• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 2018

Coffee is a commonly consumed beverage that contains anti-inflammatory compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid, cafestol, trigonelline, and kahweol. Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium most frequently used in the fermentation of food products of plant origin. L. plantarum is able to degrade some food phenolic compounds and provide high value-added compounds such as powerful antioxidants or food additives approved as flavouring agents. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of coffee extract fermented by L. plantarum on RAW264.7 macrophages. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, these coffee extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory activities through the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase expression. Fermented coffee extracts significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, interleukin $1{\beta}$, interleukin 6, and interferon ${\gamma}$. Cyclooxygenase-2, which is one of the key biomarkers for inflammation, was significantly suppressed. These results might be helpful for understanding the anti-inflammatory mechanism of fermented coffee extract on immune cells and, moreover, suggest that fermented coffee extract may be a beneficial anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.301-308
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• 2021

In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity properties, of Sargassum macrocarpum extracts were identified to assess the availability of Sargassum macrocarpum extracts as cosmetics and foods. To measure antioxidant activity, we conducted TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, NO, FRAP. For polyphenols, 30.81±1.12 mg/g was shown. Flavonoids showed 25.72±0.94 mg/g. The DPPH experiment showed an antioxidant function of 6.746 mg ascorbic acid/g extract, the ABTS experiment showed an antioxidant function of 15.59 mg ascorbic acid/g extract, and the NO experiment showed an antioxidant function of 6.781 mg ascorbic acid/g extract. In FRAP, 1 mg of the Sargassum macrocarpum extract showed a reduction of 4.573±0.097 ㎍ of ascorbic acid. In cytotoxicity experiments, Sargassum macrocarpum extracts showed a cell survival rate of more than 80% at all concentrations, and an inflammatory inhibition of 25.95±0.85%, and an lipid accumulation inhibition of 29.75±2.35%. These results indicate that Sargassum macrocarpum extract is available as an anti-inflammatory cosmetic and anti-obesity inner beauty material. In future studies, it is necessary to study how pure substances containing Sargassum macrocarpum extract affect antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2003

아스코마이신(ascomycin)의 macrolactam 유도체인 피메크로리무스(pimecrolimus; 엘리델 [Elidel], SDZ ASM 981; Novartis Pharma AG, 바젤, 스위스)는 세포선택성을 지닌 염증성 사이토카인(cytokines) 억제제로서 아토피피부염, 알레르기성 접촉피부염, 자극성 접촉피부염 및 판형 건선 등 염증성 피부질환의 치료제로 개발되었다. T세포와 비만세포의 염증성 사이토카인 생산 분비를 억제하고 사전 형성된 염증성 매개물질의 비만 세포 분비를 저해한다. 국소 투여된 피메크로리무스는 알레르기성 접촉피부염(allergic contact dermatitis [ACD]) 돼지 모델에서 고역가 코르티코스테로이드 클로베타졸-17-propionate(corticosteroid clobetasol-17-propionate)와 동등한 효과를 나타낸다. 하지만 피메크로리무스는 클로베타졸과는 달리 피부 위축을 일으키지 않는다. 경구 투여시 피메크로리무스는 마우스와 랫트 ACD 치료에 있어서 타크로림무스(tacrolimus [FK 506])와 동등한 혹은 더 우수한 효과를 나타낸다. 또한 피메크로리무스는 아토피피부염 급성 징후 유사 모델인 저마그네슘 혈증 탈모 랫트(hypomagnesemic hairless rat)의 피부 염증과 소양증을 효과적으로 감소시킨다. 피메크로리무스는 랫트에서 다음과 같은 측면의 전신 면역반응 손상 효과가 타크로리무스 와 비교하여 낮게 평가된다: (1)국소 이식편대 숙주 반응, (2)양(sheep) 적혈구에 대한 항체 형성, (3)신장이식. 시험관내 평가시 돼지 피부를 통한 피메크로리무스 투과 속도가 타크로리무스보다 10배 낮게 측정되므로 생체에서 경피 흡수가 더 적게 될 것으로 판단된다. 상기 자료로 판단컨대 피메크로 리무스는 피부에 대한 항염증 활성이 높을 뿐 아니라 전신 면역반응 손상 부작용이 낮은것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.104-119
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• 2003

목적 : 면역억제 작용을 지닌 것으로 알려진 전갈약침(BMK)의 IL-1으로 야기된 1차성 골관절염 인체 연골 세포에 대한 항염증 효과 골 기능 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 방법 : 골관절염 연골에서 채취된 인체 연골세포는 ID-1(2ng/ml)에 의해 처리되어졌으며, IL-1과 BMK($10{\mu}g/ml$)를 함께 처리한 연골세포와 비교하였다. 결과 : IL-1 단독처리된 연골세포에 비해 BMK가 함께 처리된 연골세포에서 연골세포의 손실과 퇴화의 중요한 요소인 NO의 생산량이 의미있게 저하되었다. IL-1단독으로 처리된 연골세포보다 IL-1과 BMK가 함께 처리된 연골세포에서 iNOS mRNA의 단백질 합성이 의미있게 감소하였다. 또한, 전사인자로서의 NF-B의 활성화가 IL-1 단독으로 처리된 연골세포에 비하여 BMK가 함께 처리된 군에서 상대적으로 의미있게 억제되었다. 결론: 이상의 결과를 종합하면 BMK가 인제 골관절염 연골에 있어서 NF-B 활성화에 의존한 IL-1 유도염증의 치료상에 효과적인 반응억제제임을 시사하며, 골 세포의 골 재흡수 활동에 효과적임을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.2 s.57
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• pp.99-103
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• 2006

