• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2008

A high incidence of Anisakiasis has been reported in many countries where people eat frequently raw or undercooked seafood. Anisakis spp. larvae were obtained from the mackerel acquired from a fish market of Cheongju city. They were divided into several groups and placed in culture dishes containing RPMI-1640 (culture media), in the presence or absence of different concentrations of herbal extracts (Meliae ezadarach, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Quisqualis indica var villosa). The objective of the present study was to investigate the activity of larval migration inhibition in vitro. Meliae ezadarach at the concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/ml effectively inhibited the larvae migration in time-dependent manner during experimental period of 0-24 h. Treatment of Meliae ezadarach at the three concentrations completely inhibited the larvae migration in vitro. Dryopteris crassirhizoma at the concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml also effectively inhibited the larvae migration in a time-dependent manner. The treatment of Dryopteris crassirhizoma for 12 h completely inhibited the larvae migration. The inhibitory effect of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was stronger than that of Meliae ezadarach. Although Quisqualis indica var villosa also showed the inhibitory effect on larvae migration, its inhibitory efficacy was the weakest among tested herbal extracts. These results indicated that some herbal extracts may be useful in controlling human anisakiasis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.731-751
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study aimed to find out the effect of Sagunja-tang on the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using mice with TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Methods : Mice with TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease were medicated with Sagunja-tang, and the weight changes, colon length, lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase activity were observed. Levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), its transcription factor activation, phospho-NF-${\kappa}$B (pp65), in the colon by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis were also measured. Finally, the activation of fecal bacterial enzyme, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase and degradation activation of fecal glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and hyaluronic acid were observed. Results : We found that oral administration of Sagunja-tang inhibited TNBS-induced colon shortening and also inhibited myeloperoxidase activity in the colon of mice as well as IL-$1{\beta}$ and COX-2 expression. Sagunja-tang also inhibited TNBSinduced lipid peroxidation and pp65 activation in the colon of mice. In addition, Sagunja-tang inhibited ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activation and fecal hyaluronic acid degradation activation. Conclusions : It is supposed that Sagunja-tang has a potential therapeutic effect on inflammatory bowel disease through the inhibition of both NF-${\kappa}$B activation and lipid peroxidation, and the improvement of intestinal conditions.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.170-192
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was carried out to research antioxidant effects of Sagunja-Tang(SA) through in vitro and vivo experiments, and tried to investigate the relation between oxidation of tissues and deficiency of Qi. Methods and results : HPLC analysis of glycyrrhizine - known to be the main compound of Radix Glycyrrhizae - was done to certify the quality of SA. Chemiluminescence was initiated by adding tort-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) to rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils), and generated reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion) decreased significantly by SA as dose dependent manner. Cell injury during 60 minutes tissue incubation was initiated by adding t-BHP, a hydrophobic hydroperoxide and $H_2O_2$, an water soluble oxidant to rat renal cortical and liver slices. Percentage cell death and lipid peroxidation were estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. t-BHP induced % cell death of renal cortical slices and lipid peroxidation of renal cortical and liver slices were decreased significantly by SA. SA decreased significantly % cell death and lipid peroxidation of renal cortical and liver slices induced by $H_2O_2$, too. Acute renal and liver injury induced by $HgCl_2\;and\;CCl_4$, which initiated from free radical, were applied to mice and metabolic data were obtained. Data showed protective effects of SA on acute renal injury caused by decrease of glomerular filtration. SA protected acute liver injury too. Conclusions Through this study, we found that SA have antioxidant effects and tissue oxidation was similar to deficiency of Qi. And further studies have to be followed to certify the mechanisms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Sagunja-tang(SGJT), Ijin-tang(IJT), Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP), and pial arterial diameter (PAD)] in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action of YGJT. And, this Study was designed to investigate whether YGJT inhibit lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells. The results were as follows ; 1. SGJT significantly increased rCBF but MABP was not changed comparing with normal MABP(l00 %). This results were suggested that SGJT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 2. IJT significantly decreased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but significantly increased MABP in a dose-dependent. This results were suggested that IJT significantly decreased rCBF by contracting PAD. 3. YGJT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent, and YGJT increased MABP compared with normal MABP(100 %). This results were suggested that YGJT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 4. The YGJT-induced increase in rCBF was significantly accelerated by pretreatment with indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase but was significantly inhibited by methylene blue (MTB, 10 ㎍/㎏ i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. 5. The YGJT-induced increase in PAD and MABP were accelerated by pretreatment with IDN but was significantly inhibited by MTB. This results suggested that the mechanism of YGJT is mediated by guanylate cyclase. 6. YGJT inhibited significantly LDH activity in neuronal cells. This results were suggested that YGJT prevented the neuronal death. I thought that YGJT should have improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2010

