• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-33
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• 2018

Stream cipher is an one-time-pad type encryption algorithm that encrypt plaintext using simple operation such as XOR with random stream of bits (or characters) as symmetric key and its security depends on the randomness of used stream. Therefore we can design more secure stream cipher algorithm by using mathematical analysis of the stream such as period, linear complexity, non-linearity, correlation-immunity, etc. The key stream in stream cipher is generated in linear feedback shift register(LFSR) having characteristic polynomial. The primitive polynomial is the characteristic polynomial which has the best security property. It is used widely not only in stream cipher but also in SEED, a block cipher using 8-degree primitive polynomial, and in Chor-Rivest(CR) cipher, a public-key cryptosystem using 24-degree primitive polynomial. In this paper we present the concept and various properties of primitive polynomials in Galois field and prove the theorem finding the number of irreducible polynomials and primitive polynomials over $F_p$ when p is larger than 2. This kind of research can be the foundation of finding primitive polynomials of higher security and developing new cipher algorithms using them.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.339-342
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 DSP와 RISC 마이크로 콘트롤러의 결합으로 구성된 이중 코어 DSP를 이용하여 휴대장치에 적합한 저전력 MPEC-2 계층-III 복호화기의 구조를 제안하고 실시간 시스템을 구현하였다. 제안된 시스템은 디지털 오디오 데이터 처리부와 시스템 제어 정보처리부로 나누어 병렬처리가 가능한 구조이다. 디지털 오디오데이터 처리부에서는 DSP의 강력한 산술연산기능으로 MPEG 복호화 알고리듬을 수행하며 시스템 제어부에서는 마이크로 콘트롤러의 장점인 저가, 저전력의 제어 기능으로 사용자 인터페이스 및 파일 관리, 비트스트림 제어를 담당하도록 구성된다. 입력부에서는 Multi Meadia Card(MMC)를 지원하고, PC와 호환 가능하도록 파일 관리 시스템으로 운용되며 직렬 통신의 데이터 전송과 16비트 해상도 및 최대 48kHz 표본화주파수로 스테레오 출력이 가능하다. 구현된 시스템은 이중 코어를 이용하여 DSP의 연산량 및 동작속도의 감소로 인한 저가, 저전력의 효과로 인해 휴대장치에 적합하다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a robust preprocessing scheme for entropy coding in gray-level image. The issue of this paper is to reduce additional information needed when bit stream is transmitted. The proposed scheme uses the preprocessing method of co-occurrence count about gray-levels in neighboring pixels. That is, gray-levels are substituted by their ranked numbers without additional information. From the results of computer simulation, it is verified that the proposed scheme could be reduced the compression bit rate by up to 44.1%, 37.5% comparing to the entropy coding and conventional preprocessing scheme respectively. So our scheme can be successfully applied to the application areas that require of losslessness and data compaction.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.1B
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• pp.148-155
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• 2000

In image coding applications such as web browsing and image database searching, it is very useful to quickly view a small portion of the image with higher quality. Region of interest (ROI) coding technique provides the capability to reconstruct the ROI in advance of decompressing the rest of the image, with a smaller number of transmitted bits compared to the case where the entire image is treated with the same priority. In this paper, a progressive ROI coding method using the enbedded coder is presented, and an efficient transmission method for the ROI information. Experimental results show that the proposed progressive ROI coding technique can be effectively used for image coding applications such as web browsing and image database searching system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.552-555
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• 2007

지상파 DMB등에서 많이 사용하고 있는 기술은 H.264이다. 이 H.264는 적은 비트율에 비하여 고해상도의 영상을 만들어 낸다. 이런 손실압축을 하기 위해서 인트라와 인터등과 같은 전처리 과정과 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform), 양자화 등등이 존재하지만 H.264에서 실제로 압축이 되는 부분은 엔트로피코딩이다. H.264에서는 Exp-Golomb과 CAVLC(Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding), CABAC(Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) 세 가지를 지원하고 있다. 이중 CAVLC는 테이블을 기반으로한 압축기법을 사용한다. 테이블을 이용할 때는 코드워드의 길이와 값을 비교하는 방식을 사용하게 된다. 이는 수 많은 메모리 접속으로 인한 전력소모와 연산지연을 가져온다. 본 논문에서는 전송된 비트스트림에서 데이터를 찾을 때 코드워드의 길이와 값을 테이블에 비교해서 찾지 않고 테이블에 존재하는 규칙을 수식화 하여 찾을 수 있도록 하였다. 이는 최초 '1'이 나올때까지의 '0'의 개수와 그 이후 존재하는 코드의 값을 이용하여서 각 단계에 필요한 데이터를 추출해 낸다. 위와 같은 알고리즘을 이용하여 VHDL언어로 설계하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.79-81
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• 2022

