alters the land-water interface and has the potential to affect shoreline vegetation by changing nearshore geomorphology, hydrology, sediment composition and water quality. We quantified the effects of the artificial disturbances and alternation of the land-water interface on the community structure and distribution of shoreline vegetation in a large reservoir, Uiam Reservoir, Korea. More than 60% of shorelines were disturbed by armoring with retaining wall of concrete block, riprap and gabion in the Uiam Reservoir. The results of detrended correspondence analysis showed that the vegetation structures of the shoreline modified by armoring changed from hydrophyte-dominated to hygrophyte-dominated ecosystems. The shoreline armoring caused the disruption of gradual continuity in the water-land interface and the biological invasion by alien plants. The changes in distribution area of shoreline vegetation showed that the area of hydrophytic vegetation decreased and that of hygrophytic vegetation increased from 2010 to 2013. In conclusion, the human disturbance such as armoring, road construction, recreation etc. could lead to terrestrialization, the loss of transverse continuity and biological invasion in the shoreline vegetation of the Reservoir Uiam. Our findings suggest that redesigning or removing shoreline armoring structures may benefit nearshore hydrophytic vegetation for the conservation of novel shoreline ecosystems.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2006

Purpose : The serotyping results of the Quellung reaction was compared with the newly developed multiplex latex assay and the sensitivity of the Quellung reaction was compared. Methods : We checked the serotypes of 35 samples obtained from patients treated at Yonsei University Medical Center using the multiplex latex bead method and compared the results with the serotypes previously obtained via the Quellung reaction. Results : A decrease in the mean fluorescence was detected in the samples tested with the multiplex assay. Seventeen samples out of the 27 samples agreed to the results of the Quellung assay. We were only able to confirm the concordance of 11 serotypes out of 14 serotypes available. Conclusion : The Quellung reaction is time consuming procedure and prone to errors even with expertise in the procedure, and other alternate methods in serotyping have been investigated to overcome these problems. The newly developed multiplex latex bead assay can test more samples at the same time and has a higher degree of sensitivity. A large scale trial is required to test the sensitivity of the new assay across various serotypes along with efforts to increase the sensitivity of the Quellung assay. The preliminary data suggests that this method may be widely used.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.125-138
• /
• 1998

Purpose : To evaluate the late effect(3 and 6 months) of cis-diarnrninedichlo-roplatinum(II)(cisplatin) on the radiation brain damage when the cisplatin was intraperitoneally infused immediately after whole brain irradiation in the rats. Materials and Methods : The histolopathological findings of the brain were examined in rat brains at 3 and 6 months after the treatment. The rats were irradiated(20 or 22.5 Gy, RT) or cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally(2,4, or 8mg/kg, CT) and in combined treatment group, cisplatin(2mg/kg) was injected immediately after irradiation(20 or 22.5 Gr). Histopathological examination was done mostly in irradiation or cisplatin alone groups, because the rats in combined group died during experimental period except 2 rats. Results : The rats treated with cisplatin showed marked epithelial vacuolation with perivascular edema and vascular dilatation in choroid plexus at 3 months as well as multifocal necrosis involving fimbria and cerebellar hemispheres at 3 and 6 months. The changes were more prominent in rats with 2mg/kg injection compared to rats with 8mg/kg injection. The rats with RT and combined CT and RT showed characteristic delayed irradiation effects such as focal coagulation necrosis and vascular changes, which were more marked than previous reports Prominent perivascular and leptomenin-geal astrocytic Proliferation was well documented by anti-GFAP antibody. Cisplatin treatment did not enhance the effect of radiation-induced changes of blood vessels and astrocytic proliferation. Conclusion : The focal necrosis was the most consistently noted finding in this study, it suggested the possibility to use this as an evaluation factor for combined effects of RT and cisplatin.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 1994

PAN-based carbon fiber roving and fabric were heat treated at the temperature of $2170^{\circ}C$. Using non-heat treated and heat treated fabric, greenbodies of CFRP and GFRP were manufactured in the Autoclave. After the analysis of heat treated and non-heat treated carbon fiber roving and two types of greenbodies, the variations of physical and mechanical properties of carbon fibers and greenbodies with heat treatment were studied. Observing the cross-section of carbon fiber with SEM, we knew the diameter of carbon fiber was decreased from 6.8gm to 6.4p1. The results of TGA showed that the oxidation resistence was enhanced after heat treatment. The tensile strength of carbon fiber was decreased from (3.11$\pm 0.32)\times 10^3$ MPa to (1.87$\pm 0.26)\times 10^3$MPa, but tensile modulus was increased from (1.94$\pm 0.06)\times 10^5$ MPa to (2.02$\pm 0.11)\times 10^5$MPa after heat treatment. The interlaminar shear strengths of CFRP and GFRP were 148.8$\pm$1.6Mpa and 82.2$\pm$1.1Mpa, respectively. Torch test showed that CFRP was abraded smoothly but GFRP was delaminated.