To establish the fundament for EBM of Traditional Korean Medicine, the papers on Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang) frequently used in medical institutions of Traditional Korean Medicine were analyzed through researching domestic and international papers. The papers were classified by the registration of domestic or international journals, the year of publishment, experimental fields and the kinds of studies on biological activities. Of total 228 papers on Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang), 121 volumes were selected according to creteria. 47 volumes were published in domestic journals, 71 in Chinese journal, 2 in Japanese journal, and 1 in Taiwan journal. The papers on instrumental analyses were preceeded by HPLC, MS, GC with standard compounds of herbal medicine in Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang). The papers on biological activities of Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang) showed improvement of gastrointestinal activity and blood circulation, immunoactivity, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-fatigue, anti-stress, pharmacokinetics, hepatic protection, radioprotection, muscular activity, hematopoiesis and nontoxical effect. Further studies including gastrointestinal disorder, immune related disease, cancer, oxidative injury and pharmacokinetic study need to be preceeded to establish the fundament for EBM of Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 1994

The present experiments were designed to investigate the effect of Ijntang, Sagoonjatang, and Yuggoonjatang on the hyperlipidemia induced rabbit. In order to control the precise chemical and physical condition, the experimental rabbits were supplied with calory limited food. The Hyperlipidemia rabbits were induced by oral administration of cholesterol (250mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The results were as followings : 1. The hyperlipidemia (control) group increased the concentration of serum glucose to $204.1{\pm}2.63\;mg/dl$ at the 4th. week, however, the other drug administrated groups such as Ijintang, Sagoonjatang, and Yuggoonjatang decreased significantly. 2. The control group increased the concentration of serum totalcholesterol to $299.0{\pm}4.18\;mg/dl$ at the 4th. week, however, the other drug administrated groups Ijintang, Sagoonjatang, and Yuggoonjatang decreased significantly. 3. The control group increased the concentration of serum total lipid to $429.1{\pm}1.72\;mg/dl$ at the 4th. week, however, the other drug administrated groups such as Ijintang, Sagoonjatang, and Yuggoonjatang decreased significantly. 4. The control group increased the concentration of serum triglyceride to $149.3{\pm}3.01\;g/dl$ at the 4th. week, however, the other drug administrated groups such as Ijintang, Sagoonjatang, and Yuggoonjatang decreased significantly. 5. The control group increased the concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol to $83.0{\pm}1.09$\;mg/dl$ at the 4th. week, and, the other drug administrated groups such as Ijintang, Sagoonjatang, and Yuggoonjatang increased significantly. 6. The lipid deposition to the aortic endothelium decreased more at the Yuggoonjatang group than the other groups. According to the above experimental results, Yuggoonjatang is assumed to have a more curative effect against hyperlipidemia than the other drug such as Ijintang and Sagoonjatang.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 2002

In order to investigate the effect of Sagoonja-Tang, Samool-Tang and Yookmijihwang-Tang against the cold, heat and immobilization stress, each formula was injected intragastically to mice exposed to forced cold water swimming($4^{\circ}C$), forced hot water swimming($42^{\circ}C$) and immobilization stress before measuring the change of plasma corticosterone level of mice. The results were as follows: 1. One hour after each Sagoonja-Tang, Samool-Tang, Yookmijihwang-Tang with the dose of 1g／kg, 3g／kg each were administered to mice, we put cold stress($4^{\circ}C$) on mice for 3min. Then those prescriptions didn't show any significant effect on plasma corticosterone level. however, Yookmijihwang-Tang(1g/kg) showed a significant increase(p〈0.05), and Samool-Tang(3g/kg) showed a small increase. 2. One hour after Samool-Tang, Sagoonja-Tang and Yookmijihwang-Tang with the dose of 1g／kg, 3g／kg each were administerd, mice exposed to heat stress($42^{\circ}C$) for 3 min. Samool-Tang(1g/kg) and Yookmijihwang-Tang(lg/kg) showed significant decrease of corticosterone level(p〈0.01, p〈0.05) but Sagoonja-Tang didn't change it. In the case of the dose of 3g/kg, only Samool-Tang decreased corticosterone level(P〈0.01), but Sagoonja-Tang, Yookmijihwang-Tang didn't make significant effect on plasma corticosterone level of the mice exposed to heat stress($42^{\circ}C$ ). 3. Those mice which exposed to immobilization stress one hour after Sagoonja-Tang, Samool-Tang, Yookmijihwang-Tang with the dose of 1g/kg and 3g/kg didn't show effective decrease of corticosterone level. However, Sagoonja-Tang(3g/kg), Samool-Tang(lg/kg, 3g/kg) showed the effect of mild increase of corticosterone level rather than decrease. These data revealed that the effect-variation of prescriptions depended on the kinds of stress and the dose of prescriptions had a different effect on therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2008