MPEG-VCM(Video Coding for Machines)에서는 머신비전(machine vision) 네트워크의 백본(backbone)에서 추출된 이미지/비디오 특징 압축을 위한 표준화를 진행하고 있다. 현재 VCM 표준기술 탐색 과정에서 가장 좋은 압축 성능을 보이는 MSFC(Multi-Scale Feature compression) 기반 압축 네트워크 모델은 추출된 멀티-스케일 특징을 단일-스케일 특징으로 변환하여 특징맵으로 구성하고 이를 VVC 로 압축한다. 본 논문에서는 MSFC 기반 압축 모델에서 Min-Max 값 시그널링을 제외한 최소-최대(Min-Max) 정규화를 포함한 개선된 특징맵 생성 기법을 제시한다. 즉, 제안기법은 VCM 디코더에서의 특징맵 복원을 위한 Min-Max 값을 학습 기반으로 생성함으로써 Min-Max 시그널링의 비트 오버헤드 절감뿐만 아니라 별도의 시그널링 기제를 생략한 보다 단순한 전송 비트스트림 구성을 가능하게 한다. 실험결과 제안기법은 이미지 앵커(Anchor) 대비 BPP-mAP 성능에서 83.24% BD-rate 이득을 보이며, 이는 기존 MSFC 보다 1.74%정도 다소 떨어지지만 별도의 Min-Max 시그널링 없이도 기존의 성능을 유지할 수 있음을 보인다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 2011

Following the proliferation of three-dimensional video contents and displays, many terrestrial broadcasting companies have been preparing for stereoscopic 3DTV service. In terrestrial stereoscopic broadcast, it is a difficult task to code and transmit two video sequences while sustaining as high quality as 2DTV broadcast due to the limited bandwidth defined by the existing digital TV standards such as ATSC. Thus, a terrestrial 3DTV broadcasting with a heterogeneous video codec system, where the left image and right images are based on MPEG-2 and H.264/AVC, respectively, is considered in order to achieve both high quality broadcasting service and compatibility for the existing 2DTV viewers. Without significant change in the current terrestrial broadcasting systems, we propose a joint rate control scheme for stereoscopic 3DTV service based on the heterogeneous dual codec systems. The proposed joint rate control scheme applies to the MPEG-2 encoder a quadratic rate-quantization model which is adopted in the H.264/AVC. Then the controller is designed for the sum of the left and right bitstreams to meet the bandwidth requirement of broadcasting standards while the sum of image distortions is minimized by adjusting quantization parameter obtained from the proposed optimization scheme. Besides, we consider a condition on maintaining quality difference between the left and right images around a desired level in the optimization in order to mitigate negative effects on human visual system. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed bit rate control scheme outperforms the rate control method where each video coding standard uses its own bit rate control algorithm independently in terms of the increase in PSNR by 2.02%, the decrease in the average absolute quality difference by 77.6% and the reduction in the variance of the quality difference by 74.38%.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a smart HLS(HTTP Live Stream) platform with dynamic single buffering for the best transmission of adaptive video bit-rates. This smart HLS can optimizes the channel transition zapping-time with the monitoring of bandwidth between HLS server and OTT(Over The Top) client. This platform is designed through the control of video stream due to proper multi-bitrates and bandwidths. This proposed OTT can decode the live and VOD(Video On Demand) videos with the buffering of optimumal bitrate. And, the HLS can be cooperated with a smart OTT, and segmented for the m3u8 files of H.265 MPEG-2 TS(Transport Stream) videos. As a resullt, this single buffer based smart OTT can transmit optimal videos with the maximum data buffering according to the adaptive bit-rate depending on the network bandwidth efficiency and the decoded VOD video, too.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.38
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• pp.265-309
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• 2013

In response to the current electronic record environment, storing electronic records for necessary long terms have been the topic of the times. Especially, the method to preserving original form such as original functional property and bit stream becomes the key to long term preservation of electronic records. Until now in Korea migration methods were chosen as long term preservation strategy for public records, but the limitations were that the functionality and the original bit stream could not be maintained. Among the strategies for long term preservation of electronic records, emulation has significant strengths in that it can replicate the original form of electronic records without changes in the bit stream, and that unlike migration it can establish a single preservation strategy without needing to apply individual strategies according to type of electronic record. Especially because it can replicate the functional components that cannot be implemented in the current long term preservation format, there is a need to study the application method based on the studies of electronic record types currently used by public institutions. This study, to explore the methods for applying emulation as a strategy for the long term preservation of electronic records, reviews the latest study cases from the west about emulation as base study, and tries to analyze the specific cases about the feasibility, target, and methods of emulation. Through this the study tries to explore the implications for domestic application as well as the strengths and weaknesses of emulation. To do this, the study analyses the concept, strengths and weaknesses of emulation as a long term preservation strategy, the analyses the latest best cases of emulation in the west; CAMiLEON, KB, Planets, and KEEP project. Based on these analysis this study tries to suggest implications and application methods for electronic records in the future in Korea.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.102-116
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• 2009

There have been lots of researches for H.264/AVC performance enhancement on a multi-core processor. The enhancement has been performed through parallelization methods. Parallelization methods can be classified into a task-level parallelization method and a data level parallelization method. A task-level parallelization method for H.264/AVC decoder is implemented by dividing H.264/AVC decoder algorithms into pipeline stages. However, it is not suitable for complex and large bitstreams due to poor load-balancing. Considering load-balancing and performance scalability, we propose a horizontal data level parallelization method for H.264/AVC decoder in such a way that threads are assigned to macroblock lines. We develop a mathematical performance expectation model for the proposed parallelization methods. For evaluation of the mathematical performance expectation, we measured the performance with JM 13.2 reference software on ARM11 MPCore Evaluation Board. The cycle-accurate measurement with SoCDesigner Co-verification Environment showed that expected performance and performance scalability of the proposed parallelization method was accurate in relatively high level