• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2000

산초종피 메탄올 추출물과 heperoside의 사전투여가 사염화탄소에 의해 예상되는 혈청지질설분의 농도 변화에 미치는 효과를 밝히기 위해 ICR계 mouse를 대상으로 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 사엽화탄소로 혈청 총콜레스테롤 농도가 유의적으로 증가되었으나, 산초 메탄올 추출물과 hyperoside의 사전투여는 사염화탄소에 의한 이의 증가를 유의적으로 억게시켰으며, 20mg/kg hyperoside투여군에서 그 효과가 가장 높았다. 사염화탄소로 혈청 HDL-cholesterol농도가 유의적으로 감소되었으나, 산초 메탄올 추출물과 hy-peroside의 사전투여는 사염화탄소에 의한 이의 감소를 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 20mg/kg hyperoside투여군에서 그 효과가 가장 높았다. 사염화탄소로 혈청 LDL-cholesterol농도가 유의적으로 증가되었으나, 산초 메탄올 추출물과 hyperoside의 사전투여는 사염화탄소에 의한 이의 증가를 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 20mg/kg hyperoside 투여군에서 그 효과가 가장 높았다. 사염화탄소로 혈청 triglyceride 농도가 유의적으로 증가되었으나, 산초 메탄올 추출물과 hyperoside의 사전투여는 사염화탄소에 의한 이의 증가를 유의적으로 억제시켰다.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2005

홍경천의 간보호 효과를 알아보고자 사염화탄소를 투여하여 간손상을 유발시킨 흰쥐에 홍경천 물추출물을 투여한 후 간독성 보호효과를 알아본 결과, 혈청중 ALT, AST, LDH, ALP 활성도는 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 증가하였으나, 사염화탄소 투여 후 홍경천 물추출물의 투여로 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. Total cholesterol, total lipid, triglyceride는 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 증가하였으나, 사염화탄소 투여 후 홍경천 물추출물의 투여로 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 한편 phospholipid는 사염화탄소만 투여한 CCL군과 사염화탄소 투여 후 홍경천 물추출물을 투여 한 군 모두 유의성 차이는 없었으나 홍경천 물추출물을 투여함으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. HDL-cholesterol의 함량은 사염화탄소만 투여한 CCL군에 비해 사염화탄소 투여 후 홍경천 물추출물을 투여 한 RSLIII군에서 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였다. LDL-cholesterol은 사염화탄소만 투여 한 군과 사염화탄소를 투여후 홍경천 물추출물을 투여한 군간 유의적 차이를 확인할 수 없었다 이상의 결과에서 사염화탄소 투여로 각종 효소 활성도 및 지질의 함량이 증가되었는데 이는 사염화탄소 투여로 간세포에 손상이 유발되었음을 알 수 있었고, 사염화탄소 투여 후 홍경천 물추출물을 투여한 군에서 사염화탄소 투여로 증가된 각종 효소 활성도 및 각종 지질의 함량을 저하시키므로서 홍경천 물추출물이 손상된 간기능을 회복시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.839-845
• /
• 1996

To investigate effects of Jujube methanol extract on the carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats, experimental animals were divided into 4 groups; control group(CON), Jujube methanol extracttreated group(JME), $CCl_4$- treated groups(CCl), and Jujube methanol extract and $CCl_4$-treated group (JMC). Each group was sacrificed after 2 or 4week feeding and determined the activities of serum transaminase(GOT, GPT) and hepatic xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), and hepatic contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactants(TBARS) and glutathione in liver. The activities of sGOT and sGPT, and the hepatic content of TBARS after $CCl_4$-treatment were markedly increased, compared to CON, but those levels were significantly decreased by the pretreatment of Jujube methanol extract, especially in sGOT after 2 and 4 week and TBARS after 4week respectively. Xanthine oxidase activity was increased by $CCl_4$- treatment as compared to CON, but it was also inhibited by the pretreatment of Jujube methanol extract for 2 and 4 week. The activities of SOD, catalase and GSH-Px were elevated by $CCl_4$-treatment, compared to CON, but those elevated activities were showed significant decreasing effect by pretreatment of Jujube methanol extract after 2 and 4week as compared to CON, however, hepatic catalase activity was not affected significantly. These results suggest that Jujube methanol extract is believed to be a possible protective effect for the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
• /
• 1991.05a
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 1991