Natural essential oils showed anti-microbial activity on relatively broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species. These materials had much more intensive anti-microbial activities than synthetic preservatives on C. albicans, A niger, and P. acnes, especially. In the experimental group, anti-microbial activity was order of tea tree oil (from Melaleuca alternifolia) > methylparaben > phytoncide (from Chamaecyparis obtusa). Also, natural essential oils had anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest that natural essential oils can be useful as good cosmetic ingredients such as natural preservatives and anti-oxidants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1149-1157
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• 2017

Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation in our body. The use of medicinal plants has been widely applied as an alternative source for drug development. One of marine natural resources, the anti-inflammatory effect of Ishige sinicola ethanol extract (ISEE), was evaluated by using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell and mice model. As a result, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$) were inhibited with increasing concentration of ISEE without any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, ISEE suppressed the expression of not only inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) p65, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a dose-dependent manner. In mice ear edema test, the formation of edema was reduced at the highest dosage of ISEE and the reduction of the number of infiltrated mast cells was observed in histological analysis. These results indicate that ISEE has a potent anti-inflammatory activity and can be used as a pharmaceutical material for many kinds of inflammatory disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2015

Oleanolic acid is known as which anti-cancer, anti-sinhaeng angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects. We focused on the antioxidant activity of oleanolic acid was separated from the natural plant and It was confirmed that the whitening effect. In this study, oleanolic acid was stabilized by polyglyceryl surfactant which from natural origin with only a simple stirring operation, and compared with lecithin liposome that was manufactured with high cost facility. The transdermal transition rate of 0.4% oleanolic acid polyglyceryl nanoemulsion was 95%, and it was simillar with lecithin liposome of 92%. 65% of 3hr transdermal transition rate of polyglyceryl nanoemulsion indicate charistiristcs of quick release, compared with 45% of lecithin liposome's 3hr transdermal transition rate. In the in-vivo clinical trial test, polyglyceryl nanoemulsion of 0.4% oleanolic acid was higher 25% in 2nd week, 58% in 4th and 8th weeks than non-added oleanolic acid emulsion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1073-1080
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• 2009

A number of studies have demonstrated that the regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce the risks of colorectal, oesophageal and lung cancers. NSAIDs have been shown to exert their anti-cancer effects through inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. The susceptibility of tumor cells to anti-tumor drug-induced apoptosis appears to depend on the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic programs such as nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathways. We examined the effects of pro-survival PI3K and ERK1/2 signal pathways on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to NSAIDs including sulindac sulfide and NS398. We show that simultaneous inhibition of the Akt/PKB and ERK1/2 signal cascades could synergistically enhance the potential pro-apoptotic activities of sulindac sulfide and NS398. Similar enhancement was observed in cells treated with sulindac sulfide or NS398 and 100 ${\mu}$M genistein, an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are upstream of PI3K and MEK1/2 signaling. We further demonstrate that NAG-1 is induced and plays a critical role(s) in apoptosis by NSAIDs-based combined treatment. In sum, our results show that combinatorialtreatment of sulindac sulfide or NS398 and genistein results in a highlysynergistic induction of apoptotic cell death to increase the chemopreventive effects of the NSAIDs, sulindac sulfide and NS398.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.736-744
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• 2021

Artemisia princeps Pampanini is an herbal medicine widely used to immune function-related diseases, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of AP extract and underlying mechanisms were evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells. The effects of AP extract were also studied in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation mouse model. In RAW 264.7 cells, AP extracts significantly inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. The LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB was also significantly blocked by AP extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Oral administration of AP extract suppressed the increase in mouse paw edema and spleen index compared to CFA-treated mice group. Histologically, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was increased in cartilage and synovium in the CFA-treated mouse group, whereas it was suppressed in the AP extract-administered group. Furthermore, AP extract treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α, levels in CFA and LPS-treated mouse. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis effect of AP extract was confirmed in both in vitro and in vivo models, suggesting that Artemisia princeps Pampanini may be a candidate material for arthritis treatment.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2022

Airborne fine dust (FD) particles smaller than 10 ㎛ in diameter (PM10) are one of the major causes of air pollution in East Asia, including Korea, and have become a major contributor to respiratory and skin problems. FD inordinately promotes the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory response in macrophages, leading to cell damage and death. Rosa rugosa, a deciduous shrub of the Rosa genus, has been used in traditional East Asian herbal medicine to treat various illnesses. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of R. rugosa organ extracts on PM10-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compared to non-treated RAW264.7 cells, treatment with 100 ㎍.ml^-1 PM10 resulted in increased nitric oxide (NO) production, similar to lipopolysaccharide treatment. Additionally, 100 ㎍/ml stem extract reduced NO production by more than 45% compared to mock treatment. Furthermore, PM10-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible NO synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly reduced by stem extract treatment, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of the stem extract is mediated by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators in PM10-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that the R. rugosa stem could be considered a natural remedy with a protective effect against inflammatory responses induced by harmful airborne dust.