A 5-year-old male Chihuahua with oral discomfort due to the presence of a maxillary acanthomatous epulis was referred to the acupuncture service at the Veterinary Medical Center of the University of Florida. For the patient, acupuncture treatments were performed for 11 sessions, at 1 month intervals with Chinese herbal medicine. The acupuncture points and Chinese herbal medicine used were selected based on TCM principles. The selected acupoints were Zusanli(ST36), Fenglong(ST40), Gongsun(SP4), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Pishu(BL20), Weishu(BL21), Taichang(LIV3), and Baihui(GV20). In addition, the Chinese herbal formulas Nei Xiao Wan and Si Jun Zi Tang were chosen. After one year of acupuncture and administration of Chinese herbal medicine, the acanthomatous epulis was remarkably decreased in size. It is considered that the use of acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine would be useful treatments of canine acanthomatous epulis.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.253-275
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• 1999

The effects of Sagunjatang and Samultang on the immunosuppression induced by methotrexate(MTX) in rats were investigated in this study. The multiple parameters of immunity assessed in each rats included leukocyte count, lymphocyte rate, the number of lymphocyte in tibial bone marrow, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB, morphological change of thymocyte and IgG antibody on SDS-PAGE. Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and divided into five groups at random. Group A was normal control. Group B, the MTX treatment control, was injected i.v. with 2mg/kg of on days 9, 11 after sensitization with SRBC on 5th day. Group C, the experimental control, was treated Sagunjatang for 18days and MTX. Group D was treated Samultang for 18days and MTX. Group E was treated Sagunjatang-Samultang for 18days and MTX. The dosage of Sagunjatang and Samultang was $1m{\ell}/day$ respectively. In the case of Group E, rats Were fed Sagunjatang $1m{\ell}$ in the morning and Samultang $1m{\ell}$ in the afternoon. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Leukocyte count in rats induced by intravenous sensitization with SRBC was decreased significantly in Group E. 2. Leukocyte counts of 2weeks later after being treated MTX were increased significantly in Groups C and D. 3. Lymphocyte rate in rats induced by intravenous sensitization with SRBC wasn't changed significantly in all the experimental groups. 4. Lymphocyte rate of 2weeks. later after being treated MTX was increased significantly in Group D. 5. The number of lymphocyte in tibial bone marrow was incereased significantly in Group C. 6. Contact hypersensitivity wasn't changed significantly in all the experimental groups. 7. Morphological finding of thymocyte in group C was similar to normal group as compared with control group. 8. Purified IgG of all the experimental groups showed two bands of 50,000 and 25,000 on SDS-PAGE. But there was no difference among experimental groups.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.305-317
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• 2000

To prove the effect of Sagunjatang(SGJT) and Samultang(SMT) extract on the wave of Human Body and Active Oxygen experimentally, QRS & Free Radical of extract and precipitate of SGJT and SMT was measured. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. SGJT extract and precipitate, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of immunity & pituitary gland. 2. BaekBokRung of SGJT, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of heart & spleen. 3. BaekChul and Gamcho of SGJT, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of stomach & duodenum. 4. YinSam of SGJT, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of immunity & spleen. 5. SMT extract and precipitate, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of immunity & uterus. 6. SukJiHwang of SMT, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of immunity & liver. 7. DangGui of SMT, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of heart & spleen. 8. ChunGung of SMT, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of spleen & pituitary gland. 9. BaekJakYak of SMT, as a result of measuring QRS and Free Radical, had a considerable effect on the function of stomach & duodenum. 10. SMT extract had an effect on the function of female Urogenital system, SGJT extract had an effect on the function of male Urogenital system. These results suggested that SGJT and SMT extract might be usefully applied for suppresing of Active Oxygen formation, preventing the aging, curing all the disease resulted from Active Oxygen.