Biodegradation of carbon tetrachloride (CTC) in denitrifying and aerobic columns was investigated under various conditions of electron-acceptor and electron-donor availability. CTC removal increased when the electron-acceptor (nitrate) injection was stopped in the denitrifying column ; however, CTC removal decreased when electron donor (acetate) was deleted in the denitrifying and the aerobic column. Small fractions of the CTC removed appeared as chloroform, indicating that reductive dechlorination of CTC was occurring. The results from the denitrifying column support the hypothesis that CTC behave as an electron acceptor that competes for the pool of available electrons inside the bacterial cells.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.734-739
• /
• 2006

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of mesangi (Capsosiphon fulvecens) in carbon tetrachloride $(CCI_4)$-induced liver injury. Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups : the normal (Normal), $CCI_4$-treated $(CCI_4)$, and mesangi-treated (Exp-CF) groups. Administration of $CCI_4$ increased the levels of GOT, GPT, and LDH in serum, while the levels were significantly decreased by the addition of mesangi. Higher levels of HDL-cholesterol were found in the Normal and Exp-CF groups, which has lower levels of total and LDL-cholesterol. Administration of $CCI_4$ also increased IGFBP-1 expression in serum, but it was decreased in the Exp-CF group. This suggests that $CCI_4$ is involved in the change in IGFBP-1 expression via its hepatotoxicity. The results indicate that mesangi has a hepatoprotective effect in rats given $CCI_4$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.84-94
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of high does carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) on the hepatotoxic effect of dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) which induces acute hemorrhagic necrosis in liver. Rats were injected intraperitoneally DMN dissolved in physiologic saline by a dose of 40mg/kg. For changes related to $CCl_4$ pretreatment, rats were injected intraperitoneally $CCl_4$ dissolved in olive oil by a dose of 0.4mg/kg, and then injected DMN. The livers were extracted from the rats 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after $CCl_4$ and/or DMN injection. Liver tissues were examined with light and electron microscopes. The results were summarized as follows ; Light microscopic findings : Severe centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis developed from 12 hours after injection of DMN and continued to 120 hours. On injection of DMN after $CCl_4$ pretreatment, Massive necrosis occurred early. But active regenerative changes were produced in 24 hours. In 120 hours, the liver recovered in almost normal appearance. The degree of necrosis in pretreated group was similar to that in DMN injection only, and the time of recovery was faster in preteated group. Electron microscopic findings ; The early change was mainly disorganization of RER in DMN injection, and clumping and vesicular dilatation of ER in injection of $CCl_4$. In pretreatment group the early change was similar in appearance with $CCl_4$ group, but severer in degree. According to the results, it was revealed that acute toxic effect of DMN was recovered more rapidly in pretreatment group. Thus it was suggested that $CCl_4$ had protective effect in DMN hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.124-130
• /
• 2002

The present study was carried out to investigate the pretreatment of effects of water extract obtained from Eucommia ulmoides leaf (ELE) on hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) -treated rats. Thirty two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, i.e. normal group (N), $CCl_4$-treated group (T), ELE-treated group (E), and ELE-treated group after injection of $CCl_4$(TE). The administration of $CCl_4$increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum, but their activities were significantly decreased by the addition of ELE. Alkaline phosphatase activity in serum was significantly decreased in $CCl_4$-treated group, while the activity was not decreased by the extracts. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol was found in E and TE group which showed lower levels of total and LDL-cholesterol. Histopathologic findings by light microscopic examination showed fatty change, ballooning degeneration, acidophilic degeneration, spotty necrosis and zonal necrosis in $CCl_4$treated liver tissue. But the degree of liver damage was not identified in liver tissue of the TE group. These results indicated that Eucommia ulmoides leaf water extracts led migtigation of liver demage induced with $CCl_4$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.1349-1355
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of methanol extract of Allomyrina dichotoma larva (MEAL) on carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity in mice. ICR mice were divided into 5 groups [Vehicle control, $CCl_4\;(10{\mu}g/g)$ alone, $CCl_4$ plus a low dose $(50{\mu}g/g)$ of MEAL, $CCl_4$ plus a high dose $(100{\mu}g/g)$ of MEAL]. Silymarin $(2{\mu}g/g)$ was used as the reference in the experiment. Administration of MEAL tended to decrease the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity induced by $CCl_4$ treatment in mice. Hepatic concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in a high-dose group of diet decreased to the level of silymarin-treated group. Hepatic activity of glutathione S-transferase in MEAL-treated group was lower than that of $CCl_4-treated$ group. Serum concentration of bilirubin was significantly increased by $CCl_4$ treatment, but MEAL or silymarin recovered the level. These results suggest that MEAL may exert the protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity in mice. However, more intensive studies would be needed to elucidate the protective mechanism of the beetle on hepatotoxicity of mice.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.569-577
• /
• 1996

pure compound chloromethanes; methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform and The carbon tetrachloride were used as a model of chlorocarbon system with Cl/H ratio to investigate thermal stability and hydrodechlorination process of carbon tetrachloride under excess hydrogen atmosphere. The parent thermal stability on basis of temperature required for 99% destruction at 1 second no was evaluated as $875^{\circ}C$ for $CH_3Cl$, $780^{\circ}C$ for $CH_2Cl_2$, $675^{\circ}C$ for $CHCl_3$ and $635^{\circ}C$ for $CCl_4$. Chloroform was thermally less stable than $CCl_4$ at fairly low temperatures $(<570^{\circ}C).$ The lion of $CCl_4$ became more sensitive to increasing temperature, and $CCl_4$ was degraded CHCl3 at above $570^{\circ}C.$ The number and quantity of chlorinated products decreases with increasing temperature for the Product distribution of $CCl_4$ decomposition reaction system. Formation of non-chlorinated hydrocarbons such as $CH_4$, $C_2H_4$ and C_2H_6$ increased as the temperature rise and particularly small amount of methyl chloride was observed above $850^{\circ}C$ in $CC1_4$/$H_2$ reaction system. The less chlorinated products are more stable, with methyl chloride the most stable chlorocarbon in this reaction system.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.789-794
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cassia tora ethanol extracts on carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 4 groups: normal group, $CCl_4$, treated group, $CCl_4-0.25%$ Cassia tora ethanol extracts group and $CCl_4-0.5%$ Cassia tora ethanol extracts group. Rats were fed with each experimental diet and water for 5 weeks. Liver weights of rats treated only with $CCl_4$, were significantly increased compared to normal group, but not in rats fed diet containing Cassia tora ethanol extracts. Cholesterol and triglyceride contents in serum and liver were also not influenced by either $CCl_4$, treatment or the supplementation of Cassia tora ethanol extracts. $CCl_4$, treatment significantly increased ALP activities, however the supplementation of Cassia tora ethanol extracts significantly decreased the activities of serum ALT, AST, ${\gamma}-GTP$ in dose-dependent manner. Cassia tora ethanol extracts significantly reduced $CCl_4-induced$ elevation of liver TBARS contents. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased by $CCl_4$, treatment, however by the supplement of Cassia tora ethanol extracts slightly increased activities of SOD and catalase. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in groups fed diets containing Cassia tora ethanol extracts was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group. These results suggest that Cassia tora ethanol extracts may exert protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ liver injury through the prevention of lipid peroxidation.